Lacagta Non-caddaan ah - waxa ... Organization of lacagaha listicmaalka ee ururka. Noocyada waraaqaha lacag bixinta

lacagta listicmaalka - waa, sida masaal, weelashii dhaqaalaha. Waxaa loo soo saaray samaynta lacagta iyada oo loo marayo koontada bangiga iyo waxaa nidaaminaya by Xeerka Madaniga ah (Cutubka. 45 iyo 46), Regulation ah xisaabinta ee dabiiciga ah oo aan lacag caddaan ah oo ka mid ah Bangiga Dhexe ee Russia Lambarka 2-P ka 12.04.2001, lacagta waxaa laga soo wareejiyay xisaab bangi qofka ee ah in ay xisaab bangi oo ah iibiyaha ah (qaataha).

Wareejinta ee lacagta aan lacagta caddaanka ah ee qalab ugu muhiimsan lacagta ay muujinaysaa heer qaar ka mid ah horumarinta dhaqaalaha. In dalalka horumariyo isbeddelkaas lacag caddaan ah waa qiyaastii 5% wadarta lacag faa'iido ah. lacagta listicmaalka ogolaan bangiga dhexe si loo xakameeyo isbeddelkaas lacag ah Ruushka. Iyada oo ay caawimo waxa si wayn u dadajinaya wareegga lacagta, waxaa la sameeyay lacag ku meel gaar ah oo lacag la'aan ah, oo ay caawimo nidaamka bangiyada Yurub oo horumarinaayo awoodda deymin. Sidoo kale sabab u ah xawaaraha ee wareegga lacagta (iyo habayn la "silsiladda" ee Marx 'Alaabta-Money-Badeecadaha "), degdegsiimada iyo wareegga wax ee gobolka.

Qaab dhismeedka qaybsan of wareegga lacageed

Sida aad ogtahay, tan iyo 1992, lacagta aan lacagta caddaanka ah ee Russia ayaa la falanqeeyay oo ay maamusho iyadoo la kaashanayo ku Bank of Russia iyada oo la tixgelinayo ahaan la isku celceliyo lacageed, taas oo cayn kooxo kala duwan oo kala duwan oo lacag. Waa maxay ay content dhaqaale, waxaad ka arki kartaa in Jaantuska 1.

Scheme 1. Qaab-dhismeedka qaybsan lacageed

M unit The _0, sida ay aragti classical, midaynaysa lacagta caddaanka ah, lacag on xisaab card, lacagta electronic iyo jeegaga, ie - .. The hantida ugu dareere ah. Hantida in si firfircoon oo isticmaalaya qof jirka. Formula oo la go'aamiyo, waa sida soo socota: M0 = C + jeegag (1).

qof dhammaystirayaa unit M ₁ marka loo eego M0 muujiyay Formula 2: M ₁ = M ₀ + lacag xisaab hadda iyo hadda ka jirta bangiyada (2).

Cutubkani wuxuu sidoo kale soo bandhigay howlaha ganacsiga ee hay'adaha sharci ah, lacag aruursaday ee xisaabaadka hadda iyo dejinta iyo iyaga oo isticmaalaya ganacsiga.

unit The M _2, markeeda, waa dhammaystir ah mishiinka M _1. Waxaa ka mid ah E. Lacagta deebaajiga ah securities-ka iyo kayd lacag qof degdeg ah, t.. Sidaas darteed, waa qaamaha muddada-dheer ee nidaamka bangiyada.

In lacag caddaan ah - qalab weyn ee lacag bixinta

Wixii lagu daydo classical lacagta aan lacagta caddaanka ah wadar ahaan lacag ah - waxaa laysku dardaray M _{1 iyo 2 M.}

Waxaa intaa dheer, sida lagu sheegay war ah ee Guddoomiye Ku-xigeenka koowaad ee Bankiga Dhexe Georgiya Ivanovicha Luntovskogo, hadda qalab lacagta ugu weyn ee Russia ayaa weli ku jira lacag caddaan ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay share in wadar ahaan m2 oo hoos u dhacay ka 35.2% sanadkii 2005 si ay u 23.8% (xogta dhammaadka 2012)

