Meesha of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan - aagga of sifooyinka dhulka iyo sifooyinka ah ee dalka

Kazakhstan waa dunida caan ku tahay waynida of danbow ka buurta, lamadegaanka dahsoon, harooyinka sumurud, xoolaha gaar ah oo Caalamka dhirta. Taasi kaliya waa Xusuuso ilbaxnimo hore, kaasoo ah dalka this. Waxaa muddo dheer la deggan yahay qabiil qabiil reer guuraaga ah. Tani waa meesha ay been qayb weyn oo ka mid ah Silk Road Weyn. Sidaas waxa ben la yaab leh oo u gaar ah Kazakhstan?

story

taariikhda dalka ee taariikhda dib ugu muddada innoo - 2.5 milyan oo sano ka BC. e. Xilligii qadiimiga qaadataa VIII qarnigii BC. e. - qarnigii V BC. e. Muddada Dr Makumbe waa at qarniyo V-XVIII. Sheekada A cusub bilaabmaa qarnigii XVIII ka. oo waxay ku dhamaado 1917. Kazakhstan ahayd qayb ka mid ah Russia, Horde Nogai ah, boqortooyada Siberian, Khanate Kazakh ah.

Waxaan martigelin taariikhda la soo dhaafay ka dhacay muddada burburkii Empire Ruush ah in burburkii Midowga Soofiyeeti ee. Phase II A bilaabay December 16, 1991, markii dalka ka noqday waddan madax bannaan dimuqraadi ah oo sharci ah.

Inta lagu jiro jiritaanka map ee dalka Kazakhstan aad bay u kala duwan yahay ay sabab u tahay ka mid noqoshada ee Rayaale kala duwan iyo boqortooyooyinka.

qaybinta maamulka

Sida ku xusan, Kazakhstan, degaanka ee dhulka taas oo ah in ka badan 2 milyan oo mitir oo laba jibbaaran. km, waa dowlad dhexe. Dalku waxa uu leeyahay saddex magaalo jooge Jamhuuriga, 86 magaalo, 14 gobolladiisa, 168 degmo, 174 tuulooyinka.

Sidaas gobolka Kazakhstan waa sida soo socota:

• Akmola.
• Alma-Ata.
• Aktobe.
• Atyrau.
• East Kazakhstan.
• West Kazakhstan.
• South Kazakhstan.
• North Kazakhstan.
• Zhambyl.
• Kostanay.
• Karaganda.
• Kyzylorda.
• Pavlodar.
• Mangistau.

magaalada muhiimad qaran:

• Alma-Ata (Almaty).
• Baikonur.
• Astana - caasimadda.

cimilada

Waxaa xusuus mudan in goobta Kazakhstan waa wax weyn. farqiga Sidaa darteed, in qaybaha kala duwan ee dalka oo laga dheehan karo oo ku saabsan khayraadka cimilada, muuqaalka guud ee dhulka, biyaha.

Kazakhstan fog yahay ka badda, sidaas woqooyi ka cimilada uu yahay mid aad u daran oo qabow, iyo ubaxyadii koonfurta Bloom soo baxay xilli ciyaareedkan. Celceliska heerkulka in January: woqooyi iyo xagga bari - -18 ° C, oo ku yaalla koonfurta - -3 ° C. The heerkulka celceliska July ee waqooyiga +19 ° C, oo ku yaalla koonfurta - + 28 ° .. + 30 ° C.

Dhammaan goobaha of Kazakhstan ku yaalaan meelaha ay 4 cimilada: cidlada, semi-lamadegaanka iyo steppe.

kaalinta degaanka ee waqooyiga dalka aaga steppe ka. Halkan waxaa jira xawaaraha dabaysha oo aad u sarreeya. In xagaaga zone steppe jiilaalka gaaban ah. Spring waa mudada of dayrta.

In zone kaynta-steppe of bannaanka ku yaalaan ee waqooyiga dalka. Xilli gaaban - guga. Muddada waa 3 bilood ee xagaaga iyo jiilaalka - Oktoobar ilaa April.

In semi-cidlada deel oomane waxaa ku yaalla qaybta dhexe ee dalka. jiilaalka halkan waa mid aad u daran, cimiladu waa mid aan degganayn, xagaaga taliya kulaylka loo dulqaadan karin.

