Matxafyada Kremlin iyo dalxiisyada. Guudmarka iyo hawlgalka Kremlin Moscow ee Matxafka

Museum-ilaali "The Moscow Kremlin" waxaa la aasaasay sanadkii 1991 iyadoo ay ku saleysan gobolka ka jira ka mid ah matxafyada Kremlin. Baahida loo qabo in la isu geeyo hay'adaha dhaqameed kala duwan ahaa muddo dheer, laakiin baaxadda cusub ee mashruuca lama oggola in la isticmaalo nidaamka caadiga ah ee is-dhexgalka - diyaarinaya wada oo ka mid ah maadooyinka ee naqshadaha qaatay dhowr sano. Sidaas darteed, matxaf cusub oo u gaar ah waxaa la abuuray by Kremlin. Moscow, caasimada, Magaalooyinka ka mid ah baaxadda adduunka, faa'iiday adag kale bandhig grand.

joogitaanka

Ka dib markii taxane ah oo cilmi-galidoonaan ugu weyn naqshadda of Russia helay xaaladda ka mid ah matxafka-reserve. Sannadkii 2001, Agaasimaha Guud ee Ururka Matxafka ayaa noqday Elena Yurevna Gagarina, gabadhii cosmonaut halyeeyga Yuri Gagarin. Museum-ilaali "The Moscow Kremlin" ayaa taariikh ahaan mar walba degan yahay oo ka mid ah tsars Ruush, iyo mar dambe - Madaxweyne. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, Waxaa ku yaala heerka guri iyo Madaxweynaha Russia Vladimira Vladimirovicha Putina.

Taariikhda Kremlin

Towers iyo derbiyada Kremlin la dhisay goor dambe oo qarnigii 15aad, inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Ivan Xun ee. Isla mar ahaantaana aan dhisay tiro ka mid ah dhismayaasha naqshadda ku yaalaan wareega ee Kremlin. Maanta, gaarka Museum-ilaali "Kremlin The" waxaa ka mid ah saddex cathedrals: malo, Annunciation iyo Mikaa'iil. Dhammaantood waxay leeyihiin qiimo weyn oo taariikhi ah. galidoonaan ayaa sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah matxafyada kale ee Kremlin maqsinka, Church oo ka mid ah dhigaalka khamiiska, Ivan Bell Wayn, Church of Rasuullada tobankii. In tier hoose ee Annunciation Cathedral ee hadalkay si faahfaahsan ka tarjumaysaa theme of cilmi akeoloji Kremlin. matxafyada waxaa sidoo kale wakiil ku dhowaad dhammaan noocyo of art, in heerar kala duwan, ka tarjumaysa dhaqanka ee maxkamadda reer boqor iyo wadaadada sare. dhismaha kasta - waa naqshadaha ah dhismaha gaar ah, oo muujineysa xilligii jeer ee la soo dhaafay. The gudaha ee masterpieces naqshadda qadiimiga yaab leh ay quruxda, kooxda martida ah soo jiidashada marayay style of qarniyadii 16aad iyo 17aad, iyo sidoo kale bartamihii qarnigii 19-ka.

caan

Moscow Kremlin, oo matxafka ma aha oo kaliya kursiga oo ka mid ah soo bandhigaa naadir, laakiin waxay ahaayeen naftooda jira taxadiri dhaqan, waa hoos bacdi ee UNESCO, sare ee hay'adaha amniga. Imaanshaha dhismaha museum weyn ee Moscow la jabiyay dhamaan diiwaanada, waayo, sannaddii xagga iridda Borovitskie iyo ilaa munaaraddii kor Spasskaya on Red Square waa in ka badan laba milyan oo dalxiisayaal ah oo dunida ku baahsan. danta dadka ku dhaqan Ruush qadiimiga ah ma wiiqi, visitors to hoteelka - Hanuuniyaa si fiican u tababaran kuwaas oo doonaya in ay ka hadlaan taariikhda Kremlin Moscow ka, iyo sidoo kale qoyska reer boqor iyo wefdigiisa.

qaadee boqornimada

khasnadda ugu weyn oo ay exposures Kremlin tixgeliyaa Maqsinka hubka, kuwaasoo dhan tours iridda Kremlin ka munaaraddii Borovitskaya ah. Moscow Kremlin, matxafyada, kuwaas oo soo bandhigaa waa kala duwan, waxay leedahay ururinta gaar ah ee qeybaha kale, taas oo ka mid ah qoyska reer boqor oo ka tegey, wakiillo ka abtirsan ugu sareeya, soo dhawaaday u ashtakooday boqorka, la-taliyeyaal iyo kuwii gobta ahaa. Gaadhista waxaa wakiil in tiro balaadhan oo ka fudud in ay gaadhi ku qaadee a multi. Catherine Personal bedeli ku xiga si ay u chaise long-distance, oo ah khasnajiga riixo taagan soo socota si ay markabka labalaab ah Dooxa fiidkii ah.

