Yuri Khmelnitsky: Biography kooban, siyaasadda, inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada

Mid ka mid ah tirooyinka ugu muranka badnaa abid Yukreeniyaan waa Yuri Khmelnitsky. Wiilka taariikhyahanadu weyn Bogdan helay opinion ah oo si weyn u diverges, iyagoo ku xidhan booska fikirka. Laakiin oo dhan iyaga ka mid ah isku raaceen in ay ina kartida aad buu u liita inuu aabbihiis. Biography Yuriya Hmelnitskogo noqon doonaa mawduuca of our tixgelin.

carruurnimada

Yuri Khmelnitsky ku dhashay agagaarka 1641 on beer u dhow Chigirina Sabtida ee qoyska ka mid ah Sirkaalkii yar Yukreeniyaan Bogdan (Zinovy) Khmelnitsky iyo Anna Semyonovna Somko, mustaqbalka simaha hetman ku Yakov Somko walaashiis. oo isaga mooyaane, qoyska wuxuu lahaa toddoba carruur badan: 3 wiilasha iyo gabdhaha 4.

About sannadaha hore ee nolosha Yuri shiidaa waxba la og yahay, marka laga reebo in uu la aabbihiis iyo hooyadiis beerta guriga ku noolaa.

Nolosha qoyska Khmelnytsky oo dhan of Dhexe ayaa u xuub bedelay tan iyo 1647, markii Sabtida sameeyey tooasoo weerarada Sirkaalkii cadowga shakhsi Bogdan Daniel Czapliński. Waxa uu dumay xaafadda, markii madaxa qoyska guriga ka maqnaato, iyo badh karbaashay in la dilo mid ka mid ah wiilashiisa.

dagaal xoraynta

Markay heli waayeen golaha sharci ah si ay u xakameyso Nin sharaf leh, Bohdan Khmelnytsky bilowga ah ee 1648 ee Ukraine keentay kacdoonkii caan ka dhanka ah xeerka Polish. Arrinta ugu weyn ee ka mid ah kacdoonkii ahaa Cossacks Zaporozhye ah, taas oo hetman in isla sanadkaas Bogdan Zinovy loo doortay.

The guulihii hore ee kacdoonkii waxay ahaayeen cajiib ah, sida ciidan Cossack ee isbahaysiga la tataarka Crimean ah u suurtagashay in ay ka taliya inta badan la joogo-maalin Ukraine. Weli siyaasi Bogdan Khmelnitsky ma ahaa si casri ah, iyo sida a kulan natiijo-ka roogaga iyo taxane ah oo khiyaamooyinkii ayaa lagu qasbay in 1651 inay la soo wareegto adduun khasaari Belotserkovskii in loogu tala galay khasaaraha ka mid ah qayb weyn oo ka mid ah dhulalka.

Bohdan Khmelnytsky ogaaday in aan saaxiib awood leh ma aha inuu ku guuleysto dagaalka. On Pereiaslav Rada ee January 1654 go'aan la isku raacay on ansaxinta dhalashada boqorka Ruush. Ka dib markii in, Russia ahaa dagaal kula Poland.

Yuri Khmelnitsky, ka duwan walaalkiis ka weyn Timosha, ay sabab u tahay ilmanimada hore, qayb ka mid ah si toos ah in ololaha militari ee aabbihiis ma aqbalo. Ka dib markii Timosha lagu dilay 1653 inta lagu jiro olole ee Moldova, Yuri ahaa ina kaliya ee Bogdana Hmelnitskogo, sida walaalihiis uu markiiba ku dhintay. Waxaa isaga soo diray oo wuxuu aabbihiis inaad wax ka barato collegium Kiev.

Kadib markii uu dhamaystay waxbarashada uu ugu da'da lix iyo toban iyadoo ay kaalmo ka aabbihiis, Yuri Khmelnitsky Hetman lagu dhawaaqey. In uu yahay, Bogdan waa u diyaarisay in ay awood dhaxli uu dhintay, kaas oo ka dhacay 1657 ka stroke ka dib.

Ka dib markii dhimasho aabbihiis

Lix iyo toban sano jir Yuri dhimashada lama filaan ah uu aabbihiis ka dib markii aan diyaar u ahayd inay la wareegaan maamulka gobolka. Inkasta oo qayb ka mid ah Cossacks dhawaaqi isaga hetman, laakiin Chigirinskaya Rada saajin doortay madaxa-hayaha guud (analoogga ah madax sare ee Yurub) Ivana Vygovskogo. Yury Bogdanovich ayaa lagu qasbay in ay iska dhiibto awood ay guushu ku musharax khibrad dheeraad ah.

