Matoorada gantaal Ruush RD-180: sooc

Ruush RD-180 gantaal matoorada ahaayeen "tufaax ah ku waswaasiyo shaydaan" ee u dhexeeya labada shirkadood US United Daahfurka Alliance (ULA) iyo horjeeda Orbital Sciences. marka hore waxa uu ka dhigayaa wax aan macquul aheyn in ay soo iibsato engine a labaad ee gantaalaha Antares ay.

Kulanka dhaxeeya kooxo ka

qalad oo dhan waxay ka qaybgalka Orbital Sciences in hindise iibsiga dowladeed. ULA-darro ah faragalin ku tartamaya si ay u iibsadaan matoorada RD-180 ee labada shirkadood. Waa RD qandaraasle Amross - SPNPO "Energomash" - oo ah dhexdhexaadiyaha American Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u soo saarta ee gantaalada dareere engine RD-180 doonayo. The kale sahayda qaybood u United States.
Kaliya engine dareere RD-180 si fiican ugu habboon ee dowladda Maraykanka ayaa ku dhawaaqay curdan iibsadaan. Sida laga soo xigtay khubaro, sifooyinka qaybaha kuwanu waa fiican ee gantaallo side culus iyo shuruudaha NASA.

Waa maxay gantaal engine RD-180

RD-180 - dual qolkii derivative Bawdada of RD-170, loo isticmaalo "gebogabeeyey". Liquid gantaal engine RD-180 xiran-loop lasoo gabagabeeyay iyadoo afterburning ee waxqabadka sare, raaxada iyo fursadaha reuse RD-170 ee size ku haboon shuruudaha matoorada for Atlas V waxaad fartaan Wannaagga isticmaalo Daahfurka Vehicle.

RD-180 - motor a Haydarooliga wadida waalka gacanta iyo weecasho ee dulinka riixdaan gimbaled la pneumatics in actuate waalka iyo nidaamka u nadiifisaa ah: loox qaybinta load ee engine sida isku filan durkiyo. Motor bilowgii isticmaalaya hogaanka LOX, afterburning gaaska matoor iyo LOX, drive marawaxadaha gaaska hodan. Sidaas darteed, wax soo saarka la kordhiyo la ballamay by boqolkiiba 10 la dardargelinta qalliinka iyo matoorada Mareykanka marka loo eego bixiyo nadiif ah, hawlgal isticmaali karo.
Kaliya ee shirka ugu weyn ee bamka turbo-Bamka oo kor loo baahan yahay horumarinta iskeelka oo ka mid ah RD-120 iyo RD-170. Dhammaan qaybaha kale ayaa si toos ah qaatay ka-RD 170.

The RD-180 ayaa loogu talagalay 42 bilood jajab yar oo ah kharashka design caadiga ah ee engine cusub ee Maraykanka. motor ayaa ku egyahay ee gantaalada side dhexe iyo heerka Atlas III Atlas V.

RD-180 lagu qalabeeyey laba joog oo qolladaha sari iyo nozzles. engine waxaa loogu talagalay oo soo saaray ururka sayniska-saarka Ruush "Energomash". la shito ayaa loo isticmaalaa sidii shidaalka, oxidizer waa oxygen dareere ah. Qiimaha ka mid ah gantaalada engine RD-180 2010 lacag dhan ilaa $ 9 million.

