Edgar Degas: Biography, shuqullada ugu caansan. Edgar Degas - rinjiile Impressionist Faransiis

In si demoqaraadiyad ah ee qarnigii XIX ee France ee asalkiisu ka soo jeedo dhaqdhaqaaq farshaxanka, kuwaas oo wakiilo ka dhex dareenkaa ay soo Dagdagaysa ka dunida ka baxsan ayaa damcay inuu gaaro sawir more dabiiciga ah iyo cad ah oo uu. Waxaa magaca ka aragti impressionism erayga Faransiis helay - aragti ah. Mid ka mid ah wakiilada ugu qatarsan ee habkani ahaa rinjiile Edgar Degas, shuqulladiisa oo cutubka cusub ee dunida ka mid ah rinjiyeynta furay.

jiidashada Carruurta la rinjiyeynta

artist Future waxa uu ku dhashay 1834 in Paris galay qoys hodan ah, kaas oo lahaa oo xididdada laandheere. Magiciisana waxaa ku qoran - de Ha (walxaha "de" waxay muujinaysaa sharaf asal a), laakiin in da'da ka weyn sarkhaansan Edgar ka buuxsanto fikradaha bulshada taas waa ay isbedeshay in ka badan dimoqraadi ah - Degas.

Xaraaradda for sawir iyo rinjiyeynta ka dib, wuxuu ku muujiyey da'da hore, laakiinse aabbihiis - Tababaraha kooxda iyo wada-milkiilaha of mid ka mid ah bangiyada waaweyn PSG - ma la wadaago ina xamaasad ah, sii sheegay qareenkiisa mustaqbalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax u ogolaanaya qofka dhalinyarada ah uusan daryeeli ku saabsan kibis maalin walba oo ay iyo in waqtiga oo dhan oo uu uga sooco, si uu hiwaayad. Sidaas on shuqulladiisii hore. Edgar Degas, sida laga soo xigtay cilmi, mar hore wakhtigaas muujiyeen sameeyaan, perfectionist mustaqbalka, si joogta ah kaga dayanayaan sawirada iyo isku dayaya in ay iyaga ugu soo celiyaan si kaamil ah.

Xaraaradda ugu leh shuqulka Ingres, iyo bilowgii daraasadda

Biographers ayaa xusay in ku dhex uu mar walba uu jecel yahay ee sayid aqoonsan yahay ee burushka saameyn weyn ku Degas lahaa Zhan Ogyust Engr, si ay u hal-abuurka, kaas oo ku dul shuqullo iyaga u gaar ah ka tagay ay ku ganaya. Edgar Degas at da'da labaatan sannadood, bilaabay waxbarashada uu rinjiyeynta in studio ka mid ah mid ka mid ah ardayda ee uu ku dayan - lui Lamota, hadda illoobeen, oo sannadihii kuwa ku riyaaqay caan ballaaran.

Iyada oo ku nool Paris, Edgar waqti badan in ay hoolalka Louvre halkaas oo farshaxankiisa koobiyeynta by sayid jir ah, isku dayayaan in ay fahmaan waxa qarsoon ee ay tahay kharash gareeya. Lahaanshaha awood dhaqaale oo ay u safraan, waxa uu sidoo kale booqday matxafyada ugu fiican Italy, halkaasoo uu kula kulmay ku masterpieces ee Sweden rinjiyeynta ee Renaissance Talyaaniga - Giotto, Ghirlandaio, Bellini, Mantegna iyo fannaaniin kale oo noqon Calaamooyinka xilligii ugu fiicnaa ee fananka la daawado.

