Krebs wareegga - marxaladaha ugu weyn oo ka iman kara nidaamka noolaha

bulk The tamarta kiimikada carbon la sii daayay ku hoos jira xaalad laylinta lug oxygen. wareegga Krebs waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaannaa wareegga qaarna ah, ama Neefta cell. In kelmadaha dareenka gaarka ah ee geeddi-socodka waxaa ka soo qeyb saynisyahano badan: A. Szent-Gyorgyi, A. Lehninger, X. The Krebs wareegga waa magaca la siiyay, SE Severin iyo kuwa kale.

Inta u dhaxaysa burburka laylinta iyo anaerobic of carbohydrates jiro xiriir dhow correlative. First of dhan, waxaa lagu muujiyay in joogitaanka acid pyruvic, oo la dhamaystiro dheefshiidka anaerobic of carbohydrates iyo bilaabmaa Neefta gacanta (Krebs wareegga). Labada weji yihiin catalyzed by enzyme la mid ah. tamarta kiimikada sii daayay by phosphorylation, loo celiyey sida macroergs ATP. The falgalka kiimikada ku lug waa coenzymes isku mid ah (nad, NADP) iyo siifilisku. kala duwan waa sida soo socota: haddii burburka anaerobic of carbohydrates badan ku kooban in hyaloplasm, falcelinta Neefta gacanta badanaa ku dhacaan mitochondria.

Under xaaladaha qaarkood waxaa jira iska soo horjeeda u dhexeeya labada weji. Sayidka, joogitaanka oxygen heerka fal-celin ah glycolysis maratay hoos (saamayn Pasteur). waxyaabaha glycolysis la xakameeyo laga yaabaa in shiid laylinta of carbohydrates (Crabtree saamaynta).

wareegga Krebs waa taxane ah oo falgalka kiimikada taasoo keentay in soo saarka nabaad of carbohydrates yihiin oxidized si carbon dioxide iyo biyo, iyo tamarta kiimikada ururtay in xeryahooda tamar-hodanka ah. Inta lagu guda jiro Neefta gacanta oo la soo saaray "side" - acid oxaloacetic (SCHOK). Ka dibna waxa uumiga leh "side" firfircoonaan hadhay acetic acid. Waxaa tricarboxylic acid - qaarna. Inta lagu guda jiro falgalka kiimikada, waxaa jira a "jeedo" ka hadhay wareegga acid acetic. Maxaa yeelay, Britain kasta ee pyruvic acid waxaa la aasaasay siddeed iyo toban taagoo adenozintrifosfatnoy acid. Dhammaadka wareegga waxaa la sii daayay "side", taas oo ay sameynayso la taagoo cusub hadhay shaqeysiin acetic acid.

Krebs reaction wareegga

Haddii wax soo saarka dhamaadka of dheefshiidka anaerobic of carbohydrates waa jėrto, sarkhaansan dehydrogenase lactate waxaa oxidized si pyruvic acid. Qayb ka mid ah u taagoo of pyruvic acid waa ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee "side" SCHOK saamayn enzyme carboxylase pyruvate in joogitaanka Mg2 + udhigo. taagoo Part pyruvic acid waa il ah "copolymer firfircoon" - atsetilkoenzima A (acetylsalisylsyre-CoA). falcelinta waa la fuliyay sarkhaansan dehydrogenase pyruvate. Acetylsalisylsyre-CoA ku jira bond tamarta, kaas oo ururayaa agagaarka 5-7% ee tamarta. tamarta kiimikada bulk soo saaray lagu qayilo ee "copolymer firfircoon".

Saamayn tsitratsintetazy ka bilowdey si fiican u shaqeeya wareegga Krebs, taas oo horseedaysa formation of sitraydh acid. acid Tani waxaa saameeya akonitat hydratase dehydrogenated iyo beddelay acid CIS-aconitic in ka dib waxaa dheer ee Britain biyaha galaa isocitric. Inta u dhaxaysa saddex acids tricarboxylic hoganaya firfircoon ku dhisan yahay.

Isocitric acid waa la oxidized si oxalosuccinic, kaas oo la decarboxylated iyo diinta Alfa-ketoglutaric acid. reaction waxaa catalyzed by isocitrate eulayska. acid Alpha-ketoglutaric sarkhaansan oo ka mid ah enzyme 2-oxo- (Alfa-Keto) -glutaratdegidrogenazy decarboxylated, taasoo keentay in formation of succinyl-CoA kooban bond tamarta.

In ka tallaabada xigta succinyl-CoA by succinyl-CoA synthetase eulayska gudbiya bond tamarta GDF (acid guanozindifosfatnoy). GTP (acid guanozintrifosfatnaya) sarkhaansan adenylate enzyme soo diro bond GTP tamarta amp (acid adenozinmonofosfatnoy). Krebs Cycle: formula - GTP + amp - GDP + ADP.

acid Succinic hoos tallaabada of dehydrogenase succinate eulayska (LDH) waxaa oxidized si fumaric. SDG coenzymes waxaa flavin dinucleotide adenayn. Fumarate saamayn enzyme fumaratgidratazy waxaa beddelay acid malic, taas oo iyana waa la oxidized si ay u sameeyaan SCHOK. In jiritaanka nidaamka ficil mar acetylsalisylsyre-CoA SCHOK ka mid ah wareegga acid tricarboxylic.

Sidaas darteed, mid ka mid ah Britain of glucose waxaa la aasaasay 38 taagoo of ATP (laba - sabab u glycolysis anaerobic, lix - iyadoo ay sabab u qayilo laba taagoo of nad · H + H +, taas oo loo sameeyay inta lagu guda jiro oksireduktsii ku glycolytic iyo 30 - sabab u TCA). CTLs hufnaanta 0.5. Inta kale ee tamarta la ayuuna sida kulaylka. TCA waxaa oxidized 16-33% lactate acid, inta kale ee ay mass waa in resynthesis ee glycogen.