Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich: Biography gaaban. The pilot dagaalka ee Soviet halyeeyga

June siddeedaad fog iyo abbaarta sagaal boqol iyo labaatan, aqal ee Obrazheevke - tuulada Hlukhiv degmada ee gobolka Chernigov - dhawaaqay qaylada ilmaha dhashay. Boy magacaabay Vanya (Ivan). Labaatankii sano, iyo in gobolka loo yaqaan Union of Jamhuuriyadaha Soofiyeeti Socialist ma ka heli doonaa qof kii aan ogayn goorta iyo meesha uu ku dhashay pilot Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. Biography kooban oo ka mid ah ka qayb galayaasha ka mid ah War World Labaad iyo dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic ku jira xaqiiqooyin iyo yaabiyo cid kasta oo danaysa xeelad dagaal hawada ka mid ah dalalka isku dhaca lagu hoobtay oo keliya dhacay qarnigii XX ah.

In samada, guriga

At hore, Ivan Kozhedub ma ahayn tan iyo wakhtigii hore ee Patriotic War weyn, iyo bishii March ee 1943. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, duuliyaha maamula si ay u muujiyaan geesinimo sida, geesinimada, wanaagga dagaalka in uu noqday saddex jeer Hero of Midowga Soofiyeeti. Xataa in nabadda, dalka qiimeeyo ee mudnaanta darajo pilot of "Air Marshal" (1985) ee.

Kozhedub IN Waxa uu la cadowga la diriray oo qayb ka ah ciidamada huwanta. The pilot WWII ugu waxtarka badan loola cararay si ay u qabtaan hawlgallada dagaalka 366 jeer, ka adkaaday 120 dagaalo hawada, hareen 62 diyaaradaha Nazi.

AC dhuftay diirada lagu daabaco isticmaalaya cadowga qaladaad yar. dhab ahaan ku dhacaa goolka laga qabto mid ka mid ah diyaaradaha. Mashiinka Kozhedub ay dhacdo in this ahaa invulnerable: xataa dhaawac halis ah, waxaa had iyo jeer ahaa "garabka". asxaabta Dagaalka ayaa sheegay in isaga oo ah: "In samada, guriga."

Laba taariikhaha dhalashada

qof Cameroon Ivana Kozheduba, awoodda uu si aad u hesho hab ka baxay xaalad kasta oo la dhigay carruurnimada hore. In qoyska, baaqbaaq dalka, koray shan carruur ah. Aabbaha (hore ilaaliye) carruur korisay adag, maamula sacrament in ay hore u shaqeeyaan.

Horeba jir Vanya 5-sano ah aan ku socday habeenkii si ay u ilaaliyaan beerta. Madaxa qoyska ogaa ilaalinta noocan ah ee caawimaad yar, laakiinse rumeysan yahay in baaritaano sida xoojiyo dabeecadda, bartaan in ay ka gudbaan dhibaatooyinka. Later, wiilka caawiyay socdo adhijirrada dadka waaweyn daaqsin (wuxuu ahaa underherdsman). Shaqada aan ka baqay, u maleeyay: jidka ag marayay.

In 1934, wiil 14-sano jir ah ayaa dhameystirtay tababarka ee dugsiga miyiga. Laba sano ka aqoonta bartay rabfak (shaqaalaha macalimiinta diyaariyo shaqaalaha iyo beeralay si ay u bartaan dugsiga sare). In 1936 wuxuu maray baaritaano galo ee College of Technology Chemical (Shostka) ah.

Xusid mudan, si aad u hesho kulliyad galay, dhallintaada da'da kordhay laba sano. Waxaa jira cadaymo muujinaya in Kozhedub IN Ma Dhalan June 8, 1920, iyo July 6, 1922 In 1939, pilot mustaqbalka bilaabay waxbarashada uu Shostka duulaya kooxda. biplane badan loo guuleysto U-2.

samada safka hore

tababar dhameystiran Kozhedub College fursad u lahayn - bilowgii 1940, injineerka kiimikada mustaqbalka ahaa Army Cas (the Workers military 'iyo beeralay' Army Red). Masiirka isaga Jid kala duwan u soo diray, si dayrta ee sannaddii afartanaad Ivan Nikitivich helay "qolof ah" (shahaadada) Chuguev Military Aviation Pilot School (March 1941 School of duuliye). Sida ardayga ugu fiican waxaa hadhay ee dugsiga sida pilot macallin, barayay bilowga ah.