In lamadegaanka, oo kala weheliyaan bannaankii Kazakhstan, waxaa jira a xagaaga kulul dheer, hawo qalalan badan, jiilaalka adag.

gargaarka

gargaarka qaraabada jeclaan lahaa in la ogaado in meesha Kazakhstan gaadhaya ¾ degan bannaanka. In bari iyo koonfur-bari waxaad ka arki kartaa safafka buur ee Altai, Tian Shan, Jungar Alataw ah. Waxay ku taallaa galbeed ee niyad-jabka Caspian ah. In xarunta dalka waa nidaam buuraleyda ah ee melkopesochnika Kazakh ah.

khayraadka Biyaha

Xad biyo, waxaan dhihi lahaa in Kazakhstan, oo ku saabsan 8500 Wabiyaal waaweyn iyo kuwa yaryar. Waqooyiga iyo socodka waqooyi-bari ee Irtysh, Tobol, Ishim. Sidoo kale waxaa soohdinta reer dal dalka webiga Ural, ili, Syrdarya. Xilliga xagaaga ee dhexdhexaadka ah oo badan iyo wabiyaal yar wada qallajin doonaa, sababtoo ah cimilada qalalan.

dalka waa Sea Caspian ah. Its qoto dheer waa 5-7 mitir. Waxa intaa dheer in dhulka of Kazakhstan, Badda Caspian waa meel gaarka ah ee Russia, Iran, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan.

Jamhuuriyadda ayaa sidoo kale kaalinta 48 kun harooyinka of iskeel oo kala duwan. ugu weyn waa Balkhash, Zaisan, Tengiz, badda Aral, Alakol.

Dhirta iyo ugaarta

In gobolka kasta oo Kazakhstan, waxaad ka arki kartaa dabeecadda kaliya ee dhirta iyo ugaarta iyada. Sidaas daraaddeed, in dalka ayaa laga helay gurigooda of 480 nooc oo ka mid ah shimbiraha, 155 - nuujiya, 150 - kalluunka. In lamadegaanka iyo semi-lamadegaanka ku kulmi karaan xamaarato iyo cayayaan. In steppe saiga live, cawl, in Yeeyi Cunto, bakaylaha, jiirka, Dawacooyinku, dawacooyinka. The harooyinka ee dalka da'da ah Swansea, berriga, gulls, shinbiraha, flamingos. In buuraha waxaad ka heli kartaa shabeelka barafka, riyaha buurta, orso, ido, deerada, iyo haadda badan.

Sida flora ah, waxaa sidoo kale la ogaadaa kartaa kala duwan. On dhulka of Kazakhstan koraan junipers, kaymaha geed, bjørk, tufaax, Aspen. Highlands kala duwan Alpine iyo subalpine seeraha iyo lamadegaanka iyo semi-lamadegaanka - sagebrush-cawska, caws-forb, dhirta sagebrush-saltwort. In koonfureed waxaad ka arki kartaa sida hannaankii gaarka ah ee flora - tsitvarnaya ama dacar Santonin.

digga

Kazakhstan Area (Km sq.) - 2,724 million, dalka kaalinta on tilmaame this ee booska sagaalaad ee dunida. Jamhuuriyadda Populous waa on 60 meesha. Laakiin taasi macnaheedu ma aha in dadka reer Republic of Kazakhstan noqon doonaan saami dalka. Sidaas daraaddeed, maanta waxay hoy u tahay in ka badan 17.098.500 dadka. Waxaa soo baxday in 1 sq. km waxaa jira dad keliya 6.

Kazakhstan soohdinta - iyadoo Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, China. Waa wax caadi ah oo kaliya in ay dalka ku nool Kazakhs, Ruush, Yukrayn, Uzbek, Uighurs, Jarmalka, tataarka. soohdimaha Kazakhstan Sidee, waxaa laga arki karaa on map ee maqaalka.

soo jiidashada

Kazakhstan caan ku tahay soo jiidashada its. Dad badan ayaa soo wac dalka this museum u furan-hawada ah. Dalku wuxuu ku raaxaysan karaan aragtida muuqaal dabiici ah oo qurux badan iyo taxadiri taariikhi ah.

Sidaas, qof kasta oo doonayo in ay booqdaan in Lake Burabay degaanka Kokshetautskoy in daboolay halyeeyada; la kulmaan quruxda ee seeraha Alpine ee ku Alataw Trans-ili iyo Bbc sharafta leh ee waadi Charyn webiga.

Mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu quruxda badan waa Almaty. Waxay ku taalaa at cagta ee ka Alataw Trans-ili. Almaty soo jiidata dalxiisayaasha la ensembles naqshadda asalka ah. U dhow magaalada jiro kayd dabeecadda gaarka ah, kaas oo loo qoondeeyay in ka badan 90 kun oo hektar.

