Kacaanka Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich: Biography, taariikhda iyo xaqiiqada xiiso leh nolosha

The mustaqbalka kacaan Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich ku dhashay August 15, 1887 in beer yar Caune Latvia. waxay ahaayeen labadiisii waalid yaroow caadiga ah. waxbarashada wiilka ayaa waxaa ku koobnayn labada fasalada dugsiga kaniisadda. At da'da 18 sano, Ian biiray RSDLP xisbiga iyo ka dib soo horjeestay fekerka ah ee Mensheviks ku biiray Bolsheviks ah.

kacaan Junior

Dhalashada Rudzutak ahaa Latvia ah, sidaas shaqada xisbigiisa ayaa inta badan waxa ay la xiriira oo dalkiisii hooyo ee uu. Markaasuu wuxuu soo kaxaystay magaca hoostiisa Pumpur Vindavsky iyo madax RSDLP ah guddiga maxalliga ah. Ururku waxa uu si degdeg ah helo xoog iyo sii kordhaya. Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich mas'uul ka ah gaadiidka Latvia buugaag sharci-darrada ah, qoraalo, hub, wargeysyada dacaayad in la keenay on doonniyo waxay ka dibadda ku hoos gambanaya arimo ah ee alaabta ganacsiga.

Ma waxa oo dhan hore u mar hoos ku dhintay kacdoonkii koowaad ee 1905-1906. dhaqdhaqaaqa badan oo waqtiga la xiray, oo booliisku ay sii waday in ay baadhaan inteeda kale oo ka mid ah Bolsheviks, caan ku ah inuu booskiisa xagjirka ka dhanka ah maamulka. Iyada oo qorista haweenka beerayna wakiilada kacaan oo ka mid ah booliska qarsoodi ah u suurtagashay in ay marka hore hesho on raad, ka dibna soo dhex Guddiga Vindavsky ah. In 1909 Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich ayaa la xiray laguna xukumay muddo 15-sano oo xabsi ah.

1917 wuxuu ahaa

Bolshevik, sida badan oo saaxiibo uu ku dhaedo, waxaa ka hor waqtiga sababtoo ah Revolution February iyo cafis ku xiga sii daayay. Marka on baxsan, Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich isla markiiba ku biiray ay horey u yaqaan isaga si uu shuqulka xisbiga. Waxa uu noqday macallin ka ah Xafiiska Gobolka Moscow ee Soofiyeedku. Shaqada ugu muhiimsan ee kacaan ahaa in la dhiso xiriir la ururada shaqaalaha ee dharka ee Gobolka Badhtamaha warshadaha. In deegaanka this, ka Bolsheviks proletarian ahaayeen cadhoodaan gaar ahaan dhamaystiran.

Si dhakhso ah Jan Ernestovich Rudzutak loo doortay xoghayaha ururka shaqaalaha ee shaqaalaha dharka ee gobolka Moscow ka. Waxa uu soo abaabulay weerarka ugu weyn ee 1917, taas oo bilaabay on 21 October. Tani waxay soo horjeedo xaalad shaqo oo xun waxaa ka soo qaybgalay 300 kun oo shaqaalaha. tallaabo Iskuxidhka keentay in la joojiyey saarka Shuya, Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Kostroma, Kineshma, rooga. Dhowr maalmood ka dib markii dhacdooyinkan, taageerayaasha Lenin ee martigeliso inqilaab ee Petrograd. About isbedelka xoogga ee magaalada Rudzutak, kuwaas oo ahaa in Moscow, waxaan bartay on telefoonka. Bolsheviks oo gacanta ugu dhakhsaha badan aasaasay Carshiga koowaad.

Shaqo ee Golaha Dhaqaalaha Sare

In May 1918, Yang Ernestovich Rudzutak noqday xubin ka mid ah Presidium Golaha Dhaqaalaha Sare (Council Dhaqaalaha Sare). Isla mar ahaantaana wuxuu bilaabay inuu keeni waaxda dhar ah. Ka hor inta xubin ka mid ah xisbiga wajahay caqabad halis ah - si loo soo celiyo shirkadaha joojiyay. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay lahaayeen in la qarameeyo. amarada New diyaariso ma aha oo dhan, si shaqo ee Golaha Dhaqaalaha Sare jiray kasii darto oo aan istaagin. Dhibaatadu ma ahayn oo keliya la'aanta ah ee shaqo. Aan unugyada cusub waxa ay ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn in ay ku riday ciidamada cusub ee abuuray Red.