Description of dhismaha

1. LOX / shito gano.
2. Laba qolladaha ku riixdaan (cardan +8 degrees).
3. Mid ka mid ah hodan ku oxygen hor unit gubi ah.
4. shirkii Turbopump cadaadis sare.
5. The bamka shidaalka laba-yada.
6. Single-yada bamka oxygen.
7. Single marawaxadaha.
8. suuroggalaan Hypergolic.
9. Banaan nidaamka Haydarooliga (filtarka, Kaaban) isagoo leh xoog shito ka bamka shidaalka.
10. socodka Caafimaadka iyo nidaamka saadaasha nolosha.
11. tababarka iswada duulimaadka (ka dib markii la rakibey on gaariga All hawlgallada waxaa iswada by orodka).
12. Yaraynta interface ka bilaabay suuf iyo gaariga (nidaamyada pneumatic iyo Haydarooliga, goboleedka, koronto la xoojiyey jir riixdaan guddi u fududayn lahaa interface farsamo).
13. hawlgallada Organic ku hodanaynta oxidant keenaysay suuroggalaan gubi meelgaarka ah iyo bilowgii oxidizer ah iyo joojin hababka oo baabi'iyo coking oo la gubo shito wasaqaysan.
14. 50-100% throttling joogto ah la bixiyo iman kara dhabbihii scan-wakhtigaas oo u dhigma of engine ee goobta ka hor inta qamaar la bilaabay.
15. 80% RD-170 qaybo.
16. qolkii Cadaadis: 256,6 bar.
17. ratio deegaanka: 36.4.
18. Riixdaan-to-miisaanka saamiga: 77,26.
19. ratio ee ku oxidant-shidaalka: 2,72.

RD-180 engine. sifooyinka

• miisaan gaar ah: 5480 kg (12080 pounds).
• Dhererka: 3.6 m (11.67 feet).
• Dhexroor: 3.2 m (10.33 feet).
• Gaar ah Suu: 337,8 s.
• Suu gaar ah ee heer badda: 311,3 seconds.
• waqtiga diiwaangelinta: 270 ilbiriqsi.
• bilowga First: 2000

story

Bishii November 1996, ee wax soo saarka "Energomash" Ururka sameeyay baaritaanka koowaad ee RD-180. engine waxa uu ahaa goolkii guusha ee gundhigga maxaa yeelay, waxay ku rakibidda ee "Atlas" US Lockheed Martin Corporation. Waxay u baahan tahay in la keeno pride duuliyo ididiilo. Waxaa hadda ka dib RD-180 matoorada waxay noqdeen kuwa ugu caansan.

The engine leeyahay awood u leh inay dib-u-isticmaali karo. maamulka casri la siiyo NPÖ "Energomash" waa ku dhawaad heshiisyo isku halaynta halyeeyga la Mareykanka. Bishii December 2012 heshiis la sameeyey, shirkada waxay bixisaa damaanad ah oo ku saabsan makiinado ay soo-saarka ilaa 2019. wax soo saarka oo dhan waa mid isku urursan ee Russia.

Abuuritaanka badalo RD-180 ee Maraykanka

dhacdooyinka Yukreeniyaan ayaa keentay in cunaqabatayn in xaddido awood u leh inay isticmaalaan matoorada gantaal Ruush Maraykanka. RD-180 waa loo baahan yahay si uu u bedelo analoogga ee wax soo saarka American. Bishii December 2014 Golaha qaatay wax ka beddelka. Waxa uu mamnuucayaa isticmaalka Ruushka RD-180. engine waxay sii wadi doontaa in ay iibsadaan on an heshiis sahayda jira ilaa 2019 inta u dhaxaysa "Energomash" iyo ULA.

Inkastoo iskaashiga ka sii iyo sahayda of RD-180 waayo heshiisyada hadda jira, Xoghayaha Difaaca Maraykanka ayaa amar ku joojiyo oo la kaashanaya Russia iyo kala guurka ah si ay qaybaha American. America waxaa waajib ku ah in laga takhaluso tiirsanaanta Russia gudbikaraa oo military-siyaasadeed.

Tani Frank Kendall (Wasiirka Difaaca iibsiga) ayaa sheegay in Ruush RD-180 Pentagon aan la bedeli karaa. Sida kale in xaaladda this, America ayaa ku dhawaaqay curdan ah wax soo saarka ee u gaar ah oo la mid ah sifooyinka of matoorada ku dhulkeeda.

Ruush-ku-xigeenka Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Dmitry Rogozin sheegay inuu diyaar u yahay inuu joogsiga sahayda of gantaal matoorada RD-180 iyo K-33 ee America.

