Maxay ahaayeen kombiyuutarada ugu horeysay

Taariikhda aadanaha waxa lagu kala saari Karin xidhiidh ula horumarinta cilmiyeed iyo farsamo. raasamaal aqoonta, abuuridda of habab kala duwan, qalabka iyo nidaamka sida niyad ah in ay isticmaalaan fikradda damac joogto ah si loo fududeeyo shaqada culus jirka iyo wadada nin.

Attention maskaxda xiiso leh of alifay aan u tudhin dhibaatada fududeynta ee xisaabta adag. Haddii aan ka fiirsan ereyga "computer" ee Qaabkiisu (Ingiriisi "computer" -. "Calculator"), search for ilaha ay dhacdo in ay wakhtiyadii hore. Sidaas ma aha la yaab leh markii mid Yeeray kombiyuutarada ugu horeysay, xiganaya abacus ee Baabuloon qadiimiga (3000 BC), suanpan Chinese (500 BC) iyo calculator ah sumalka uguma Greek shaqeeya gear, ayuu dheeraad ah oo loo yaqaan "hab Antikythera" (87 CH).

Sii liiska qalabka farsamo oo kala duwan la tirin karo, in aan ku xuso jilbis 13-bit of Leonardo da Vinci (1492), Ruush toban god abacus qarnigii lix, oo ahaa "arrinta saacadaha" Wilhelm Schickard (1623) iyo yaabab kale ee technology waqtiga.

Waxaa xusid mudan war abuurashadoodii Joseph Mari Zhakkar ee 1801. Waxa uu baran karin in ay ka shaqeeyaan gooynayaa sida uu barnaamijka diiwaan on set oo ah kaararka feeray. Iyada oo agaa of this mucjiso technology qalab farsamo u dhow u soo dhawaaday inay qeexidda casriga ah ee computer ah sida qalab in uu yahay awood isku xigxiga si hufan loo dejiyay hawlgallada on barnaamijka shaqada.

In kasta oo qalabka kombiyuutarka farsamo si buuxda shaaca ka qaaday dhammaan waxyaabaha asaasiga ah ee qeexidda of computer ka, dabcan, waxaan xiiso u kombiyuutarada marka hore la isticmaalo horumarka electronic. Markaas waxay ahaayeen in call dalka computer ah, oo dunida oo dhan ay yihiin loo yaqaan kombiyuutarada ee jiilka kowaad.

laambad Electronic uu noqday cunsurka ugu wayn dastuurka la abuuro nidaamka electronic buuxa. The kombiyuutarada marka hore in la abuuray dhexe ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad u eheeyn, qaali ah iyo tamarta. All isku dayo in la abuuro dhamaystiran kombiyuutarada elektaroonik ah in shaybaar ku xamaasad soo gabagaboobey kaliya dhalashada of horumarinta tijaabo ah, taas oo door muhiim ah diyaarinta madal akhriska mustaqbalka ee kaca computer ka yimid.

Waxa kaliya ay dhacdo in meesha kaliya ee wax soo saarka, taas oo aan la arkaa in ay kharash kasta oo ku saabsan horumarka - waa waaxda military-warshadaha. Sida iska cad, waayo sababta this, kombiyuutarada ugu horeysay ee hal mar "saaray epaulets."

Horraantii 1943, ee baahida Navy Maraykanka waxaa la abuuray oo ayaa si guul leh tijaabiyey mashiinka electronic Mark aan, waxaa la abuuray iyada oo ujeedadu of saara xisaabaha ballistic adag. Iyo dhamaadka sanadka in, Colossus computer Ujeedada gaarka ah ee British bilaabay inuu rayi warar qarsoodi ah Jarmal. Waxaan dhihi karaa in computer ugu horeysay ee adduunka ugu ciyaaray door muhiim ah in guuldaradii of Nazi Germany.

Wax yar ka dib, ee 1944, waxaa jiray mashiin dhakhso ah Z4, Konrad Tsuze ay abuure aan kaamil ah oo kaliya qalab ka, laakiin sidoo kale noqday sameeysa ugu horeysay ee heer-sare plankalkül barnaamijyada luqadda.

In 1946 oo ku saleysan aqoon jira iyo horumarka, waxaa jiray computer ENIAC universal ugu horeysay. Abuuritaanka computer ugu horeysay gudaha ayaa dib ilaa 1950. toban sano kaliya ka dib markii horumarinta guul of our asxaabta Western artist Lebedev shaqeeyay in Kiev, wuxuu ka dhisay kombiyuutarada elektarooniga ah marka hore Soviet.