Ururka ay faa'iido - qaali ah:, dalalka reer galbeedka door tani waxaa la ciyaaray ugu horrayn lacagta aan lacagta caddaanka ah u baahan tahay qalab gaar ah diiwaanka lacagta caddaanka ah, nidaamka ururinta, iwm Isla mar ahaantaana ... Cash yareyn saamiga isbeddelkaas lacag - mid ka mid ah arrimaha dhaqaalaha firfircoon.

farsamo ee xisaabaadka Wariyaha

lacagta listicmaalka - waa mid ka mid ah hawlaha baanka. Si ay iyaga ugu hirgeliyaan yar si uu u furo bangiga xisaab ganacsi is-taageeridda iyo hadda - maal ururada miisaaniyada. Sida farsamo ee bangiga xisaab-wariye. Sidee buu nidaamka this shaqeeyaan?

Waxaan wakiil xaaladda caadiga ah: Shirkadda A iibsada alaabta shirkad iyo B bixiya ay non-caddaan ah. Sidee waa fursad? Iyada oo taageero ka degsiimooyinka labada dhinac u dhexeeya bangiga iibsadaha ee (B-A) iyo bangiga ee iibiyaha (B-B), E. ie. Hay'adaha maaliyadeed, halkaas oo aanu ayaa ka fiirsaneysa inay shirkadda furay xisaabaadka ay hadda. Sida iska cad, bangiga iibsadaha ayaa si bangiga iibiyaha ayaa lagu wareejiyo account lacagta aan lacagta caddaanka ah uu ku habboon in uu account. Si tan loo gaadho, labada bangiyada si uu u furo xisaab Wariyaha in Bangiga Dhexe ee Russia (CBR): COP. Sayidka, lacagta aan lacagta caddaanka ah - waa adeegyada dhaqaale ee bangiyada ee macaamiisha ganacsiga iyada oo xisaabaadka Wariyaha. Ha noo xaaladda, BA iyo xisaabaadka Wariyaha of bangiga, iyo bangiga furay BB ee hay'adda isku soo laaban - Bankiga Dhexe (siday u kala horreeyaan, COP iyo COP-BA-BB).

Sidee nidaamka lacagta listicmaalka, by Bangiga Dhexe abaabulay? In saddex marxaladood.

• First. Hay'adda A wareejinta lacagaha qadarka macaamilada la account aad hadda in account Wariyaha of B-A, ku amraya inay bixiyaan ay counterparty B.
• Second. ganacsi document Payments Oo bangiga uu BA waanin bangiga dhexe in ay qoraan off qadar u dhigma ka account wariye oo ka mid ah COP-BA on account Wariyaha bangiga ee, iibiyaha adeegga COP-BB.
• Saddexaad. Bank B, raad dakhliga on account ay Wariyaha CS-B, kuwaas oo u yimid in ay aragto caddadka lacag bixinta cinwaanka ah ee uu wakiilka B, oo u kala iibsiga si uu account hubinta. lacagta aan lacagta caddaanka ah noocan oo kale ah waa aasaaska dhaqaale isbeddelkaas dhaqaale.

Waayo, xisaab bangi Wariyaha ayaa qaab double - dibadeed (NOSTRO furay CB) iyo hoose (Loro - account lidka gudaha). kafado Account at account gudaha iyo NOSTRO lidka specularly fikiri mid ka mid kale. si joogto ah loo hubiyaa ka dhanka ah midba midka kale si loo hubiyo in labada dhinac ee xisaabaadka baahisey.

Dejinta by amarada bixinta

Inta badan, lacagta aan lacagta caddaanka ah waxaa lagu bilaabay ururka-bixiyaha. Waxay la geeyo bangiga, adeegaya account dejinta ay la codsiga dokumentiga - si ay u gudbiyaan ka account si account of qaataha. document A muujinaya racfaanka, wuxuu u yeedhay si ay lacag bixinta. muunad A waxaa ka mid ah waxaad ka arki kartaa shaxanka hoose.

