Formation, Story
Kings of France. History of France. List of ciqaab Faransiis
Boqorrada France ayaa toos ah ugu lug horumarinta this dalka weyn. Its taariikhda taariikhda dib u BC ugu horeysay Millennium. Markii hore, in dhulka dawladda casriga ah waxaan ku noolaa qabiilooyinka reer Celts ah, iyo tiro badan oo ah deegaanada Greek ku yaal badda xeebteeda taal. Sida laga soo xigtay ilo qadiimiga ah, ku dhowaad waqti isku mid ah Yuliyu Tsezaryu uu karin inuu hoosaysiiyo dhulka deggan Gauls ah. Taliyaha weyn xataa siiyey magaca dalalkan soo kabsaday - Gallia Komachi. Ka dib markii dayrta ee France ee Rome ayaa lagu beddelaa gobolka diyaar, oo ay, markeeda, ayaa si degdeg ah bedelay Franks ah.
taariikhyahanadu version
Currently u aqbalay in French mustaqbalka soo gaaray gayiga Western Europe ka Badda Madow. Markaasay waxay bilaabeen inay dhulka dad ka bangiyada aad ee Rhine ah. Marka Julian Franks siiyey dhul ballaaran dalka, xamaasad yar ma waxay bilaabeen inay sahamiyaan dhulka koonfurta. By sannad-aad 420 ka mid ah inta badan Franks ka gudbeen Rhine ah. Hogaamiye ahaa Pharamond.
Haray on baananka, oo waxay raggii River ee Florel hogaaminayo wiilkiisa Chlodio. Waxaa uu aasaasay boqortooyada Franks ah. Caasimadda ah ee lagu dhawaaqey Turin. Wiil yar oo tobanaan sano Chlodio go'aansaday on formation of line reer boqor. Magaciisa ninkan - Degmooyinka iyo xubno ka mid ah guri ammaan ah sameeyay waxay bilaabeen in loogu yeedho Merovingians ah. Taasi waa sida sheekada asalkiisu ka soo jeedo boqorradii dalka France.
horumar dheeraad ah
In qarnigii shanaad Korol Hlodvig ugu horeysay si weyn u balaariyay oo faran lahaanshaha. Hadda waxay kordhin u Loire iyo waxba reebin ah. Boqorrada France noqday taliyayaashii ka buuxa oo dhan sare iyo dhexe Rhine ah. In 469 Clovis go'aansaday in la beddelo diintiisa. Isaga iyo maaddooyin badan oo uu noqday dadka Masiixiyiinta ah. Waxa uu ka caawiyay in ay kor u qaadaan dagaalka ka dhanka ah taliyayaashii ka barbariyiintiina, kuwaas oo iyaga la kaxaystay faasiqnimo. dhimashada Boqorka dalka uu ka guulaystay ka dib markii lagu kala afartiisii wiil. Ka dibna, oo durriyadii Clovis kordhiyay ay awood ku Gaul, Bavaria, fahm iyo Thuringia.
ururka
Mid ka mid ah boqol iyo konton faran gobolka dib ay midnimada dhuleed. Clotaire II - King geesiga reer France, kaas oo ku fashilmay in ay ogaadaan in si fudud aan ugu dhici waayay in la sameeyo ka horreeyay uu. Marka xooggiisa ahaa boqortooyadii ugu badan ee ururka siyaasadeed ee la taliyayaal badan, oo markii danbe helay horyaal ee dacwadood. Oo haddana wuxuu noqday taliyaha Dagobert I.
Nasiib darro, iyo wiilashiisii ma gelin qalbiga awoodda dawladda, laakiin maxaa yeelay, ka dib dhimashadii aabbihiis territory si adag midaysan ayaa waxaa mar kale loo qaybiyaa afar qaybood. Markaasuu raacay taxane ah oo dagaalo sokeeye, maxaa yeelay, Faracoodii ma go'aansan kartaa in kuwa heli doonaa. Maadaama uu si joogto ah oo faran dirir xukunta Bavaria, fahm, Thuringia, iyo Aquitaine lumay.
daraysa
In qarnigii toddobaad, waxa uu ahaa cad in boqorrada dalka France ayaa si degdeg ah u qaataan jagooyinka ay. Waxay mar dambe iska lahaa awoodda dhabta ah. Kelyaha xoogga gacmaha duqa madaxtooyada mareen. boqorrada Last, kuwaas oo waxaa iska lahaa guri ammaan ah Merovingian, Faransiis ah naftooda loo yaqaan "caajis". Waqti ka, jagooyinka noqday duqa madaxtooyada dhaxlay. All yimid garawsannay in ay guri ammaan ee ay awoodda qabsatay la boqorka.