Markii dawladdu ay si Moscow, shirarka Golaha Dhaqaalaha Sare mararka qaarkood lagu qabtay Kremlin. On mid ka mid ah Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich (kacaan, sida ka soo horjeeda sare ee xisbiga, ayaa marnaba ku noolaa dibedda) la kulmay Vladimir Lenin. Laba Bolsheviks dhaqso ugu soo heshay luqadda caadi ah. Wax yar ka dib, Lenin taageeray hindisaha Rudzutak, jeedinayso sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee suurtogalka ah rekvisisjon dhar ah, waxay ahaayeen in gacmaha ganacsato iyo capitalists weyn. Golaha Dhaqaalaha Sare, ka dibna, sida in wada, sababta oo ah dagaal sokeeye la raadiyo, go'aamada ay qaadeen ciidamada.

In Central Asia

In 1922, ka dib guuldaradii of cad iyo dhismaha awoodda Soviet inta badan Yan Ruush Empire ku Rudzutak hore loo diray Asian Bureau Dhexe ee Guddiga Dhexe ee CPSU ah (b), halkaas oo uu ka noqday xoghayaha. In gobolka this weli dareen wadaninimo xoog leh. Basmachi mar dambe ma ay halis ku xukuumadda cusub, si kastaba ha ahaatee, xilliyo weerarka cutub oo Army Cas. Beeraha joogay fisheen ah. The asaaska dhaqaalaha Central Asian ahaa suuf, laakiin sababta oo ah dagaal iyo halligaad waxaa isaga ka dhigay ku dhowaad beero lahayn.

Waayo, xal u hesho dhibaatooyinka oo dhan oo wuxuu qabsaday Ian Ernestovich Rudzutak. Biography ee kacaan waa mid aad la mid ah taariikh nololeedka ee Bolsheviks kale ee la ruxruxo ugu horeysay. Iyada oo ku xidhan Dufcaddii amarrada, si joogto ah ayuu jagooyinka iyo takhasuska hawlaha bedelay. Waxay ku taallaa bartamaha Asia, waxaa xilliyo gaar ah oo ku saabsan arrimaha ganacsiga booqday Moscow. Sidaas daraaddeed, in 1923 uu ka qayb qaatay XII Congress ee xisbiga. In Bukhara, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan si loo soo celiyo waaxda beeraha iyo nolol dib ugu dabcan nabad keeno. Si taas loo gaaro, waxaa curin subsidization dhaqdhaqaaqa iskaashi in loo ogol yahay masaakiinta in ay qaataan deyn iyo dib u dhiska dhaqaalaha.

Dadka commissar of Tareennada

In 1924, Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich (1887-1938) ka helay shaqo cusub. Waxa uu noqday Dadka commissar of Tareennada. Ka dib markii Dagaalkii Sokeeye, dalka waxaa hadhay la dhacsan, madhay iyo waxyeelo gawaarida iyo tareenada, oo aan hor istaagi karay load iyo ku tiirsan inta badan ka mid ah si ay. Mid ka mid ah saddex-meelood meel ka mid ah buundada Soviet Waxaa la wada baabbi'iyey. qeybtii kale oo loo baahan yahay in la bedelay, ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in isgaarsiinta, kuwaas oo la dhisay qarnigii XIX oo horay huriye.

Waxa kale oo ay ahayd lagama maarmaan si ay ugu bedesho 15 000 kiiloomitir ee tareenka. Xalka dhibaatooyinka oo dhan iyo bilaabay Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich. The hawlaha commissar Shacabka ayaa helay muhiimad weyn u nolosha waddanka oo dhan. Under ka hanuunsan, ayaa loo abuuray nidaam maamul tareenka midaysan. Sida ganacsi oo Dawladeed, in geedi socodka badan ee xafiiseed iyo cajalad cas, taas oo ka dibna ku riday ilaa dagaalka.