Imisa ah gantaal engine RD-180 Maraykanka

Aan ka hadalno qiimaha. SpaceNews sheegay in loo baahanyahay in la badalo RD-180. US noocan oo kale ah jajuubi uu qiimihiisa $ 1.5 billion. lacagta halkii weyn.

Intee in le'eg oo waa engine RD-180? Mashruuca oo dhan fulinta ee noocooda ay sii wadi doonto ugu yaraan lix sano. Sida laga soo xigtay khubaro, Maraykanka suurtogal ma aha in ay gabi ahaanba ka tanaasulaan isticmaalka RD-180 matoorada. Dhibaatadu waxa ay muddo gaaban aan la xallin karin, sida matoorada ku diyaar u noqon doonaa oo kaliya 2022.
Inkastoo balanqaad ka Air Force Maraykanka in RD-180 waxaa laga heli karaa in bakhaarada in lacagta loo baahan yahay, la'aanta wali waa la joogo. Sidaa darteed, dad badan oo ku bilaabatay-ups u leeyihiin in dib loo dhigo. Kharashka degaanka sii kordhi karta $ 5 billion.
Iyadoo Maraykanka tartankii iyo soo rogay cunaqabatayn, China horay u qaadataa meel on saarka RD-180.

muuqaal

Pentagon ayaa loo qoondeeyey ugu yaraan $ 162 million Aerojet Rocketdyne iyo United Daahfurka Alliance ee horumarka ah ee makiinado ay gantaal AR1 iyo NOQON-4, musharaxiinta bedelay engine -soo-saarka Ruush, oo uu hadda duulaya suunka Atlas V.

Air Force Mareykanka ayaa dhameystirtay maalgashi bilowga ah ee makiinado cusub gantaal, sida milatariga u muuqdaan in ay u guuraan ay ku tiirsanaanta Ruushka RD-180, loo isticmaalo in Atlas V ah, taas oo ay maamushaa inta badan satalayt dowladda Maraykanka nidaamka isgaarsiinta ammaan, navigation iyo sirdoon iska.
Air galo iskaashiga dadweynaha-gaarka ah la Aerojet Rocketdyne iyo ULA, muujinayo lacagaha shirkadaha si wada jir ah u maal horumarinta engine ah.

Madaxweynaha iyo CEO ULA sii si ay ula kulmaan si loo gaaro hadafka ah in nidaamka la bilaabay inta badan la isku halayn karo ee Mareykanka ee qiimaha ugu jaban ee, horumarinta engine cusub, kaas oo soo bandhigi doonaa fursadaha si buuxda cusub ee isticmaalka meel dibadda ah.

Heshiiska la Aerojet Rocketdyne daboolida horumarinta iyo imtixaanka of a gantaal engine AR1. unit awood Tani in gubtay isku dar ah ee la shito iyo oxygen dareere ah. Kuwanu waa qaybaha isku shidaalka gantaal, oo RD-180 matoorada for V. Atlas ah

Aerojet Rocketdyne doonaya in ay abuuraan engine ah oo uu helay shahaadada airworthiness by 2019, laakiin furitaanka ugu horeysay la filayaa kaliya ee 2020.
Air Force qoondaysay ugu yaraan $ 115,3 milyan oo ku saabsan barnaamijka horumarinta AR1 ah, halka Aerojet Rocketdyne iyo ULA si wadajir ah maal $ 57,7 milyan oo doolar - ku yiri hadal uu Aerojet Rocketdyne.

Baaritaanka ka hor go'aanka dowladda on sii taageero la abuuro barnaamijka engine ku AR1 uu qiimo ugu badnaan ah $ 804 milyan - in $ 536 milyan oo ka tirsan ciidamada cirka iyo $ 236 milyan oo ka Rocketdyne Aerojet iyo ULA.

«AR1 soo laabto Mareykanka si ay safka hore ee wax soo saarka ee la shito matoorada gantaal nuclear - Drake ayaa sheegay in war-saxaafadeed. - Waxaan soo bandhigo durugsan ee ugu dambeeyay ee wax soo saarka oo casri ah, halka isla dhexmarayay our aqoonta hodan soo saarka ee jiil cusub oo matoorada gantaal, wax kasta waxaa loo sameeyaa, waayo, hordhaca ah ee matoorrada oo joojiyo in our tiirsanaanta qeybiyeyaasha ajnabi ah la bilaabay oo ka mid ah hantida ka mid ah amaanka qaranka ee dalka ".