Marka tan la eego, qaylo ah isaga qudhiisa sheegay in taliyihii qalcadda ee Pepin of Herstal. In 680, gacmihiisa gudbeen maamulka saxda ah ee boqortooyada Frankish oo dhan. By waqtiga waxaa la isku daro dadaalka boqorka rasmi ah Theodoric III.
ah ee guri ammaan cusub
In 751, Pope Zachary codsaday inay duqa magaalada qasriga Pepin. Waxa aanay suurtagelin aan laga badin this of Lombards ah. In shukriya caawimaaddooda Zachary Pepin ballan qaaday taajkii boqornimada. Sarkaal hore ee waqtiga taliyaha Childeric III lahaa in uu iscasilo.
Sidaas waxaa jiray labada boqor ee dalka France, oo ka dhigan guri ammaan ah Carolingian. Waxaa la magacaabay ka dib markii Karla Velikogo, kan ahaa ina Pepin Short ka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xitaa ka hor soo galo Charles carshiga reer aabbihiis si dib loo soo celiyo boqortooyada Frankish ah, ayaa mar kale ku guuleysan Aquitaine iyo Thuringia. Intaa waxaa dheer, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay ku tuuraan baxsad ah baadiyaha ah, kuwaas oo degan Gaul, oo waxay qaadan doonaan Septimania. Waxaa la dhigay aasaaska wanaagsan horumarinta iyo barwaaqada ee boqortooyada.
Karl - King of France, kan kara inuu gaaro xitaa more. Waxa uu si weyn u balaariyay soohdimaha dalka. Sidaas oo faran gobolka waqooyi-bari ahaa in la kordhiyo si ay Elbe ah, xagga bari - in Austria iyo Croatia, ee koonfur-galbeed - u North of Spain, iyo koonfur-bari - u North of Italy. Muddo ka dib, Pope Leo III caleemo saaray Charlemagne sida boqor Roman.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, jiritaanka boqortooyadiisa ma dheer socon. Rule lahaa oo kaliya Louis Pious ah (ina Charles). uu dhintay ka dib, la dhaxlay isku raacay in saxiixa Treaty of Verdun. Tani waxay dhacday sannaddii 843. Sayidka, Karl boqortooyadiisa waxaa loo kala qaybiyey saddex qaybood - Sh Xasaan Xuseen, East Francia (ka dib Germany) iyo gobolka West-Frankish ah (France casriga ah).
Wakiilka ugu danbeysay ee guri ammaan ah Carolingian - Louis V ah - 987 ku dhintay. dhaxla Direct aan la, sidaas darteed, guulaysteen by qaraabo fog boqorka - Gugo Kapet. Wuxuu ahaa Tirinta Duke of Prague oo Faransiis ah. Boqortooyada cusub kulmay taageerada sheekh ah. Tan iyo waqti in, gobolka ayaa helay magaceeda la joogo - France. Waxaan ku dhashay guri ammaan cusub - Capet. wakiilkiisa garoomada dalka ku dhawaad sideed qarniyo (at Valois iyo warsan xeebtaha Bourbon).
Isbedelada dhan
Change taliyayaashii keentay in isbadal ah nidaamka siyaasadeed. France ayaa u soo jeestay galaan xaalad ah classic dhulgoosadka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, King qaddar ahaa la mahdin: hoos amar toos ah ay ahayd meel yar oo u dhow caasimada - Paris. Dhammaan gobolada kale isaga la xiriir wiilkaagiiba ah. Inta ka baxsan kontoroolka ah taliyaha dhulka waxa uu ahaa qaniga ah iyo awood badan boqorka badan. Taasi waa sababta aan ninna xataa ku riyoon jiray foodda la fallaago soo horjeeday taliskii jira.
