Jacobin talisnimada

In xagaagii 1793 kacaanka ee France ayaa galay wajigii sare oo uu. Yimid in ay awoodda siyaasadda ugu xagjirka ah, guddiga ka mid ah taas oo hoos u baxay sidii kaligii Jacobin ah ee taariikhda. Waxay soconayay oo keliya hal sano ah, laakiin inta lagu jiro waqtigan ay awoodaan in ay sameeyaan wax badan.

Soo socda si ay awood iyo dagaalka ka dhanka ah isla dhexmarayo

May 31 ee Paris kacdoonkii ka qarxay saboolka ah. Waxaa la madax wakiillo ka socda kooxaha siyaasadeed ee ugu xagjirka ah ee Heshiiska - Jacobins ah. Waxay ahaayeen oo ay taageerayaan saboolka reer magaalka iyo reer miyiga, wakiilada bourgeoisie ee yar yar. dhismaha baarlamaanka Faransiis baxay kooxaha ugu tunka weyn, indhaha in xigeen go'aansaday on qabashada Girondins on 2 June - ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda ee Jacobins ah. Tan iyo markii dalka la aasaasay a nidaam siyaasadeed oo cusub.

Jacobins ayaa raajiyey xoog ah ilaa hal sano. Muddadan ee France, isbedel badan ka dhacay. Xaaladda gudaha dalka iyo dibadda ahaa sida in u muuqatay in kacaanka oo ku saabsan in la baabi'iyay waa. Ciidamada wadamada Yurub joogay soohdimaha Faransiis: waqooyiga - ka Austrians iyo Prussians, oo ku yaalla koonfurta - Spain, iyo dardartay xeebaha raxan Ingiriisi ah. In gobolka of Vendée kacdoonkii ridayeen karaya, madax gobta dibedda. Xaaladda dhaqaale ee dalka ayaa ka sii dartay: qiimaha cuntada oo kordhay, isla dhexmarayo curisey. Xaaladahan oo kale waxa loo baahan yahay hordhaca ah ee tallaabooyin degdeg ah, iyo Convent ee Jacobins ah cadaadis tegey waxaa loogu talagalay. Bishii September, sarkhaansan yihiin yaraanta hadhuudhka, waxay uga gudubtay sharciga ah oo ku saabsan samaynta qiimaha ugu badan ee ay badeecooyin ugu muhiimsan. Waayo, xad gudub ku ah ciqaabta dilka isku halleeyeen.

dibuhabaynta of Jacobins ah

Bishii October 1793 waxa lagu ansixiyay dastuurka Faransiis, taas oo ahayd ugu horumarsan ee ay waqti. Waxay soo bandhigay universal xilldhibaan oo ragga ay gaadhaan 21 sano oo xuquuq siman fadilnaa kuwa codeeyaan iyo kuwa si ay u codeeyaan. Law, jidhka dejinta iyo dhaqan galay oo kaliya ka dib markii ay ansixiyaan dadka. Laakiin xaqiiqadu, dastuurka ee France ee 1793 iyo ayaa bilaabay in ay shaqeeyaan. SOFHURA, Jacobins keentay dalka iyadoo la kaashanayo xeer xaalad degdeg ah - amarrada lahaa ciidanka sharciga. Kaasi waxa uu ahaa kaligii Jacobin ah - nidaamka dowladda, taas oo Baarlamaanka waxaa la riixayaa asalka, laakiin awoodda dhabta ah waxaa iska lahaa meydadka fulinta - guddiyada.

halbowlaha ee kacaanka ahaa isku duba riday, sidaas darteed dawladda cusub resolutely hirgalinta habaynta waaxda beerolay. Horeba June 1793 dalalkan oo la wadaago ayaa lagu wareejiyay qastaan, oo dhan culaabta dhulgoosadka hartay iyo waraaqaha ka markhaati furay iyaga ugu bixisay in la wada baabbi'iyey. Dhulalka ay lahaayeen dadkii gobta ahaa iyo sheekh, ayaa la wareegay. Haddaba qastaan u noqday milkiilayaasha buuxa oo ay dalka. Oo in kastoo ka baxsan in kaligii Jacobin ma tegi on su'aasha beerolay, qaar ka mid ah sharciyada, kuwaas oo horay u ku arzuqnay taageero beeralayda kuwaas oo doonaya in ay difaacaan kacaanka gacmo gacmihiisa ku jira.