Laakiin hore, sidoo kale, ay u baahan yihiin Xarakada muhiimka ah sida Kozhedub Ivan Nikitovich. Biography kooban oo sheegay in 1943 uu u soo diray inuu dagaalka Division 302-aad, in ay Front Voronezh ah. Sayidka waxaa uu bilaabay shaqada sanam a military qarniyo badan ee deggan ka mid ah USSR iyo Ruushka.

In dagaalka ka horeysay ee uu diyaaradaha La-5 burburay - ka Jarmal "Messer", laakiin waqti isku mid ah - ka Arsenal lidka diyaaradaha Soviet, taasoo keentay dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee Kozhedub ahaa dhul diyaaradda ay waxyeello awoodaan. Waxaa muuqatay in uu mustaqbalkiisa duulimaadka waa in ka badan, ayaa si dirqi ah bilaabay. Laakiin taliyaha guutada Freshman taageeray ah, isaga fursad ay isku caddeeyo in dagaallada ku xiga la cadowga siiyey.

July, 1943

Diyaarad ugu horeeyay ee Nazi toogtay hoos Kozhedub noqday U-87 ( "Junkers"). Real qaaday lixaad ee July 1943 inta lagu guda jiro dagaalo kulul at Kursk. On 7 July on account of Ivan waxaa ku qoran kale "Junkers" iyo laba maalmood ka dib - 2 BF-109 dagaalyahan (Messerschmitt Bf.109, ama Me-109).

taariikhyahanadu Military go'doonsan iyo faah faahsan u sharax afar tallaabo geesinimada aasaasiga ah ka dhigaya Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. Biography Warbixinta Gaarka ah ee isaga in dhacdooyinkan waa sida soo socota. camal ugu horeeyay ee geesinimada ku taariikhaysan soddonaad September 1943 maalin dayrta Tani, jeestay diyaarad lagu jiro dayactirka Ciidamada Soviet gudbaya Dnieper ah, Ivan ayaa layga tegey si buuxda galmo (oo aan iyaga u gaar ah), laakiin ma cabsi.

Ogaanaya "Junkers", ayuu u Dhumban on diyaaradda badan loo of Luftwaffe ah, galay unit cadowga kala jejebiyey. Ruxayso geesinimada ah ee xiddiga ah Soviet, naasiga oo joojiyay qaraxii, tegey difaac. Waxaan tirinta ahay on in Ivan Kozhedub, feat a kaas oo uu sameeyay taariikhda. Isticmaalka xaqiiqada ah in mid ka mid ah Ju-87 jiido kooxda iska baabbi'iyo soo horjeeda gebi ahaanba niyad jab.

October 1943

October Saddexaad 1943 sagaal dagaalyahan-hal engine La-5 (oo ay ku jiraan diyaaradaha Kozhedub) daboolay bannaan ee hawlgalka milatari ee bangiyada ee Dnieper ah. Duuliyayaasha arkay daruuraha column "laptozhnikov" ah (naaneesta ah siiyey Ruush "Junkers-87").

Kasta 9 qarax oo cadowga qarinaysay intii lix ka mid ah dagaalyahanada "Me-109." Waxa ay u muuqatay in ay samada oo dhan buuxiyey. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in ciidamada ay ahaayeen kuwa aan qummanaynu, Ivan Nikitivich geesinimo hugaamiyey shan La-5. cadowga ma fileynin qadar durbadiiba of diyaaradaha Soviet awoodaan in ay si dhab ah ay waajahaan ay Armada uga yaacday ilaa noqon doontaa, laakiin ka buuxay.

A dhowr daqiiqo ka dib markii weerarka bilaabeen, dhulka burburay laba kaliya "Junkers". diyaarado kale oo ka mid ah sagaal ugu horeysay si degdeg ah siiyey a "reverse". Mudo yar ka dib u gurteen iyo 2aad sagaal Ju-87. Duuliyayaasha Soviet adkaanayn xoog, iyo xirfad geesinimada ekaan, aqan.