muddo muhiim ah
qarnigii sagaalaad iyo tobnaad, waxay noqdeen durkin ah dalka. Muddadan, on xeebta waqooyi Faransiis bilaabay inuu ku beeran u tiro badan Viking. Waxay aasaasay Duchy of Normandy, iyo ka dib isku daygii qabashada Paris, laakiin in waxba idiinma tarin. Warlike Vikings suurtagashay in ay caddayn in England ee 1066, William (Duke of Normandy) suuragashay in ay qabsadaan carshigii English. Later uu aasaasay guri ammaan Normans ah.
qarnigii laba iyo tobnaad
Henry II - taliye xigmad leh Ingiriisi kuwaas oo maamula si ay u noqdaan sayidkaygiiyow dhulgoosadka ugu qani ah. Waxa uu Safaro joogto ah oo aan marnaba loo soo celiyay ay meesheeda dabka iyo guriga gacmo madhan. Intaa waxaa dheer, wuxuu ka dhigay qaar ka mid ah guurka aad u faa'iido iyo guulaystay Normandy, Aquitaine, Brittany iyo Guyenne. Submitted isaga oo gobolka ka mid ah Anjou in. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhaxla taliyihii weyn ku heshiin waayeen on a awood-qaybsi. Dirir sababa daciifisa ee gobolka. Faransiis King Philip ka faa'ideystay xaaladda. Waxa uu ka guulaystay dhowaad dhammaan gobollada. Under maamulka of England ceshan Guyenne kaliya.
qarnigii saddex iyo tobnaad
qarnigii Tani waxay ahayd nasiib France. Boqorrada France, kaas oo liiska la dheereeyey oo dhan, u suurtagashay in ay askareeyaan taageerada popes, ka dibna geesinimo jeestay tamartaa ay ka gees ah kufaar Cathar. Sidaas darteed, Languedoc la guulaystay, laakiin Flanders ma qaadaan.
qarnigii afar iyo tobnaad
In 1314 waa la ag maray Philip Fair - Boqorka France ka guri ammaan Capetian ah. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa saddex wiil iyo hal gabadh. Isabella u suurtagashay in ay guursato Edward II - taliye Ingiriisi. Nasiib darro, oo dhan oo ahaa wiilashii Philip waxaa u dhashay gabdho oo keliya, si France wajahay dhibaato saldanadii, marka ka soo farcamay reer lab helay nasasho weligeed ah.
Gobta lahaa in ay doortaan oo taliye cusub. Waxaa soo baxay si ay u Filipp Valua. Edward Saddexaad - ina Isabel - isku dayay in uu racfaan ka qaato go'aanka, laakiin Law Salic ku saabsan kala iibsiga ee carshiga dhex line dumar ah gebi ahaanba la mamnuucay. Natiijadan ayaa waxa uu qanacsanayn ahaa Years War Boqol. Success ka dibna la socday France, ka dibna England. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, la hubin waayay markii ciidankii la wareegay majaraha Taliyaha tayo Henry V. Isla mar ahaantaana carshiga reer France Charles IV ee tegey, si fiican u yaqaan si uu u dheelitir la'aanta. Faa'iidada Military ugu dambeyntii waxaa loo qoondeeyey British ah.
1415 waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by guuldaradii ciidamada Faransiiska ee Agincourt. Heinrich V triumphantly galay Paris. boqorka ayaa lagu qasbay in ay qirtaan dhaxli maayo wiilkayga ee Henry shanaad ee.
In 1429 wuxuu ahaa caleemo saaray Charles VII. Wuxuu waxaa lagu tiriyaa leh ururka Faransiis. Tan waxa u sabab dunida, lasoo gabagabeeyay iyadoo Charles of Burgundy. In 1437, uu ku soo laabtay Paris ee 1450 - Normandy ee 1453 - Guyenne, in 1477 - Burgundy, ka dibna Brittany. Kaliya Calais hadhay xukunkii Ingiriiska.