tallaabooyinka u horeeya ee

Degas soo laabtay Paris, ayaa noqonaya qofkii uu studio u gaar ah, kaas oo inta badan ka shaqeeya on abuurista Wehbe oo farshaxankiisa ku saabsan mawduucyada taariikhiga ah. More in Florence uu soo saaray farshaxankiisa badan, taas oo artist dhallinyarada qabsatay qoyskiisa Talyaani, kuwaas oo hoteelada ku riyaaqay muddo dhawr bilood ah. shuqullada Kuwaasu waxay ahaayeen caddeynta dhalashada a portraitist sayidkiisa cusub.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in ay si demoqaraadiyad hore, Ujeeda ugu weyn ee uu shaqada diiradda canvases taariikhiga Degas oo rajeynaya inuu gaaro magac iyo aqoonsi. Waxa uu ku qoray taxane ah oo farshaxankiisa ku saabsan sheekooyin qadiimiga ah iyo Dr Makumbe, laakiinse iyagu ma ay kuwa Liibaanay. Waxa uu noqday marmarsiinyo in ay ka hadlaan failure ee artist ee ku sifayn this.

Waxaa laga yaabaa in sawirada farshaxanka oo keliya si dhab ah baaluq, Degas abuuray ee Warega of demoqaraadiyad ah, waxa loo arki karaa sida sawirka ka mid ah qoyskiisa Fiorentine - qoyska Belleli, waxay ku soo laabtay Italy bilaabay, oo ku dhameysatay kaalinta uu ka soo laabtay safar. Tani waa a shiraac size waaweyn on taas oo tirokoobyada ka muujinayaa dhererka buuxa, waxa uu ku daray waxyaalaha aasaaska ah ee dugsiga classical ah rinjiyeynta, iyo qaar badan oo ka mid ah jilayaasha qoreysa matalaad macquul ka dhigay in cusub ee waqtiga caadada iyo farshaxanka.

Aqoon Impressionists ah

Runtii tub shaqada artist ee a bilaabay in 1861, markii uu la kulmay mid ka mid ah Aasaasayaasha ee curdinka ah waqtiga Impressionism Eduardom Mane. Thanks isaga si, Degas biiray goobada Ranjiilayaasha kuwaas oo Koox kastaha qaar in this arrimuhu ku cusub tahay. Laakiin in kasta oo ay jagooyin caadi ah, ka mid ah taas oo meel muhiim ah oo degan diidmada tahay waxbarasho ee rasmiga ah, iyadoo goobaha ay ku hawshooday oo aan Noolayn, la isbarteen cusub Degas helay iyo khilaafaadka qaarkood.

Si ka duwan badan oo Impressionists ah, ma uusan doonayn inuu shaqeeyo hawada furan - bannaan, ka fiirsaneysa in ay baaba'aan dareenka. Artist doorbiday istuudiyaha, halkaas oo xaaladda ogol yahay hab ka badan oo maskax iyo miyir abuurka rinjiyeynta ah. Maadooyinka shuqulladiisa waxaa intooda badan la xiriira dunida opera, masraxa iyo kafeshantanov.

Kale, farqiga more muhiim ah oo hal-abuurka Degas ka saaxiibo cusub ka shaqeeya, waxa uu ahaa u doonaya in ay abuuraan shuqullada hanuuninta bulshada, unvarnished muujinayay in nolosha oo ku wareegsan. Waxaa la xusay in haddii Impressionists ayaa diiradda lagu saaray nuurka (tusaale ahaan dhalaalaya waa rinjiyeynta of Monet iyo Manet), farshaxankiisa by Degas dhigeysa xoogga badan oo ku saabsan dhaqaaqin.

Qaar badan oo ka mid ah dadka dhaleeceeya keentay falan sida uu tahay in impressionism, laakiin waa in ay tixgeliyaan in sare isku shuruud isku dayayaan in ay kala qaybiyaan ah fanaaniinta iyo shuqulladii ay Hababka galay. Edgar Degas kiiskan oo keliya Suu caadi ah ku muujinayaa tahay khaas ah oo uu waqti, oo ka dhigaysa in ilaa xad sool iyo shaqsi.

