Difaaca Arctic. Bilad Polar difaaca

In taariikhda difaaca War World Second Arctic ee waqtiga hore ee dagaalka waa mid aad u kala duwan oo ka soo hor imaad la cadowga ciidamada meelo kale hore. Waqooyiga, in la barbardhigo meelaha kale ee soohdinta, Ciidanka Red cadowga siiyey oo kaliya meel aad u yar. Ciidamada Our si firfircoon difaacay, mararka qaar xitaa counterattacking.

dhicin dagaalkii

Nazi Germany, qorsheynayaan in ay weeraraan Midowga Soofiyeeti, hogaaminayo horumarinta jiho oo kala duwan. Tirada meelaha sida oo waxay galeen waqooyiga ee dalka, oo ay ku jiraan Peninsula Kola ah. Dagaal ka qarxay meelo kuwa bilowga ah ee dagaalka iyo ilaa dayrta ee 1944. The weerar ugu weyn ee cadowgu qabsadeen xerada reer Lugbuur North iyo Karelia. Intaa waxaa dheer, oo waxay lahayd si ay ula dagaalamaan ciidamada badda ee Northern Fleet ah, ee ku sugan meelaha hore-line.

War ay soo Arctic ee maalmood June ee 1941. xad degmada Soofiyeeti ee Army Waqooyiga wakiishay Hoggaanka Wehrmacht Nazi Jarmal "Norway". Ciidamada waxay lagama maarmaan u ahaa in uu abaabulo soo gaartay ciidamada Soviet iyo qabashada Murmansk, raaceen by xad badan Peninsula Kola ah.

hawlgal weerar ay taageereen Armada hawada ciidanka Jarmal 400 diyaaradaha. In waqooyiga Norway ee magaalooyinka dekedaha leh ee lagu saleeyay 5 dooman'ka, 6 quusta. Ka sokow waxaa la qorsheeyay in ay ku lug 15 markab oo qabtay Norway.

Ciidamada Red

Ciidamada Kuwani hor Army 14aad ee Ciidanka Cas. Waxay ka koobnayd jirka yar, laba kooxihii lugta gaar ah iyo isu-qaybinta hawada. From badda, taageerada la siiyo Northern Fleet. Caqabadaha soo rogeen ka qaybgalayaashu of Arctic Difaaca ahaa cover a xadka waqooyiga iyo guuldaradii in la gudbo xagga hore cadowga, 550 km u ballaaran.

Khadadka Border Ciidanka Cas la abuuray jihada of Murmansk, halkaas oo line ugu weyn ee difaaca on webiga Zapadnaya Litsa. Her difaaca qayb ka mid ah lugta Division 14 th iyo 52-aad xajin.

In alla intii saddex daafac la dhisay jihada Kandalaksha ah. Sababta noocan oo kale ah dhismaha qoto dheer ee degaanka of qaababka dagaalka ee Ciidamada Soviet ahaa ugu muhiimsan, oo ay weheliso la'aanta goobaha wanaagsan loogu talagalay qabashada difaaca, garabka furan difaacayaasha iyo khatarta ah ee ay caymiska cadowga. difaaca Waxaa la dhisay on width ee ilaa 30 km. cufnaanta awood yar tahay halkan - oo ku saabsan 9 qori iyo 22 taangiyada halkii 1 km. Jarmalka wuxuu lahaa awood sare oo ka badan. Shaqaale iyo madaafiic ay lahaayeen 2 jeer oo kale diyaaradaha - afar.

shaqo joojin marka hore

Saameynta jihada Murmansk, ciidamada Jarmal dhuftay in toddoba maalmood gudahood ka dib markii dagaal ka bilaabay. Isagoo ku qaatay diyaarinta madaafiic iyo cirka hawada, cadowga soo weeraray horyaalka ciidanka Soviet at width hore ee ku saabsan 35 km. In hal maalin, cadowga weerar aysan awoodin in ay sii 8-12 km, halkaas oo uu ku joojiyay. Sayidka bilaabay difaaca gobolka Polar.