Francis - Boqorka France, kuwaas oo kor u carshiga ee 1515. Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa Tiri Angulenskim, ina adeerkiis ah ee Louis tobnaad ee. taliyihii ku baaqay in dib qandaraasyada lasoo gabagabeeyay iyadoo Henry VIII. The King of Navarre ayaa loogu tala galay in boqortooyada Castile in reconquer iyo qaadan Duchy ee Milan, oo taageero ka Venice. Intii uu isaga hoggaaminayay, isgoyska of waadi ee grand Argentiyskoe in Italy waxaa loo sameeyey. Warriors wareejiyo madaafiic on gacmihiisa kaqarxay dhagaxyada oo ay sameeyaan. Francis u suurtagashay in ay ku guuleysato Savoy iyo Duchy ee Milan. Iyada oo xilli boqorka loo yaqaan geesi dhab ah. xitaa wuxuu bilaabay inuu barbar Kaysar.
Henry 2 - King of France, kuwaas oo boqornimadiisa bilaabay bishii Maarso 1547. Waxa uu isku dayay jiray cayn kasta oo siyaabo in laga takhaluso Protestant.
Markaasaa boqorkii dalka France, Henry lahaa mid dhaxal leh. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waqtiga dhimashada aabbihiis isna wuxuu ahaa toban sano oo kaliya jir. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, uu kor uguma carshiga Karl 9. The King of France uu ahaa xubin la soo dhaafay ee panulirus ku Valois. Ilaa 1563 hooyadiis - Ekaterina Medichi - dhaqmeen sida Ninkaas. Boqortooyada Charles Ninth la calaamadeeyay by dhacdooyin badan oo murugo leh, oo ka mid ah dagaalladii sokeeye iyo St. Bartolomayos (xasuuqii mass of Huguenots ah).
Ka dib markii ay ka imanayaan Habsburgs in ay dhibaato xoog bilowday dalka. Inta lagu jiro toobadda ah, Brotestanka kordhiyay tirada. Waxana si, waxaa jiray socdeen dhexeeya wakiilada ayaa ceegaagta bulshada kala duwan. "Ogaysiiskani of dulqaadasho leh", waxaa la go'aamiyay in la daabaco, waayo, dib u soo celinta nabadda. Iyada oo sharciyada Henry Saddexaad. Wuxuu dhintay isagoo 1589. Waxa uu lahaa ma dhaxla, sidaas carshiga Genrih Navarrsky (afaraad). Waxa uu ka leexiyo iimaanka Protestant in galaya dhaqaaqay si looga fogaado dhiig. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si deg deg ah loo joojiyo mucaaradka uusan weli dhacay.
qarnigii XVII-XVIII,
Muddadan dalka la aasaasay absolutism. Ka dib markii Louis 13, ayuu kor uguma carshiga Louis 14 King of France xoogaystay dhulka ku Aaminto isaga. Dalku waxa uu noqday ugu awooda badan ee Yurub. Waxaa kor u kacay ay sabab u dheer ee Burgundy, West Flanders iyo Artois. muuqaalka kore ee degaanadii ugu horeysay ee North America iyo India ayaa sidoo kale Louis 14 King of France dhisay qorshayaasha Imperial hami, laakiin War toddoba sannadood iyo muran ee Succession Austria uma ay oggolaan isagii si loo gaaro la doonayo. Sidaas darteed, gacanta oo dhan deegaanada lumay.
In 1715, kor uguma carshiga, Louis 15 - King of France, kuwaas oo waxaa iska lahaa guri ammaan Bourbon ah. Waqtigaas wuxuu ahaa sano kaliya shan jir. taliye Young qaaday daryeelka ee boqorka Filipp Orleansky. Wuxuu ka dhanka siyaasadda ee Louis 14, si isbahaysi la England ahaa iyo baxeen inay la diriraan Spain. Xataa ka dib da'da awood taliyihii dhalinyarada ku hadhay gacmaha adeerkiis Philip. In 1726, Louis 15, weli shaaca ka qaaday in ay qaadataa kelyaha ah, laakiin dhab ahaan dalku ku soo jiray garoomada by Cardinal Fleury. Tani waxay socotay ilaa 1743. Ogsoonow in boqortooyada xiga ee Louis 15aad ee dalka ugu xun u saameeyeen.
dhammaadkii qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad calaamadsan bilowgii wax Nuurin la'aantiis ka. France wuxuu ahaa in gacmaha Boqortooyada. Siyaasadda boqorka cusub - Louis XVI - keentay in xiisadda dhaqaale, cunto yaraan iyo hoos u beeraha. Sidaas darteed of dhaarinta ee Shaqaalaha Guud (1789), awood u ahayd in Golaha Qaranka. xubnaha ahaayeen ay guushu ku baabiiyo of xuquuqda dhulgoosadka, laalista oo ka mid ah dadkii ku abtirsan iyo wadaado ah oo dhan mudnaanta, iyo sidoo kale ka kaxayntu ay of Church ee ka arrimaha gobolka.