Wax badan ayaa laga sameeyey ciidanka. Sarkaal ahaayeen kuwa isaga qudhiisa ku kala duwanaayeen in kiiska, iyo ma lahayn sharaf leh asalka ah. In meel oo ka mid ah saraakiisha jir ka mid ah dadka dhallinyarada ahaa yimaadeen. Waxay ahayd waqti in uu mustaqbalkiisa Napoleon Bonaparte, kuwaas oo soo bandhigay uu xirfadaha urureed ee qabashada Toulon bilaabay. Jacobins u suurtagashay in ay dajiyaan caasinimo ee Vendee ah. oo cadaawayaashiinna dalka dibadda ayaa ku eeliyey. Bishii June 1794, ciidanka kacaan adkaaday Austrians ee Fleurus, isagoo soohdinta Faransiis.

The argagixisada iyo dayrta

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kaligii talisnimada Jacobin ku lahaa cawaaqibka ay negative. Hogaamiyaha Dawladda Kacaanka ah ee Maksimilian Robesper iyo taageerayaashiisa ma ay xishoon warbaahinta, arrinkaas cadaawayaashooda. Argagixisada ka dhanka ah Girondins iyo taageerayaasha boqortooyada waxaa sharci ah laga sameeyey. Bishii September 1793, waxaa jiray amar in loo ogol yahay in ay qabtaan dhammaan dadka looga shakisan yahay. Laakiin cabsi ugu weyn howlgal gaaray June 1794, qabatimo in markii amar soo bandhigay fikrad cusub - ka "cadowga dadka", taas oo ka dibna u bartaan nolosha cusub ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. qeexid cad cadaawayaashooda kan waa in la tixgeliyaa, dokumentiga ma aydnaan siin, laakiin iyaga habaysaa si ay ciqaab - ciqaabta dilka. Talaaboda galay si buuxda aan macquul ahayn u soo jeestay, waayo, qof ku amray ahaa gudoonka xeerbeegtida ku filan. About wax qareeno hoose xitaa ma ku riyoon kari. Sidaas Jacobins xanaajiyeen la ruxruxo ee argagixisada taabtay kun oo qof.

xadhiga baahsan, lid ku ah filayo, masuuliyiinta ma iyada cadaawayaashiinna ilaaliyo, laakiin aloosnayd kaliya dayrta ee kaligii talisnimada. The ugu fiican u-off layers, koray hodan inta lagu guda jiro Revolution waxay ahaayeen qanacsanayn amarka cusub, oo iyaga dulqaadan kaliya ilaa ay maray khatarta ah ee qabashada. Miskiinka, kuwaas oo ilaa dhawaan keentay Jacobins si xoog, ayaa sidoo kale ka sasay by argagixisada iyo qancin ay siyaasad nus-qallafsan - sharciyada on gacanta ku qiimaha si adag xadgudbay, dalkii tan iyo colka kacaanka kala wareegeen, oo aan ka mid masaakiinta u qaybiyeen. dhammaaneysa ee kaligii talisnimada Jacobin ahaa inqilaabkii July 27, 1794, markii ay caawa ee Heshiiska ansixiyay go'aanka si ay u xiraan iyo fulinta Robespierre iyo taageerayaashiisa. Si dhakhso ah waxaa la fuliyay, oo wuxuu u yimid inuu awood u wakiillo ka bourgeoisie weyn.

Qaar badan oo ka mid ah dib u habaynta ku, Jacobins ayaa la buriyey, iyo in -1795, wuxuu u yimid inuu awood dawladda cusub - tusaha. In France, aasaasay cusub nidaam siyaasadeed, ka tarjumaysa danaha kuwa ka dhigay maal lagu jiro Kacaanka.