In Southern Kazakhstan arki kartaa xabaalaha badan oo ka mid ah boqorrada dalka Saki. aaska et iska leh xilligii birta. Its dhexroor ka badan yahay 104 mitir, iyo height - 17 mitir ama ka badan. meel No in Eurasia aan ku faani karo oo ah sida uruuray sare oo tuulmo aaska of Kings ah.

Imaanshaha ee Kazakhstan, dalxiis kasta oo jeclaan lahaa in ay booqdaan magaalooyinka soo socda in u sheego taariikhda iyo taariikhda dhismaha dawlad-goboleedka,

• Astana.
• Almaty.
• Aktau.
• Aktobe.
• Atyrau.
• Baikonur.
• Balkhash.
• Borovoye.
• Zhezkazgan.
• Karaganda.
• Kokshetau.
• Kostanay.
• Kyzylorda.
• Pavlodar.
• Petropavlovsk.
• Qoysaska.
• Taldykorgan.
• Taraz.
• Turkestan.
• Uralsk.
• Ust-Kamenogorsk.
• Shymkent.

dhaqanka

yihiin fasaxyada dadweynaha:

• March 8,
• March 22,
• January 1,
• August 30,
• December 16,
• May 1,
• May 9,
• July 6.

Tan iyo markii ay meesha Kazakhstan waa wax weyn oo ay degan yihiin dad diimaha kala duwan, ciidaha diiniga ah waa Eid Ramadan iyo Kurban Ait.

Qof kasta waa ogyahay in dadka Jamhuuriyadda - dad aad u dhawayn. Waayo, Kazakhs iman kartaa iyada oo aan la marti qaaday, oo mulkiiluhu ku faraxsanaan doonaa. Waxaa ka mid ah qaababka caan ku Kazakhs waxaa loo qoondeeyey dulqaad, nabad, ixtiraam odayaasha. tayada oo dhammu ay keeneen in kasta oo tan iyo carruurnimada, sidaas gobolka lahayn colaadaha isirka ama diinta.

Iyadoo in Kazakhstan dhaqan isku qasan quruumaha kala duwan, inta badan dadka ku nool dalka hadli Ruush. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay noqday luqadaha gaar ahaan caan Kazakh iyo Ingiriisi. Kuwa dalka deggan oo la odhan karaa waa "Kazakhstani" ama "Kazakh". Inkastoo, sida ay muujinayso dhaqanka caalamiga, ka dib oo dhan, ereyga "Kazakh" waa ka used.

xiriirka caalamiga ah

Kazakhstan taageertaa xiriirka caalamiga ah oo dhan xubno ka tirsan Qaramada Midoobay. The dalalka ugu muhiimsan ee lamaanahaaga geopolitical yihiin: Midowga Yurub, Maraykanka, Shiinaha, dalalka Bariga Dhexe iyo Ruushka.

Tan iyo 2005, Republic waxay bilaabeen in ay si firfircoon horumarinta geedi socodka dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka la Yakutia, Tatarstan, Chuvashia, Bashkortostan, Shiinaha. State shaqayn ah la yeelanayn OSCE ah, CAC, Golaha Turkic ka hadlayay Maraykanka, Ururka Islaamka iskaashiga, CSTO ah, CIS, EurAsEC, SCO, CICA, iwm

Republic ka qeyb qaadanaya hawlaha nabad ilaalinta badan. Tusaale ahaan, injineero ka Kazakhstan ayaa u suurtagashay in ay uga takhalusi lahaayeen in ka badan 5 million dhufays ee Ciraaq. Dawladdu waxay kaloo bixisaa gargaar dhaqaale dalalka sida Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan iyo Tajikistan.

La macaamilka Ruushka, Kazakhstan waxaa ka shaqeeya marka la eego Midowga Customs ah, iyaga oo raacaya Ammaanka Treaty Collective, waxaa la arkaa in ay wadan xubin ka ah CIS ah. Xiriirka Shiinaha ayaa noqotay more saaxiibtinimo iyo saaxiib.

On iskaashiga dhaqaale ee la odhan karaa in dawladda uu hogaaminayo siyaasad firfircoon la leedahay dalalka CIS, faa'iido u ah aagga of Kazakhstan waxay u saamaxdaa. views geopolitical Qaraabo la odhan karaa in dawladda ayaa had iyo jeer isku dayday in ay dhex-dhexaad ah.

Kazakhstan - wadan in uu ku guulaystay kalsoonida wadamada kale, guuleystay Misbaax in beesha caalamka. Waxay caan ku tahay xasilloonida dhaqaalaha, geopolitics iyo dhaqanka.