Ivan Vygovskyy tan iyo wakhtigii hore keentay madax banaan siyaasadda dawladda Ruush. Waxa uu rumeysan yahay in Tsar Ruushka ku xadgudba heshiisyadii hore ee ururka. Vygovskyy u tageen inay isku daya in ay la Poland, taas oo dhalisay in la soo gabagabeeyo heshiiska Hadiach 1658. Waxaa la siiyaa mid noqoshada ee Ukraine (duchy grand Ruush) in qayb ka mid ah Poland, siman la Lithuania iyo Poland.

Heshiiskan wuxuu horseeday in kala ah in madaxda sare ee Cossack ah. Tiro la taaban karo oo ah odayaasha iyo Cossacks fudud ayaa ka soo horjeeda isku daya in la Poland iyo wali daacad u Tsar Ruush ah. Kala keentay in dagaal sokeeye sano iyo soddon ah ee Ukraine, kaas oo muddo ayaa loo magacaabay burburkiisii hore. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalada u dhaxeeya ciidamada dalka Ruushka, kaas oo uu helay taageerada daacad ah boqorkii dalka Cossacks ah, iyo ciidamada Vygovskogo, tan dambe ayaa waxaa laga adkaaday oo lagu qasbay in 1659 si ay u Poland carari.

hetman labaad

Ka dib markii ka soo cararaya Vygovskogo, saraakiisha Cossack go'aansadeen in ay doortaan Hetman cusub. Mid ka mid ah taageerayaasha ugu firfircoon ee Vygovskogo ku dejiyey lahaa adeerkiis ku Yuri hooyadiis - Colonel Yakov Somko, kan qudhiisu methyl meel ka mid ah madaxa Cossacks ah. Laakiin tartamaya ugu weyn ee ahaa ina Velikogo Bogdana - siddeed iyo Yuri. warkiisuna wuxuu aabbihiis ahaa card buunka ay. Oo Rada ee 1659 ee Church White ku saabsan post ee hetman Yuri Khmelnitsky la ansixiyay. Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Hetman (1659 -. 1685) beegantay muddada burbur ku daatay. Waa in la ogaadaa in si loo hubiyo in uu doorashada, Yuri diray inay Rada ee Church White ah qof aad aaminsantahay aabbeheed - Ivana Bryuhovetskogo, kaas oo mustaqbalka ay noqon doontaa on hetman ah ee bidix Bank Ukraine.

In cusub ee Rada ansixiyay qaraar ku saabsan codsiga in Tsar Ruush ah ku saabsan ballaadhinta la mid ah xuquuqda Cossacks ah. Gaar ahaan, su'aalo ayaa la sara kiciyey, oo ku saabsan awoodda xoojinta of Hetman iyo madaxbannaani ee Church Yukreeniyaan ah. Laakiin codsi ay diideen taliyaha reer boqor Troubetzkoy. Waxa uu sidoo kale dalbaday in dib-u-faraxsanahay by Cossacks ah oo xuquuqda ka sii kooban marka la barbardhigo xilliyada Bogdana Hmelnitskogo waa a.

kala jabeen Ukraine

In 1660 Ciidamada Ruush hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Sirkaalkii Sheremetyev caddeeyey ka dhanka ah ciidamada of Dhexe. Si taliyihii wuxuu ahaa inuu ku biiro Yuri Khmelnitsky oo uu Cossacks, laakiin nahey maxaa yeelay fulaynimo. Waxa uu ahaa xilli danbe oo uu ku hareereysan ciidamo Polish, ayaa hore u lahaa wakhti ay ku hareereeyaan ku suganyahay.

Cadaadis Yuri Foreman lagu qasbay inuu qandaraas cusub u saxiixo Dhexe. In meel of diyaarinta, waxa uu ahaa khuseeya Slobodyshche. Heshiiskan ayaa howlo badan oo la mid ah Gadyachsky, laakiin siiyaan xorriyad ka yar ee dadka Ukraine, gaar ahaan, ma siin waayo madaxbannaani. Yuri Khmelnitsky ayaa lagu qasbay in uu qirto in maadooyinka boqorka Polish.

Dhab ahaantii ma ahayn in ay ka jeelahay ee qayb weyn oo ka mid ah odayaasha iyo Cossacks. Waxay diideen inay addeecaan iyo Yuri doortay ku simaha hetman Colonel Somko, kaas oo ay taageerayaan boqortooyada Ruush. Under gacanta ugu Yuriya Hmelnitskogo ahayd oo keliya xaq-bangiga Ukraine. Sidaas darteed, in ka badan boqol sano jir Little Russia waxaa dhab ahaan loo kala qaybiyay laba qaybood: Dhiniciisa Midig, sidoo kale u aqoonsaday Polish oo sharci urub, iyo bangiga bidix - xoogga Tsar Ruushka.

dhac cusub

Isku dayga in hanto dhulka oo dhan Ukraine, oo ku tiirsan taageerada Dhexe, Yuri Khmelnitsky bilaabay inuu soco Bank Bidixda. First, waxaa qayb ahaan la kulmay guul, laakiin ka dib markii a xoojiyo Somko yimid qaab ciidamada Ruush hoos amarka Boyar Romodanovsky, hetman bangiga xaq-u guuldarro burburiyo at Kanev xagaaga 1662.