Engine AR1 ka mid noqon doona qaybo 3D-daabacay iyo afterburning gaaska matoor oxygen la xoojiyey shaqada. Tani waa hawlgal ka fiican oo ka mid ah wareegga engine ugu badan ee kale ayaa haatan diyaar u ah Consort oo dareere ah ee makiinado ay gantaalada Mareykanka.

Engine NOQON-4 waa diiradda Ciidamada Cirka ah. Waayo, hirgelintiisa waxaa loo qoondeeyey galiyey lacag caddaan ah. Air Force Ogolaaday in uu bixiyo ugu yaraan 46.6 million dollars United Daahfurka Alliance for jiilka soo socda ee lagu gano Vulcan. ULA shirkadda ayaa sidoo kale isku raacay in la dar 40.8 milyan oo doolar oo hoos loo eego abaalmarinta dowladda.

share libaax ee maalgelinta hore - $ 45800000 - horumarinta mashruuca tegi doonaa si ay u abuuraan a la-4 engine in ay abuuri doonaan 550,000 pounds of riixdaan oo ha baabbi'iyo isku-dar ah cryogenic gaaska dabiiciga ah iyo oxygen dareere ah.

Laba matoorada NOQON-4 qasbi doona wareega koowaad ee gantaalada ee Vulcan. Saraakiisha ayaa sheegay in in ka-4 NOQON si buuxda loo maalgeliyey shirkada iyadoo la kaashanayo United Daahfurka Alliance. Maalgelinta ee Air Force dallicin doontaa horumarka bulshada ee engine shirkadda NOQON-4 gantaal side Vulcan.

Aerojet Rocketdyne xayaysiin AR1 bedelka ugu fudud ee RD-180 sababta oo ah size iyo dar budada ah. AR1 laba matoorrada waxaa looga baahan yahay in ay la kulmaan waxqabadka biiyaha labanlaab RD-180 engine Atlas V.

Madaxda ULA sheegaya in engine ku NOQON-4 ka Blue Asal, shirkadda meel ganacsi aasaasay by Amazon.com, ugu dhaqsaha badan diyaar u noqon doonaa, oo ugu dambeyntii fududaan doonta inay ka soo kabsadaan dib u isticmaal.

Inkastoo RD-180 engine lahaa faa'iido ah ee in ka badan 60 furayey guul, saacaddii way timid, waayo, maalgashiga Maraykanka ee wax soo saarka gudaha ee matoorada la mid ah.

NOQO-4 waa inay dhammaystiraan ay shahaado ee 2017, oo loogu talagalay ULA Vulcan ugu horeysay u duulay gantaal ah ka hor dhamaadka 2019.

Ciidamada Cirka ayaa sidoo kale maal-gelinta dhismaha ku meel cir nool adeegyada sahaminta bannaan iyo satellite qoto dheer.

ULA sii wadaan in ay la Blue Asal shaqeeyaan, iyo Aerojet Rocketdyne. Waxay weheliyo labada versions of jiilka xiga ee matoorada American, taas oo ah sababta ay shirkaddu waxaa ay weheliso laba shirkadood oo keentay in guulaha ay meel dunida ee.

ULA AR1 xajiya engine ka Aerojet Rocketdyne sidii doorasho gurmad. The final doorashada ayaa la filayaa in goor dambe 2016.

waajibaadka Financial u Force iyo Aerojet Rocketdyne ULA furay ka dib markii February 29, 2016 ka dib markii uu heshiis la mid ah la gaarsiiyey SpaceX iyo Orbital ATK.
Mashruuca cusub ee Waxuun gantaal adag sameeyey by Orbital ATK for gantaalo Vulcan ULA ee ay Launcher u gaar ah, sidoo kale heli doontaa maal Orbital ATK.