qolka A gaar ah waxaa loogu talogalay in dhar uu ahaa moodada waqti, meel gaarka ah ayaa waxaa kujira Sakeenah ayaa boqornimada, se dhagaxyo qaali ah, lagu qurxiyey dhogorta Sable. soo bandhigid ugu weyn - Cap ee Monomakh maradiisa hodan hagaajiyeen sumurud iyo dhagax agate la. In qolka xiga waa a collection of "Easter ukunta Faberge". Maxkamadda ayaa dahabtume Carl Fabergé iyo caawiyeyaashiisa ayaa abuuray taxane ah oo masterpieces farshaxanka dahabluhu ee, taas oo ka dhigtay hadalkay dhamaystiran. soo bandhigid ugu muhiimsan waa a collection of Faberge Easter Egg "The Moscow Kremlin". Tani waa suuraddii stylized oo ka mid ah laba munaaradaha ugu caansan ee Kremlin - Badbaadiyaha iyo Vodovzvodnaya.

Towers tuuray daawaha naxaas ah, dahab iyo lacag. Dhexdoodana waxaa u amro si toos ah "ukunta Easter", gudaha oo dahabluhu kaalinta cathedral gudaha waseeqeeyay. Fiiri astaanta Ghadafi on iconostasis ku tyablovom suurto gal ah iyagoo eegaya dhex daaqadaha cusubi. Tani masterpiece farshaxanka dahabluhu ee caan ku tahay xaqiiqda ah in uu marna soohdimaha Russia ka tagay, inkastoo shirkadaha bandhig shisheeye waxaa sharaf ka fiirsan doono haddii oo kaliya markii si ay u ka mid ah in Bannaanbaxyada ay. wax soo saarka A gaarka ah ee dahabluhu caanka ku dul salaysan culus waslad hal onika la yidhaahdo.

bombard

Open-hawada u taagan mid ka mid ah soo bandhigaa ugu caansan ee Moscow Kremlin, Tsar Cannon, madfac u gaar ah, ee sayidkiisa naxaas Andreem Chohovym ee 1586 tuuray. qoriga lagu tilmaamay inay tahay "bombard", iyo dirka cusub waa malaastiisa. core kasta oo miisaan ah oo ku saabsan 2 tons, ballaciisu yahay ee foosto ee qoriga - 890 mm, miisaankana waa boqorka-qoriga 42 tons. Rasaas madaafiic kartaa aragti keliya, maxaa yeelay, si ay u dhaarinayaa, waxaad u baahan tahay in ay sameeyaan dadaal wayn.

masterpiece A bir ah ee kabka

bandhig kale grand - waa Bell Tsar ah. In 1730kii, on amarka Empress Anny Ioannovny, shaqo bilaabay on shubay of dawan ugu weyn ee taariikhda ganacsi macdantu. Qabtaan shaqo oo isku xigta, aabbihiis iyo ina Matorina. Intii lagu guda jiray shaqada diyaarinta Matorin sare dhintay, iyo shuqulka oo dhan lagu lahaa in la sameeyo ina. In 1735 wax walba ay diyaar u tahay geedi socodka buuxintii, lix smelters kariyey god wax taaj oo naxaas ah waxaa diyaar u tahay inay aqbasho biraha la shubay. dawan Ready miisaamay 200 tons oo sarajooggeeduna wuxuu ahaa 6.3 mitir. Si kastaba ha ahaatee haddana dawan waxyeello inta lagu guda jiro dab, ay sabab u tahay heerkulka badala biraha ayaa dillaac iyo miisaan gabal weyn ka qarxay. Sidaas darteed, dhismaha wayn ayaa guntiga u sida dawan kaniisad for belfry ah oo uu noqday gabal matxaf. Moscow Kremlin, matxafyada, taas oo si joogto ah updated la rarities cusub, waxa uu noqday marsada ah ee gaar ah Tsar Bell.

malo Cathedral

Mid ka mid ah kaniisadaha ugu horeysay cad dhagax ee Moscow, Cathedral of male ah, la dhisay goor dambe oo qarnigii 15-by naqshadeeyaha ugu Aristotle Fioravanti. Toddoba sano ka dib dhismaha rinjiile a icon si fiican u yaqaan ahaayeen Diyonusiyos ki ayaa bilaabay rinjiyaynta derbiyada macbudka. Work sii waday ilaa 1515. In dhexe ee Cathedral ee qarnigii 17aad ee saadaasha ah waxaa rinji ka badan, laakiin frescoes jir ah ayaa qayb ahaan la ilaashaa oo waa by fog astaamaha icon-rinjiyeynta ugu qadiimiga ah dhulka oo dhan Kremlin.

Waseeqeeyay Cathedral waa necropolis weyn, taas oo ah been hadhaagii ee Metropolitan ee Kiev, Moscow iyo sagaal Wadaad of Moscow, kuwaas oo ku dhintay qarnigii 17aad.