isku day labaad si ay u weeraraan

Ka dib markii jidhka abaabulaan "Norway" July 7 tegey on weerar. Part gudbay Litsa reer galbeedka oo si qoto dheer daalaeday amarrada daafaca ee lugta Division 52aad. Sababo la la'aanta ah ee kaydka ciidanka Soviet abuuray xaalad adag. Isku dayga in dadka laga jeediyo wayntii hore ee ciidamada cadowga, Taliyaha ciidanka badda ee degay malochislenny, diisan garabka ee cadowga. Saamaynta ma aha raagay. Haddii aan og ciidanka dhabta ah ee badda, cadowga Tuuray xakamaynta of dhan 3aad Guutada, waqti isku mid ah dabciyeen ciidanka duwanyihiin. Qaybo ka mid ah lugta Division 52aad ee ku guulaysteen in ay dagaallada daafaca ugu adag hoos xirtaan cadowga, ka dibna Dabcan ee counter-attack, oo ay taageerayaan ku baabbi'in lahaa "Uritsky" iyo "Kuibyshev", dib u riixaan in cadowgu ku ay hore.

July 11 cadowga dib u bilaabay ficilka weerar. Waxa uu ahaa awoodaan in ay jabiyaan amarrada daafaca ee Division 52aad, laakiin iska caabin ah madax Ciidamada labada maalmood ee bilawga cadowga gudahood ka caawiyay in ay joojiyaan. Xitaa inta lagu guda jiro in falalka muhim ah counterattacking mahad toddobaadkii, in lagu qasbay in ay ka baxaan in ay asal ah.

Khashkhashaan weerar July ka caawiyay badda, kuwaasoo soo degay dhexe ee July iyo bixisay weerar garabka horumarinta ciidamada cadowga. Waxa uu ahaa awoodaan in ay layska illowsiiyo ciidamada cadowga waaweyn.

dagaal dayrta

cadowga khasaare culus ee dagaalka July iyo badiyay badan oo ka mid ah qalabka ciidamada. Tani dhigay in cadowgu ay si degdeg ah loo xoojiyo kooxda, xuddun ee Arctic ah. Bishii August, SS halkan 6,500 qof oo ka mid ah soo gaaray. habeynta lagu sameeyay iyo ciidamada qalabka sida Soviet ee Arctic ah. Iyada oo ku saleysan Northern Front ayaa la abuuray Karelia iyo Leningrad dhamaadka August.

September 7 ciidamada faashistihii mar kale weerar ka dhan ah kooxihii lugta our. Waxay ku guulaysteen in ay Goldogob Division 14 th iyo xirto wadada u dhaxaysa Murmansk iyo Dugsiga Sare ee Western, taasoo carqalad ku sahayda cuntada iyo joojiyo in ay qaxidda.

Gelida kaydka

Xaaladda qasbay amarka aan sugin dhismaha Qaybta 186aad lugta, wayna dhaqaaqi dagaalkuu dhex galay. On September 15, kacday xaq qayb ka March oo dagaalkaan dhex gelayaa, joojinta horay cadowga.

September 23 Division 186aad, xoojinay by tiro ka mid ah regiments lugta, guuldareystay, keenaya counterattack ah oo ku saabsan ciidamada cadowga ku jebiyey oo waxaa isaga tuuraya in la baabi'iyo horumar degdeg ah iyo soo celinta safka hore. Difaaca ee Soviet Arctic ah, halkaas oo ay jiraan photos in maqaalka, soo maray marxaladda ugu muhim ah ay taariikhda.