Jooji ciidamada Ruush Khmelnitsky soo gabogaboobay kaliya isbahaysi la khan Crimean ah. Sidaas daraaddeed in guusha aan ahaa inuu mudnaan. Sida Taliyaha muujisay failure dhamaystiran Yuri Khmelnitsky, siyaasaddiisa uu ku guuldareystay, ammaanta aabbihiis mar dambe loo hubiyo yaabaa sumcadda hetman bangiga midig. Sidaa darteed, dhamaadka 1662 lagu qasbay in ay iska dhiibto awood ay guushu ku Colonel Pavla Teteri, oo wuxuu noqday wadaad ka yar magaca walaalkiis, Gidcoon.

jirey

Laakiin tan keenta mashaqada ina Bogdana Hmelnitskogo ma noqotay cidhibtii. Paul Teteria bilaabay inuu ka shakisan tahay ee doonaya in ay mar kale dhacaan ee Hetman iyo Jury sidaas daraaddeed xabsi ee 1664 qalcaddii Lviv. Kaliya dhimashada Hetman Khmelnytsky ee 1667 ka dib, wuxuu la sii daayay galay duurka, oo waxay bilaabeen in ay ku noolaadaan guri keniisad Uman.

ka qeyb qaadanaya golaha Cossack ee 1668, Yuri Khmelnitsky markii hore taageeray orientation ka pro-Turkish ah hetman cusub bangiga xaq-Peter Doroshenko, kuwaas oo qaatay dhalashada urub, laakiin markaas u dhaqaaqay dhanka ah ee uu soo horjeeda Mihaila Hanenko.

In mid ka mid ah dagaallada la Yuri tataarka uu qabtay wuxuu u diray Istanbul. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xabsi ku Turkish for Hetman hore ahaa mid raaxo leh.

mar hetman

Ka dib markii Peter Doroshenko diiday Hetmanate oo ku biiray dhalashada Ruush, waxa caddaatay sababta Turkigu waa daacad u ah Yuriyu Hmelnitskomu. Sultan arkeen sida musharax gurmad jagada of Hetman. Indeed, marka laga eego ee Turkigu, waxaa haboon booska this ina Bogdan. sifooyinka Yuriya Hmelnitskogo ogolaan in la yidhaahdo in ay tani noqon doonaa gebi ahaanba bukay u dhaqmaan line, taas oo loo baahan yahay Turkigu, maxaa yeelay, isaga si dhib leh filan karo wax tallaabo madax banaan.

Sidaas daraaddeed, in 1876, Yuri waxaa mar kale loo magacaabay Hetman, wakhti this by Sultan Turkish ah. Waxa uu ka qayb-galay ololaha ka dhanka ah Chigirin Turkigu, ka dibna uu magaalada joogitaanka of Nemiroff sameeyey.

dil

Aan awoodin in dhab ahaan u maareeyaan dalalkan Yukreeniyaan, Yuri Khmelnitsky bilaabay in uu abaabulo fulinta maadooyinka isaga u gaar ah. Dhacdooyinkaasi waxay lagu tilmaamay in a sawirka iftiin xun Yuriya Hmelnitskogo. boqornimadii muddada gaaban ee Hetman dhamaaday 1681, markii Turkigu isaga mid ka mid ah jasiiradaha Aegean soo diray.

Waxa jira aragtiyo sida ay taas Yuri Khmelnitsky Hetman loo magacaabay by Turkigu mar - in 1683. Laakiin sidoo kale uu sii Xadgudba, sida ka hor. Tani waxay kaga cadhaysiiyeen Turkish Pasha ah, kuwaas oo keenay in George Kamenetz-Podolsk, halkaas oo uu fuliyay 1685.

sifooyinka Guud

nolosha halkii adag iyo naxdin ku noolaa Yuri Khmelnitsky. Biography Warbixinta Gaarka ah ee shaqsi this waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay noo by. Waa inaan sheegaa in taariikhyahanadu ugu heshiiyaan in ay ahayd, nin daciif-doonana faraxsanayn, muddo dheer isku dayaya in ay jirey. Waxaan dhihi karnaa in Yuri Khmelnitsky ahaa plaything ee danaha siyaasadeed shisheeye. Tani ma saamayn laga yaabaa inuu soo gunaanadeen, taas oo keentay in dhamaadka nolosha ee maadooyinka rigoore aan sal lahayn.

Isla mar ahaantaana, waa in aan idhaahdo weli waxaanu garan yar oo ku saabsan ujeedadii falalka ninkan. Xitaa marka la eego si uu u dhinto, uu jiro khilaaf ka dhex taariikhyahanadu.