The hooskii oo ka mid ah dhulka ee meel "daruuraha"

Ruush matoorada RD-180 ee United States aadan haysan kale. Madaxweyne ku xigeen ee Aerojet Rocketdyne Jim Mather ayaa sheegay in Mareykanka aadan bixin horumarinta u gaar ah prototypes oxygen-shito ay fiiro ku filan.
Waxa uu sheegay in America waa hubaal ka danbayso Chinese Ruushka iyo abuurista nidaamyo propulsion sida. Waxa uu sidoo kale sheegay in uu horay u horumariyey engine oxygen-shito ee dalka Mareykanka, kaas oo ay ahayd in hawlgalka Merlin 1m ah. Waxaa soo saarta ee shirkadda SpaceX. halkan oo keliya oo leh sifooyin aad u badan, ma aha ilaa RD-180 ee.

Dabcan, waa macno darro ah a complete, maxaa yeelay Dhulka ma uu sii tuuri kartaa daruur in meel bannaan oo waa hooskaaga lahayn. Laakiin dareenka siyaasadeed - hoogtay, waa la tuuraa.

saarayaasha US waxaa is dajiyaan, siyaasiyiinta baqanina

Sarkaal sare oo ka tirsan ciidamada cirka ee Maraykanka ayaa sheegtay in ay joojin doonaan bilaabay satalayt ammaanka qaranka saarnaa gantaal Atlas V United Daahfurka Isbahaysiga, haddii Wasaaradda Maaliyadda ayaa aaminsan in soo dejinta ee motor Ruush kuma xadgudbi cunaqabateynta Maraykanka.

Horaantii, Senator Dzhon Makkeyn ayaa ka codsaday Ciidamada Cirka ah si ay u caddeeyaan in habeynta dhawaan in ay gantaalada Ruushka iyo warshadaha meel ma gelin iibka ah ee RD-180 matoorada ku xadgudubka cunaqabataynta US soo rogay ka dhanka ah saraakiisha Ruush ee 2014.

US ha'adaha dawladda uu hogaaminayo ee Wasaaradda Maaliyadda, ka qaaddid oo cusub eeg gaarsiinta oo ka mid ah RD-180. Oo innaguna waxaynu nahay diyaar ma u hoggaansamaan cunaqabateynta. Atlas V Grounding abuuraa caqabad weyn ku tahay Pentagon ka badan dhaqanka colaadaha.

McCain qabtay dhagaysi of cosmodrome militariga, halkaas oo uu ku BBC u yeedhay inaad hesho aragti cusub sharci dhoofista RD-18O xad cunaqabatayn Mareykanka ka dhanka ah saraakiisha Ruush soo socda badhkood of Jasiiradda Crimean ee Ukraine.

McCain gaar ah laba sarkaal oo Ruush sar sare: Ra'iisul Wasaare Ku xigeenka Ruush Dmitry Rogozin iyo Sergei Chemezov, la taliyaha Madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin. Waxay leeyihiin, ilaa dhawaan, ka ahaa muraaqibiin qaybta bannaan ee. In kasta oo iyaga oo aan haysan lacagta dhaqaale ka iibinta RD-180, cunaqabatayn ayaa lagu soo rogay iyaga on.

28 December Putin amar qaybta bannaan Ruush waxaa habayn. Manhajkooda Taas ayaa ka dhigaysa hagaajin in industry meel iyo bannaan hay'adda Ruush "Roskosmos" hoos shirkad dadweynaha cusub, sidoo kale loo yaqaan "Roskosmos". McCain ayaa sheegay in ururkan uu yahay hadda madax by Rogozin; Chemezov sidoo kale leedahay in la sameeyo waxa la. Rogozin oo Chemezov ayaa ka mid ahaa sarkaalkii ugu Ruush kuwaas oo oggolaansho ka helay intii lagu jiray xiisadda Ukrain. Midkoodna mid toona kale ma geli karto Maraykanka. Hantida ay leeyihiin, ayaa la xayiray.