In jihada Kandalaksha cadowga weerar bilowday July 1. Dhowr maalmood ka kooxihii ciidamada u suurtagashay in ay si guul ah ka tarjumaya weeraro joogto ah ciidamada cadowga. Marka deegaan halista ka dhalatay sababta oo ah taliyaha garabka ciidan horumar degdeg ah u dhiibay si ay u Dumayn line labaad ee daafaca. On xuduudaha, kuwaas oo ciidamada afartan maalmood si guul ah ka dhiidhiyaan weerar cadowga.

guushii ay ka gaareen cutubyo SS

Group "Nord" SS - kaliya ee gobolka Polar Connect SS ah ay ku lug lahaayeen hore July. Ku dhawaad isla markiiba cutubyo Jarmalka ayaa soo wajaheen caqabaad badan in looga gudbo ee difaaca Soviet. In goobta ciidamada Salla Soviet kuwaas oo u ururay khibrad War Finnish ah, diriray off dhowr weerar ugu horeysay ee cadowga, ka dibna counterattacked. Waxayna Tuureen Jarmalka ee masaafada dheer. In dagaal koowaad ee ciidamada SS uu badiyay 100 nin lagu dilay iyo 250 qof oo dhaawac ah. SS 150 maqan.

Xeeladaha oo ka mid ah ciidamada Jarmal ahaa asal ahaan sida tan. Inta lagu jiro ka-fiirsashada cadowga ciidamada ka dib markii baaris in kala duwan tilmaamaha ku shubtaa weeraryahanka yar group kuwaas oo isla markiiba diyaar daafaca boosaska. Next bilaabay duqeyn iyo sahan si aad u hesho ayna duleella ee dhismaha daafaca ciidamada our.

Si aad u diyaariso daba jog ah weerar la sameeyay si qoto dheer ah 15 km, taas oo Gagadiyaa la weeraro of qarax safka hore. Markaasuu raacay weerar lugta ah, kaas oo ay taageerayaan madaafiic iyo taangiyada ee kooxaha 2-3, isku day inaad si ay u fuliyaan Goldogob difaaca oo ka mid ah ciidamada Soviet, ama si aad u ogaato waxa ku jira barta ugu nugul.

Gulufkii hore cadowga ee 1941

Weerar kale oo faashistihii la bilaabay on November 1st. askari Our xoog iska caabiyay cadowga. 12 maalmood cadowga isku dayeen in ay weeraraan, laakiin hormartay oo kaliya in ay si qoto dheer ah 3 km. In dhamaadka, cadowga weerarkiisii ee weerar baa qalalay. Soo xoojiyo horeba on November 23, wada jir ah ula ciidamada ugu weyn ee u dhaqaaqay weerar, tuuraya cadowga si ay asalka ah.

Cadowga daallan oo aan qaadan karaan weerar. Amarka Jarmalka isku dayay in uu qiil la'aanta ah ee guusha waaxdan xaaladaha dabiiciga ah way adag tahay. Sida xaqiiqda ah, qorshayaasha of naasiga ka caawiyay weeciyaan furitaankii Army Cas iyo dadka deegaanka.

Wajahay iska caabin ah oo abaabulan, dowladda Jarmalka ayaa lagu qasbay in dib loo dhigo qorshe si uu u qabto Murmansk ilaa jeer kaga fiican. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, niyad, kuwaas oo aan la fulin.

Sida natiijada, ee koorsada of daafaca tallaabo, kaas oo socday muddo saddex bilood ah, dhulka ciidamada oo ka mid ah Soviet ciidan, oo ay taageerayaan ciidamada badda iyo hawada xoog, ka dhiidhiyaan oo dhan weerar oo ka mid ah cadowga, khalkhal uu qorshe ay ku qaadataan Murmansk. Maadaama uu khasaare culus cadowga ma u awoodin inuu horumariyo ficilka weerar iyo soo jeestay in ay difaaca.

Xasilinta ee safka hore

On boosaska hore gaadhay ee safka hore ahaa mid deggan, inkastoo isku dayga ayaa ka dhigay in la beddelo xaaladda oo labada dhinac ay xajin inay dhexe ee dayrta ee 1944.