Xad-dhaaf ah "si aad u hesho iska" gaariga kor loogu qaaday oo waxay u leexatay galay waxba Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. Biography kooban oo ka mid ah uu duubay in uu gashaday "dhibic baruurta" dagaalka ka dhanka ah ee qarax quusto Nazi.

February, 1945

bishii labaad ee jiilaalka ee 1945 waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by dagaalo on oder ah. Sida loo kala saaro ee hawlgalka Vistula-oder Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich? Biography kooban oo geesi ah oo ku jira macluumaad sida. In ka badan cirka pilot oder ah mid ka mid ah ugu horeysay ee taariikhda dunida ayaa hoos u keenay jet cusub "ME-262". oo isaga ka horreeyey inuu ku guuleysto baabuur Luftwaffe design cusub ee qof ma noqon karaan.

Waxaa dhacay sidan oo kale. sagaal February Kozhedub iyo xaaskiisa Dmitry Titorenko, laga helay sare ah oo saddex kiiloomitir ee diyaaradaha aan la garanayn. Waxa uu u duulay xawaare xitaa xadka cusub ee "La 7" (dhamaadka 1944 Kozhedub noqday ku xigeenka. Taliyaha Ilaalada 176 th IAP., Taas oo bishii adage ee xagaaga wuxuu ahaa dagaalyahan ah, "La 7", mashiinno dhowr ah design ugu dambeeyey ).

Kozhedub ogaaday in xiddiga Jarmalka dabacsan, maxaa yeelay, baabuur umado "si dhakhso ah iftiinka badan" iyo meesha bannaan ee hoose waa laga tegi karaa qaban. pilot Soviet kulmay gaadiidka cadowga kooras isku dhac, oo uu La-7 dagaalyahan toogtay "Jarmal" xaq u hooseysa "caloosha".

Titarenko ka dibna bilaabay rasaas aad u dhakhsaha badan, laakiin weerarkii lagu qasbay in cadowgu ku soo leexda, ku meel gaar ah "aamusan" Kozhedub in go'aamiyey natiijada guul. Marka masaafada waxaa uu hoos ugu suurtagalka ah ugu badnaan, Ivan rasaas ku fureen, jabiyo Waxyeelo "mucjiso."

April 1945

Bishii labaad ee guga guuleystay Ivana Kozheduba go'aansadeen in ay "cabsi" xulafada - Maraykanka. pilot jaahiliinta Kozhedub, ayaa difaacay American ah «B-17», isaga otpugnuv laba ka tirsan Jarmal. Laakiin ku dhawaad isla markiiba soo gaaray weerar xoog badan oo ka fog. Yaa toogtay - hadda ma cada in dagaal aad u kulul. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, labada diyaaradood aan la aqoonsan ayaa la beegsaday at burburinta mashiinka dagaal Soviet!

Seereed, Ivan Nikitivich, u baxay inuu hal dhinac oo isaga reebtay. Kale oo dhoola (Kozhedub u muuqdeen in ay sabeyn Samada), shot - oo dhulkay ku ah weeraryahanka labaad oo caynkiisa dhacay. Sida ka leexatay, adkaaday noqday Air Force Maraykanka, "Mustangs." Xulafadooda sharaxay ay fal oo sirreyda ahayd in "qalad ayaa ka dhacay."

Dhab ahaantii, taageerayaasha dagaalka ka dhanka ah naasigii go'aansaday si aad u hubiso Kozhedub jabin karin "xoog." Oo markaas ma niyad jabin feat badbaadada Ivan Kozhedub xitaa in xaaladaha ugu lama filaan ah waxa loo arki karaa weli xaqiijin kale oo dhab ah in uu run ahaantii waa nin geesi ah.

afterword

Sidaas daraaddeed inta diyaaradood toogtay hoos Kozhedub? Oo ay weheliyaan sokeeye "Mustang" - 64. Kozhedub IN waxaa la guddoonsiiyey sharaf sare gobolka hooyo, oo ay ku jiraan Order of Lenin (4), Flag Red (7), Red Star (2), Alexander Nevsky, heerka Dagaalkii Adduunka, iwm, iyo sidoo kale amarada shisheeye .. ku dhintay Kozhedub siddeedaad August 1991. meel xabaaleed - Moscow, qabuuraha Novodevichy ah.