Iyada oo la adeegsanayo amarada bixinta ayaa lagu fuliyaa lacagta aan lacagta caddaanka ah ee meelaha kala iibsiga lacagaha u miisaaniyadda iyo lacagta extrabudgetary; xisaabinta counterparties ee koorsada of hawlaha ganacsi; credit iyo bangiyada deposit xawaalad; xawaalad kale oo aan ahayn lacag caddaan ah.

dokumentiyada uu caadi u bixinta listicmaalka

Foomka dokumentigan iyo xeerarka ay buux aqoonsaday Regulation ah ee Bankiga Dhexe ee lambarka 2-p ee 03.10.2002 ahaa iyo wixii uu sheegay in tirada 1256-U of 03.03.2003, (oo warqadaha isla maamulo iyo noocyada kale ee lacagta aan lacagta caddaanka ah).

isaga kala saxiixday dadka dhaqaale ahaan mas'uul ka ah urur, sida caadiga ah agaasime (sare) iyo xisaabiye sare bixinta. Waxbarashada muddo gaar ah oo ansax yahay 10 maalmood, haddaan lagu darin maalintii si lacag la gar qaybshay. Tijaabada wakiil shaxanka, waa in la kaabaya Saxiixyada sheegnay iyo stamp ee bixiyaha. dambe waxaa waajib ku ah in ay tixgeliyaan bixinta ay diiwaanka gaar ah

ururada lacagta listicmaalka (shirkadaha)

Ururka lacagta aan lacagta caddaanka ah ee ururka (ganacsi) ee ku adeegta baaxadda xiriirka dhaqaale ee u dhexeeya maamullada kuwan. Shirkadda listicmaalka helo dakhliga ka iibinta waxyaabaha ay dhamaystirtay (adeegyada), iyo ururka - maal qabtaa shaqooyin ay. Maalgelintan waxaa loo wareejiyay koontada shirkada ama ururka xaaladaha inta ugu badan, si lacag bixinta. dakhliga ka dhalanaya waxaa qayb ahaan ku qaatay on degsiimooyinka leh shirkadaha qeybinayay. Going bixinta canshuurta iyo lacagaha qasabka ah ee lacagaha ka baxsan miisaaniyadda. Xaaladdan oo kale, lacagta waxaa la sameeyey gudahood dheelitirka on account hadda shirkadu (urur) ama in kala duwan ee ay bixiyaan amaah bangi.

Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaa jira regularities qaar ka mid ah lacagaha sida.

Mabaadi'da ururka lacagta aan lacagta caddaanka ah ee shirkadaha (ururo)

Ururka lacagta aan lacagta caddaanka ah ee ururka (shirkadu) waxaa lagu hanuuniyey by mabaadi'da gaar ah:

1. Funds lagu qabtaa xisaabaadka bangiga ee shirkada (urur) ee.
2. Enterprise (urur) waa lacag la'aan si ay u doortaan, sida bangiga qabsshada, iyo noocyo ka mid ah lacagaha listicmaalka.
3. Furitaanka xisaab hadda shirkadu (urur) waxaa gacanta maamulka canshuuraha.
4. The salaysan ee u qortaa-off of hantida la heli karo si ay milkiile.
5. Lacagaha si loogu dhaw in wakhtiga ugu shixnaddii ee alaabta, alaabta ceeriin.

bixinta soo socota

lacagta Non-caddaan ah haddii ay dhacdo yaraanta lacagaha on account hadda ee shirkadda (shirkadaha) ka samaysan yihiin in si adag habraaca aasaasay, nidaaminaya by Art. 855 ee Xeerka Madaniga ah ee Ruushka.

First of lacagta oo dhan waxaa la sameeyey by writs waxyeellada caafimaadka, iyo sidoo kale kala iibsiga ee looqoro. Shirka labaad ee - on writs of dil la xidhiidha lacagaha kala, lacagaha qorayaasha waxqabadka aqooneed. Heerka saddexaad ka mid ah lacagaha mushaharka, wareejinta canshuuraha (ajuurada), lacagta caymiska miisaaniyadda. kii afraad - inta ka dhiman writs ah. In kaalinta shanaad - waayo dukumentiyada kale ee lacag bixinta. Amarka ka mid ah degsiimooyinka nadiifinta gacanta bangiyada. In case of xadgudub, si waafaqsan habraacyada by Art. 866 ee Xeerka Madaniga ah, bangiga dayac sameeyaa shaqo socodka, lacag dulsaar sida ay Art. 395 ee Xeerka Madaniga ah.