Dib u soo celinta xidhiidhka Soviet

Hal sano ka dib markii uu xafiiska, Yan Rudzutak awoodaan in ay isku dayaan baxay tareenka ugu horeysay gudaha naaftada dhisay Leningrad. hab cusub oo ah gaadiidka ahaa wax badan ka dhaqaale badan lagu daydo loo isticmaalo ka hor. In 1926, gaadiidka by rail markii ugu horeysay dhaafto tirada pre-dagaal.

Intaa waxaa dheer, mas'uul ka ah Shacabka Commissariat of Communications ahaa line webiga iyo raxan badda iyo tartanka kale. dekadaha badan ayaa la burburiyey iyo tiimbadeen maraakiibta. Sababo la xiriira dhaqaale la'aan Rudzutak si adag u taageeray dhismaha doonyaha webiga yar in ay ahaayeen dhaqaale oo la awoodi karo raxan weyn. In 1927, Dadka commissar of Tareennada soo jeediyay inay bilaabayaan dhismaha ee canal Volga-Don. Laakiin in aan ahaa oo dhan. Sidoo kale in gobolka Rostov waxaa la qorsheeyay in si qotodheer Don ah, in weelasha badda ee ay gaari karaan webiga aagga of-soo-saarka hadhuudhka (hadhuudh hadhay qayb muhiim ah ka dhoofinta).

At madaxa Control xisbiga

hawl badan dhala, taasoo keentay Rudzutak sida commissar, ma keeni karta in ay u kaca si tartiib ah kor u sallaan mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ka. In 1931 wuxuu noqday guddoomiyaha Guddiga Bolshevik ku Control Dhexe. jidhkan ayaa mas'uul ka ah anshaxa xisbiga. Keentay in ay gacanta ku Yana Rudzutaka istaagay Valerian Kuibyshev iyo Grigory Ordzhonikidze.

Xafiiska, iyo waxyaabo kale, waxaa ka mid ahaa xafiiska cabashooyinka ah, kaas oo la helay cabashooyin ah shirkadaha ka shaqeeya. hawlaha hay'adaha, kuwaas oo ku siin kormeerayaasha qaranka. Waxay u fiiriyey fulinta dhirta Lenin iyo lahaayeen si ay u cirib-xafiiseedyada duurka ku.

qabanqaabiyaha tayo leh

shaqada CCC noqday gaar ahaan muhiim ah inta lagu guda jiro laba qorshe ugu horeysay shan sano. Tusaale ahaan, in 1933 dhibaatooyin la siin ee ore, dhirta steel ugu weyn dalka ayaa bilaabay. Hoos u wax soo saarka ee beeraha ee Kuzbass iyo Krivoi Rog. Waa Commission Central Control heli kari waayey iyo abaabulo kaydka dhaqaalaha iyo in la simi baxay saamaynta xun ee xiisadda.

Rudzutak, maamushaa hababka oo dhan, waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd in ay ku riday ugu fiican ee awoodooda. Friends xusay in guriga uu lahaa maktabadda weyn, halkaas oo uu ku Nagi badan oo uu waqti free. Inta badan guddoomiyaha Guddiga Dhexe Control uu xiiseynayo suugaanta dhaqaalaha, dhaqaale iyo mid farsamo.

Xarig iyo dil

Masiirka ee Yana Rudzutaka ahaa la mid ah qaddar ee qaar badan oo ka mid ah asxaabta ugu horeysay ee Bolsheviks uu ku biiray xisbiga ka hor kacaankii oo qabsadeen posts dawladda iyo xisbiga muhiim ah in USSR. In 1937, uu la xiray. Xeer-ilaalinta ayaa waxaa ka mid ahaa basaasiin Germany iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa Trotskyist counterrevolutionary. Dublad for Rudzutak yimid markii uu joogay uu dacha. Ian Ernestovich aamusnaan fadhiistay in gaariga, ka dib markii aan nin kale arkay.

Hore ee commissar lagu toogtay July 29, 1938. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa dhibanayaal badan oo cabsi Stalin wuxu noqday. saraakiil sare oo badan ayaa markaas ku dhamaaday iyo sidoo kale Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich. Qoyska marxuumka ka dhigay dhaqan celinta ee 1956 ka dib markii xisbiga XX Congress.