dalka waxaa loo kala qaybiyey waaxaha (total 83). Korol Lyudovik cararay, laakiin waxaa qabtay oo ku soo laabtay dalka. horyaalka ayaa ka mid ah King of France, uu ka lumay. Waxa uu qayb ahaan oofin awood u magacaaban: Louis la siiyey horyaalka oo ahaa boqorkii dalka Faransiiska. Waxa uu diiday dhowr amarrada cusub, laakiin helin taageerada dadka. Soon Louis lagu eedeeyay khiyaano qaran. Waxa uu toogasho ku 1793.
On jidka loo maro dalka
Waddamo badan, oo uu hoggaaminayo guri ammaan boqornimada, diriray France. In 1799, hoos amarka afgambi military grand Napoleon Bonaparte ayaa waxaa soo abaabulay. Tirada dadka u ganay this waxaa la kulmay ansixiyo sababta oo ah dad rayid ah ay horey u halkii ay ka daaleen dagaal ka joogto ee magaalada mar ku xasilloon.
Sida ay natiijada Afti la qabtay ee 1802, Napoleon la siiyey horyaalka noolaa of Qunsulka koowaad. Waxa uu si deg deg ah ula macaamilooteen oo dhan soo horjeeda oo helay awood aan xad lahayn. Dalku wuxuu noqday boqortooyo. In 1804, Napoleon waxaa loo caleemo saaray. Soon ee Austerlitz iyaga looga adkaaday ciidamada ee Austria. In 1806, Faransiis ku siiyey in Prussia.
Canugii la guul ah Napoleon sheegay in xanibaadda qaaradda of England. In 1807, British ayaa ku baaqay in gargaar ka Russia. Napoleon, ma aysan dhibin, uu xiiso u aqbalay koox cusub oo dhul baaxad weyn, taas oo go'aansaday in la qaato wax kasta oo ay ahayd. In xilliga dayrta ee 1812 Ciidamada Faransiis hadda ku sugan Moscow. Waxa ay u muuqatay in Russia ayaa ku soo dhacay. Laakiin Kutuzov soo baxday in ka xigmad badan tahay Bonaparte. Sidaas darteed, ciidanka Faransiiska ayaa guuldarro burburiyo. From ciidammadii mar waaweyn jajabka raxiimka.
In 1814, France ayaa layga tegey taliye aan - Napoleon casishay. Waxaa la go'aamiyay inuu ku soo laabto kelyaha awoodda in gacmaha Bourbons ah. Waxa uu noqday boqorka Louis XVIII. Waxa uu sameeyay dadaal kasta si loo soo celiyo si hore, laakiin Faransiis waxay ahaayeen gebi ahaanba ka soo hor jeedda. Markaas Napoleon, ururinta kun oo ciidan, u baxay inuu dib xoog. Waxa uu ahaa awoodaan in ay fuliyaan qorshaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, at kulanka of ciqaab ee Vienna, waxaa la go'aamiyay in taajkii ka qabqablayaasha hami qaado. In dhamaadka, Napoleon waxaa loo musaafuriyay ee jasiiradda of St. Helena.
Boqorrada France, liiska oo ka dib markii Bonaparte weli buuxsameen, garoomada xaalado aad u adag. Sidaas daraaddeed, Napoleon II lagu afgembiyey maalmo yar ka dib markii laga fuulo oo carshiga, Louis Philippe lagu qasbay inuu si degdeg ah ka laaban horyaalka sharafeedka oo wuxuu boqorkii dalka Faransiiska, balse ma Faransiis noqday. Napoleon III loo qaaday maxbuus Prussia iyo dejiyey. Mas'uuliyiinta ayaa mar labaad wada joogeen in ay sovereigns, laakiin dalab ay dejiyeen carshiga reer binu Charles X, Henry V iyo Philip VII ma inay dhexdooda heshiiyaan awood. taliyayaashii taajkii waxaa lagu iibin qaybo ka ee 1885. France waxay noqotay Jamhuuriyad.
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