Dhanka daafaca, askarta Ciidanka 14th, oo muujinaya adkeysiga weyn, ay awoodaan in ay qabtaan khadka muddo dheer. Horumarka degdega iyo isku day in ay ka qayb qaataan ciidamada deegaanka our cadaadiyeen ciidamada difaaca iyo counter-falalka reserve u dhiirranow. Si dhab ah u saameeyeen dagaal ka qayb caga amphibious, kuwaas oo ka shaqeeyey danbe ee cadowga horumarinta. Marka marxaladdan Arctic u sarreeyey difaaca, iyo Ciidanka Cas hore u ahaa gool kale oo ka hami.

Natiijada ololaha

Ciidamada Command difaacaneysa ciidamada ahaa kuwo adag oo joogto ah. Dadaal kasta ayaa si joogto ah loogu talagalay in lagu qabto hawlaha military. Taliska ciidanka iyo qaybo ka xarunta taliska, oo ku yaalla meel u dhow Murmansk oo lahaa ilaalinta ka weerarada cirka cadowga gacanta. Xiriirka ka dhexeeya waaxaha ahayd lagu kalsoonaan karo. In la dhiso waxaa loo isticmaalaa warbaahinta St Paul iyo siddo maxaliga ah.

In waqtigan dagaal muhiim ah Arctic ka ahaayeen White iyo Barents Badaha. The watteen dhacdooyinka kuwa ahaayeen badmaax badda woqooyi, kuwaas oo maamula in sano si loo ilaaliyo Arctic Soofiyeeti si guul ah lagu qabtay dekadaha waqooyiga ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ku dhawaad 1,400 maraakiibta 78 kolonyo.

In koorsada of 1942-1943, waaxdan ee hore waxay ahayd goobtii uu ka dhacay meel dagaalka, halkaas oo faa'iidooyinka ma awoodaan in ay gaaraan mid ka mid ah dhinacyada dagaalamaya. Operation on sii daayo final of Arctic Soviet waxay bilaabeen in 1944, 7 October. Ciidamada Soviet dhufatey Luostari iyo Petsamo. labadii toddobaad ee dagaalka gudahood Army Cas u suurtagashay in ay u Tuur cadowga ka baxsan xuduudka reer USSR.

Dhismaha abaalmarinta

Labo bilood ka dib guuldaradii ugu danbeysay ee ku soo duulay German-Finnish ee North Soofiyeeti, in December 1944, waxa uu soo saaray amar sameynta billadda "Waayo, Difaaca ee Arctic Soofiyeeti." bilaabaha ee amar cusub on darto biladood oo ka qaybgalayaasha in dhacdooyinka waxa uu ahaa hoggaanka ugu sarreeya ee dalka. In horumarka ay ka qayb artist Colonel Alov Kuznetsov.

Fikradda aasaaska billad gudbiyay indheeyayaal Karelia Front. Si guddiga tartanka ayaa lagu soo bandhigay Dakatu dhowr, sida ugu fiican ee la aqoonsan yahay oo sawir a by uleh Lieutenant Colonel sameeyey. golaha military taatikada ayaa taageeray fikradda ah. sawir ayaa lagu soo diray in ay Moscow. Sharciga qabyada ah wuxuu hore ee qoraaga modified artist ah Kuznetsov, iyo abaalmarinta uu helay qaabka final.

ciidan iyo dad rayid ah, kuwaas oo ka qayb qaatay dagaalka ee Arctic Soofiyeeti, heshay bilad ee difaaca gobolka Polar. Liiska awardees ahaa 353.240 oo qof.

xeerarka abaal marinta

Difaaca Arctic socday tan iyo bilowgii dagaalka ilaa dhamaadka October 1944. Si abaalmarinta matalaa dhamaan ka qaybgalayaashu firfircoon munaasabadaha waaweyn - askartii, badmaax iyo dad rayid ah. Si qofku uu la gudoonsiiyey bilad this, loo baahan yahay dukumeentiyo xaqiijin ayaa laga yaabaa inuu ka qayb difaaca ee gobolka. weydiimaha lagama maarmaan lahaa in la siiyo taliyayaasha, maamulka hay'adaha caafimaadka, xubno ka mid ah awoodda fulinta.