Cathedral ee Annunciation ah

Markaasaa macbudkii waxaa uu ku yaalaa on Cathedral Square ee Kremlin Moscow ee. Waxaa la dhisay 1489 on qaybta hoose cad-dhagax ee qadiimiga ah, hadhay ka cathedral hore. In 1547 kaniisadda waxaa si ba'an u waxyeeleeyeen dab, oo waxaa lagu dhisay oo keliya ee 1564, iyada oo injineero ah si ay u dhisaan on laba cutub ka chapels meesha allabariga. In 1572, cathedral dhisay ee loo yaqaan balbalada Grozny ah. iconostasis waxay leedahay laba saf oo walxood, "Deesis" iyo "fasax" by Andrei Rublev iyo Feofana Greka. On balbalada jiro image ah oo ka mid ah faylosuufiinta Greek: Aristotle, Homer, Anaxagoras, Plutarch, Blotemigii. Irdihii waqooyiga qurxiyey Bas-reliefs of nebiyado qadiimiga sibyls Roman. cathedral Sex laga sameeyey oo taarikada Jade.

Ilaa qarnigii 18aad, macbudkii waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida kaniisad guri ka mid ah tsars Moscow a. Iyo inta lagu jiro macbudka Annunciation Lagaga Petersburg waa protopresviterianstva matalaad ah.

Cathedral ee Mikaa'iil

kaniisadda Five-domed oo ka mid ah sideed chapels la dhisay qarnigii hore 16-kii. decoration The gudaha ee cathedral la si buuxda u dhammeeyey sano 150 oo kaliya ka dib, iyada oo loo marayo dadaalka of Ranjiilayaasha Fedora Zubova, Stepan Ryazantsev, Iosifa Vladimirova. Goor danbe oo gudaha u muuqday iconostasis tyablovy alwaax, rinji dahab. Sarajooggeeduna wuxuu ahaa 13 mitir.

Mikaa'iil Cathedral caan ku tahay soo necropolis baaxad weyn, taas oo ka mid ah 54 aaska, iyaga ka mid ah - Asheeraah Quduuska ah ee reer Prince Dmitry Ivanovich iyo Chernigovskogo Mihaila. Necropolis sidoo kale waxaa ku jira 46 tombstones isku sharraxdid, iyo guryo kale aaska oo naxaas ah. In 1928, in qolkii hoostiisa macbudka hadhaagii dumarka Romanov iyo Rurik ee lagu wareejiyay, taas oo hore loo nasasiiyay ee Church of keniisad loosoo.

Kremlin Matxafka, hab qalliinka

Mid ka mid ah xarumaha bandhiga ugu muhiimsan ee Russia ka hawl sannad dugsiyeedka oo idil. Hoos waxaa ku qoran jadwalka maalinlaha ah ee bandhigyo, waxaa ka mid ahaa in ay "Kremlin" museum. Saacadaha ay furan tahay qaybaha museum waxaa lagu qaybiyey sida soo socota:

Dhamaan qolalka museum furan yihiin laga bilaabo 10-ka subaxnimo ilaa 17 pm maalin kasta. Inta lagu jiro muddada xagaaga - laga bilaabo 10 ilaa 18 saacadood.

Thursday - maalintii.

xafiiska tikidhada waa maalin furan (marka laga reebo Khamiista) laga bilaabo 9:30 ilaa 16:30, xagaaga - ilaa 17 saacadood. Tikidhada waxaad ka iibsan kartaa Alexander Jannada, saldhigga metro "Lenin Library".

"Maqsinka" museum waxay furan tahay fadhiyada xeerarka: 10.00, 12.00, 14.30, 16.30. Tikidhada waxaa lagu iibiyaa xafiiska sanduuqa 45 daqiiqo ka hor casharka kan ah.

Bandhiga "Antiquities of Kremlin ah", oo ku yaalla Cathedral Annunciation furan yahay maalin kasta (marka laga reebo Thursday): tours hanuuniyey at 10.15, 11.15, 12.15, 13.15, 14.15, 15.15, 16.15.

Qiimaha tikidhada iridda inay Square Cathedral ah - 350 rubles ee dadka waaweyn, 150 rubles ee ardayda.

On ciidaha iyo maalmaha fasaxa waxaa la bixiyaa tigidhada qoyska waa ku salaysan laba qof oo waaweyn iyo laba caruur ah. Qiimaha hal tigidh - 100 rubles.

Qiimaha tikidhada ee maqsinka - 700 rubles ee dadka waaweyn iyo 200 rubles dadka hawlgabka ah, ardayda iyo dugsiyada.

Qadiin ah iyo boostakaaryada

Kremlin Matxafka, bandhigyo, bandhigyo farshaxan, shows mowduuc iyo dhacdooyinka kale waxaa waajib ah in nidaamka, waayo-aragnimo u ururay sanadihii la soo dhaafay. booqde kasta in Kremlin ku salaamay isagoo marti u gacaliyo, hubinta in uu leeyahay oo dhan talooyin lagama maarmaanka ah. Buug, qaabka, qadiin ah, kaararka - oo dhan laga heli karaa tiro kasta. Moscow Kremlin, matxafyada kuwaas oo dan ka dadka adduunka oo dhan, sii wadaan in ay helaan visitors.