Franco-Prussian War iyo sannadaha soo socda

Qasab ah in ay jebiyaan shaqada artist ee waxaa sabab u ahaa ka dillaacay ee 1870, ee Dagaalkii Franco-Prussian. Degas iyo sidoo kale in uu la shaqayn jiray fanka ee Manet, iskaa wax u qabso ah u tageen inay hore, halkaas oo uu marka hore u adeegay in ciidankii lugta ah, ka dibna waxaa loo wareejiyay madaafiic ah. Ka dhigista lagu dhamaadka colaad, ayuu si ehelkooda diray 1971, horeysay ee Britain ka dibna on line ee hooyada America.

Marka labo sano ka dib Degas soo laabtay France, wakhtiyada adag bilaabay isaga for. Aabbihiis maray, tegaayo ka danbeeya deymaha la taaban karo. Si loo ilaalin sumcad qoyska, Edgar iyaga bixinaya iibiyaan ma aha oo kaliya soo ururiyey in ay ururinta qoyska ah farshaxankiisa by sayid jir ah, laakiin sidoo kale guriga qoyska. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee uu noloshiisa uu lahaa si ay u helaan nolol.

Ka qayb qaadashada bandhigyo

Sida kaliya ee soo baxay xaaladda this ahayd isku day ah in ay iska iibiso shuqullo iyaga u gaar ah. Edgar Degas in labada sano ee soo socota, waxa uu noqonayaa xisbi toddoba bandhigyo by saaxiibbadiis rinjiile impressionist abaabulay, iyo, sida uu shuqulladiisa guulahaas oo kale la iibsada iman kara, waxay bixisaa deymaha. Isla mar ahaantaana, uu si fiican u noqday kuwa loo yaqaan mid ka mid ah Ranjiilayaasha ugu caansan uu waqti.

Ka shaqeeya u heelan yihiin inay theme of ballet ah

shuqulladiisa loo qaybin karaa meelaha mowduuc dhowr, mid ka mid ah oo si weyn lagu marsiiyey by dadweynaha, waxa uu ahaa image ee goobaha ballet in lagu soo bandhigay iyaga nimco, laakiin aan lahayn sentimentality aad u badan. Haddii shaqo ee ka horreeyay, oo uu taas xiddigaha ballet ku taswiiran ee classic ah, laakiin wax garad nolosha oo sawirka, ugu ekaa daboolida majaladda, qoob Degas fiiriyey dhalaalaya oo dabiici ah, la abuuro dareen ah nimcada nool. Waxaa ka mid ah shuqulladii ugu caansan ee wareegga this - "The Class Dance" (1873), "cayaare masraxa" (1879), "The qoobka ku tababarasho" (1879) iyo "Blue Ciyaar hiddaha iyo" (1890).

Muuqaallo ka kafeshantanov Life ee

mawduuc kale oo uu ku qoray shuqulladiisii Edgar Degas, wuxuu ahaa nolosha kafeshantanov PSG. Meel jecel halkaas oo uu ka helay maadooyinka for farshaxankiisa, wuxuu ahaa Monceau park, toban sano ka dib markii Degas gabyi shuqullada Toulouse-Lautrec. kafeshantannoy ula kaca nolosha dimoqoraadiga ah, mararka qaarkood la'aanta on vulgarity, jiidatay artist ah.

Waxaa la og yahay in Degas ma siiyaan doorashada si ay hay'adaha gaarka ah. Waxaa si siman diyaar u ah inay ka qayb-heerka ugu horreeya, iyo cafe a on the-Champs Elysees, iyo Makhaayadood shaki Belleville. Halkan ayuu ka abuuray goobta aad u dhegeysiga maleeyeen ladafayo ka nolol laftiisa. Qaybtan waxaa ku farshaxankiisa farshaxanka ugu caansan "Concert ee Cafe ah" (1877), "Fanaanada ayaa la gashi ah" (1878) iyo "Fanaanada masraxa" (1877).