Xaq u leeyahay in abaal marinta la siiyey ee militeri iyo kuwa rayid ah oo dhan hubka, si firfircoon uga qayb difaaca oo aan ka yarayn lix bilood ah, ka qayb-galay hawlaha gaarka ah, taas oo lagu fuliyay sanadkii dayrta ee 1944 (kaas oo kiiska muddada qiimaha ka qaybgalka hore u lahaa), iyo sidoo kale dad rayid ah, ayaa difaacay Arctic ma aha ka yar lix bilood siyaabo heli karo iyaga. Dadka la siiyay bilad ee difaaca Arctic yeelan kara labada ciidan iyo dad rayid ah. Sidaas daraaddeed, bilada, kanu wuxuu ahaa Valentin Pluchek, agaasimaha film caan ah, intii lagu jiray dagaalka, hogaaminayo masraxa riwaayadaha ee degaanka ka. Waayo, difaaca Arctic sidoo kale abaal Yuri Herman oo uu novel "North Fog," qoraal on hore Karelia ah.

soo bandhigidda midig ee biladood

Bilad Polar difaaca, liiska abaalmarinta taas oo ka kooban magacyada dadka geesi ah oo aad u dhiirranaada - qiimaynta sare oo ka qayb askar iyo dadka deggan aagga in guushii ay ka gaareen cadowga. booska on abuuritaanka abaalgud, taas oo lagu ansixiyay xukuumadda, waxa loo soo bandhigi karo in lagu taliyey cutub oo Army Cas, badmaax oo u adeega ee adeegyada ammaanka. Kuwa horay u joojiyay hawshoodu ciidanka ama in ciidamada badda ee kala duwan oo ka mid ah sababaha, oo ay ku jirto guusha ee da'da hawlgabka ah, billadda abaalmarinta maamulka of commissariat milatariga ee meesha deggan. Dadka rayidka ah ee abaalmarinta gobolka this ayaa oggolaaday in la siiyo golayaasha of xigeenadiisa of Murmansk iyo gobolka Murmansk ah. Dadka la siiyay billadda "Waayo Difaaca ee Soviet Arctic" waxa uu noqon karaa sida rag dagaalyahan ah (sida caanka ah badbaadiye Chelyuskinites pilot Liapidevskii) iyo sokeeye.

design dibadda

Bilad ee Difaaca ee gobolka Polar waxaa laga sameeyey naxaas ah. Its dhexroor - 3.2 cm. billadda obverse waxa lagu qurxiyey muujin image askari oo ilaa gacantiisa midig iyo qaniintay madaxiisa midig u soo jeestay. Askarta qalabaysan qaboobaha: dhogorta cap xiddiga cas, jaakad. Waxa uu qaadeen uu hubka caadiga ah - PCA qoriga caroortay. In margin bidix ee qadaadiic ah waxaa lagu arki karaa goosin ka mid ah weel badda, u taagan hogaanka labada dhinac duulaya diyaaradaha. Hoos waxaa ku qoran, sawir, arkay taangiyada. Intaa waxaa dheer, on obverse waxaa magaca abaalgud, taas oo ah on goobada ka bidix ilaa midig. In bareeg ka dhexeeya erayga hore iyo in Looxii cajalad ah, kaas oo la sawiray on the star oo shan geesood iyo Astaanta of USSR ee xarunta.

On dhinaca dambe ee qadaadiic ah ee saddex ka mid ah hal ku dhiga ah: "Waayo, Our hooyo Soviet". Kor in, ee Soviet jubbadda hubka kartaa waa la arki.

xirmado Silk ayaa width a of 2.4 cm, waxa midab buluug. Dhexe - band cagaaran 6 mm ee width, qaybintii duurka ku galay qaybo ka mid loo siman yahay.