Foomamka dhaqanka ee waraaqaha lacag bixinta

Maadooyinka RF lacagta aan lacagta caddaanka ah, marka lagu daro amarada bixinta, isticmaalka iyo kale, waraaqaha of credit, amar ururinta, lacagaha elektaroonik ah, codsiyada bixinta - amarada, jeegaga.

Letter of credit sahlan tahay iibiyaha, ie. E. Qofka kuwaas oo raalli oo ay warqaddii of credit furay. Client-iibsadaha u dhaco si uu bangiga la codsiga - warqad of credit. Si tan loo sameeyo, isticmaal foomka ku qoran foomka 0401063. bangiga ayaa ku salaysan si ay fulisaa si ay u qabtaan damiin ah ku bixin qiimaha alaabta ku qeexan u dhiibay sida ay waraaqaha ku heshiiyeen. lacagta Payment iyo hirgelinta markii muddo la cayimay ee edbinta. Sayidka, iibiyaha alaabada helo lacag la hubo, sidoo kale kharash ku iibsadaa, ama kharash ku amaah bangi ku helay by. Baanka ayaa soo saaray aado bangiga qeybiyaha (fulinta bangiga) ee. Kharash ku "Waraaqaha of credit" fulinta bangiga ka account iibsadaha ee wareejiyo lacagta, ayuu enlists ay qeybiyaha.

Jeegaga waxaa loo soo saaray in taangiga haysta jeegga, iyo u isticmaal inaad lacag bixinta ee khaanadda lacag caddaan ah si degdeg ah ka dib markii ay soo bandhigeen ee jeegga.

Marka ururinta lacagta aan lacagta caddaanka ah ay guushu ku bixiyaha bilaabaha ah. Wuxuu waanin uu bangiga si ay u helaan lacag ay wareejiyo by bixiyaha, iyo iyaga oo amaah in xisaabta aad hubinta.

Systems Payment Electronic

qarnigii XXI uu ina siiyey hab tartiib ah xisaabinta - elektaroonik ah bixinta. hirgelinta bixinta listicmaalka uu noqday more la awoodi karo. macmiilka karaa wakhti kasta in lacag lagu wareejiyo ka kaarka lacag bixinta ama account oo ka mid ah "jeebka elektarooniga ah", ka furmay ah nidaamka lacag bixinta ee elektorooniga aad, in xisaabta kale ama kaar. Taasi waxay suurto gal ah in lacagta waqti kasta, ka PC, oo ay ku jiraan jawi raaxo guriga.

Si arrintan loo sameeyo on a PC rakibay WEB-app Wm-Keeper Light, smartphone a - Telepat.

Haddaba dadka isticmaala Ruush isticmaalo adeegyada dhowr tobanaan hababka lacag bixinta. Sannadkii 1998 waxaa jiray nidaamka PayCash 1999 - by WebMoney, 2002 - "Yandex". hababka lacag bixinta Kuwani dhammaataan la macaamilaan habka lacag bixinta kaarka caalamiga ah iyo MastercardMass VisaInternational. Hawlaha nidaamka lacag elektaroonik ah waxaa nidaaminaya sharciga Federaalka "On Nidaamka Bixinta Qaranka."

gunaanad

Sida iska cad, wareegga lacagta ee Federation Ruush hadda uu leeyahay qaab-dhismeedka firfircoon ma ku filan, maadaama ay weli qeyb weyn waxaa ka mid ah waxa uu ku mashquulsan in lacagta naqdiga.

Dhanka kale, horumarinta lacagta listicmaalka uu leeyahay aragti. Ka dib oo dhan, technology dhaqaale ee qarnigii XXI ee dhiiri-maal ah. Gaar ahaan, horumarka teknoolajiyadda macluumaadka ayaa u dhigay lacagaha elektaroonik ah in qalab ku haboon oo wejiyo. In ka badan tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay isuna si weyn u soo hagaagtay, waxay noqotay mid dhakhso badan oo lagu kalsoonaan karo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waayo, horumar aasaasiga ah ee lacagta aan lacagta caddaanka ah u baahan doonaa sii habeysan iyo dadaalka wadajirka ah ee qaybta bangiyada, nidaamka lacag bixinta iyo ganacsiga.