shuqullo kale ee farshaxanka

Edgar Degas tahay taas oo keeni isaga si fiican u yaqaan, shaqo badan iyo in sifayn ku filan gaar ah oo isticmaalaya pastel a - Tifaftirayaasha qaab Midabka dar midab yar dheeriga ah ee koolo. Farsamadan aan si gaar ah u adag, ogol yahay si loo gaaro ka soo dhalaasho oo u ageegi wiilal ee codadka. Waxay ku riyaaqay halka badan fanaaniinta-impressionists.

nooc ka mid ah taabtana "eller" weheliso metrik hodan kahaayeen of Degas ogol yahay in la abuuro shuqulladiisa a jawi midabo gaar ah. Waxaa ka mid ah shuqulladii ugu caansan fuliyay farsamo this, waxaad wici kartaa rinjiyeynta "Blue Ciyaar hiddaha iyo" kaydiyaa Moscow ee Museum of Fine Arts magacaabay ka dib markii Pushkin.

Kala duwan ee Degas Art

Marka ay timaado in sayidkiisa weyn oo wejiyo badan, ka dibna waxa ay mararka qaarkood waa ay adag tahay in la kala saaro oo dhan shuqulladiisa by sifayn. Edgar Degas la xiriira this category ee fannaaniinta ka tagay dhaxal hodan ku ah beeraha kala duwan ee farshaxanka. Waxa intaa dheer in farshaxankiisa saliid iyo pastels, ugu caansan ahaayeen uu daabacayaa iyo sawiro. Waxaa la og yahay in la jir, artist ka bilaabay hortiisa laga badiyay iyo doorbiday farshaxan ah. dhoobada iyo nuurad ku shaqaynta, ayuu inta badan waxaa lagu hanuuniyey by taabashada - gacmaha indhaha uu bedelay.

nolosha artist Marxaladaha ee

Ma noloshiisa qaaska ma diyaarin, Edgar Degas dhowrkii sano ee lasoo dhaafay oo keliya ku qaatay. Waa ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba indhaha la ', oo waxay isagii u diiday fursad ay ku sii wadaan shaqada. Nasiib wanaag, baahida qalab ee artist ee aan soo maray tan iyo ammaanta iyo warkiisiina wuxuu ogol yahay in ay iska iibiso qiimo aan horay loo arag, waayo, waayahaas ka hor inta aysan shaqada bilaabeen.

Edgar Degas, kuwaas oo Biography waxaa lagu tilmaamay in maqaalka, ummad taktay, September 27, 1917. In uu safar ugu danbeysay galbiyeen dhowr ka badbaaday dheeraad ah fanaaniinta la shaqayn jiray, oo iyaga ku dhex Klod Mone iyo Jean-Louis Forro. At aaska ayaa ku hadlay hadal dheer - ayaa la codsaday in maalmaha ugu dambeeya ee Edgar Degas qudhiisa.

Works, liiska oo galay fund ee dahab ah ee farshaxanka dunida

Years maray. Eegaysana waqtiga bilaabay inuu la gartay in qaab cusub, shuqullo badan abuuray ee la soo dhaafay. Edgar Degas iyo shuqulladiisu waxay ahaayeen mawduuca daraasadda of farcankii taariikhyahanadu tahay. arts ayaa waxaa lagu soo bandhigay maanta ee matxafyada ugu fiican dunida oo waa kibirka ku ururin gaar ahaaneed ugu weyn.

Magacaabin Degas waa wax aan macquul aheyn in la qiyaaso horumarka farshaxanka Faransiis ah iyo kuwa caalamiga ah ee saddexaad ee la soo dhaafay oo ka mid ah XIX iyo qarnigii XX hore. Maanta, ee hoolalka of Louvre ah fanaaniinta yar yar kaga dayanayaan farshaxankiisa iyo sidoo kale sanado badan ka hor, oo uu ku shaqeeyo, tarmo shuqullada sayid jir. Dadkaas iyaga ah, dugsiga waa inuu naftiisa qaaliga ah, oo ay tahay, shuqulladaada oo dhan. Edgar Degas kasbatay noqday mid ka mid ah fanaaniinta aad u fiican dunida.