"Naftooda Dhimatay": macnaha magaca. Gabayga Nikolaya Vasilevicha Gogolya

Waxaa galaa print mugga ugu horeysay ee "Naftooda Dhimatay" Gogol ee May 1842.. Shaqada lagu uuraysan by qoraaga intii uu shaqada on the "Isbatooraha". In "Naftooda Dhimatay" Gogol loola jeedaa in dulucda ugu weyn ee uu shaqada: fasalada talada haya ee bulshada Ruush. qoraaga qudhiisa ayaa yiri: "Dad badan oo weyn iyo abuurista, oo aan ugu dhakhsaha badan noqon dhamaadka waxaa ka mid ah." Indeed, "Dhimatay Naftooda" - arrin cajiib ah taariikhda korhin Ruush iyo dunida.

"Dhimatay Naftooda" - korhin a on serfdom

"Naftooda Dhimatay" - shaqo ah oo xaqiiqo muhiim ah. Tani waa bedelka ee tiraab Gogol Pushkin ee. Wuxuu ku hadlaa ku saabsan bogagga gabay ee digression ku saabsan laba nooc oo ah qorayaasha (VII cutubka). Waxa uu kuu furayaa feature ee xaqiiqo Gogol ee: awood u leh inay soo bandhigaan oo ay u muujiyaan a oo dhan ayna duleella u dhow-up aadanaha ee dabiiciga ah, oo aan had iyo jeer muuqata. In "Dhimatay Naftooda" muuqataa mabaadii'da aasaasiga ah ee xaqiiqo:

1. Historicism. piece waxaa qoran oo ku saabsan waqtiga la qoraa casriga ah - line 20-30 sano ee qarnigii XIX - ka dibna serfdom soo maray dhibaato aad u daran.
2. dabeecadda caadiga ah iyo duruufaha. Mulkiilayaasha iyo qabqablayaasha satirically muujinayaa leh diiradda muhiim u xoog badan, ayaa muujinaya noocyada bulshada ugu weyn. Waxay bixisaa in faahfaahinta Gogol fiiro gaar ah.
3. makiinada garneel. Waxaa la gaaray characters feature qoraalka xaaladaha maadda ah, qabashada ay buunbuunin characters ee la soo dhaafay, iyadoo la isticmaalayo hadal Kacdoonkii barbardhig iyo maahmaahyo.

magacaabi taasoo la micno ah: suugaan iyo sarbeebta ah

Gogol ay qorsheyneyso in ay qoraan shaqo ka mid ah saddex muda. Sida ku salaysan wuxuu qaaday "Ilaahnimadu Comedy" Dante Aligeri. Sidoo kale, "Naftooda Dhimatay" ahaayeen in ay ka kooban yihiin saddex qaybood. Xitaa horyaalka ee maansadu loola jeedaa akhristaha in mabaadii'da Christian.

Waa maxay sababta "Dhimatay Naftooda"? Magaca laftiisa - oxymoron ah, is barbar dhigma. Soul - waa walax in iska leh kuwa nool, oo aan kuwii dhintay. Isticmaalka farsamada this, Gogol wuxuu na siinayaa rajo in dhamaan aan la lumay, in bilow wanaagsan in nafaha mulkiilayaasha iyo qabqablayaasha curyaan la dhalatey karo. Tani waxay ahayd in uu noqdo iyo mugga labaad.

macnaha magaca gabay "Dhimatay Naftooda" been in dhowr diyaaradood. On dusha sare - dareenka suugaan, maxaa yeelay, waxaa dadkii ku dhintay oo ka mid ah beeraleyda ku dhintay waraaqaha maamul. Dhab ahaantii, tani waa nuxurka musuqmaasuq Chichikov: iibsan serfs dhintay iyo lacag rahaamad u qaataan. In duruufaha iibinta qastaan oo ay muujinaysaa characters ugu weyn. "Dhimatay Naftooda" - laftiisa waa mulkiilayaasha iyo saraakiisha wajahay Chichikov, maxaa yeelay, waxaa iyaga ku dhex jiraan wax ka hadhay aadanaha, isagoo nool. Waxay waxaa laga saaray by bakhayli (madaxda), blockhead (Boll), cadaawadda (sanka) iyo roughness (Sobakevich).

Macnaha qoto dheer oo magaca

Dhammaan dhinacyada kala duwan ee u furan cusub waxaad ka akhrisan maansadu "Naftooda dhintay". Micnaha ay horyaalka, moolka dheer ee alaabta lagu dhuunto, naga sii fekero xaqiiqda ah in qof kasta, nin fudud ee wadada, ugu danbeyn laga yaabaa in gelin Manilow ama Nozdryov. Enough qalbigiisa ku jira inuu hoos u degaan yar hamiday ah. Oo isna ma aragto sida waxaa vzrastet ku xigeenka. Si taas loo gaaro, Cutubka XI Gogol dhiiri akhristaha si qoto dheer eegto ah oo naftayda iyo jeegga: "Oo waa waxaa i soo dhacday qayb ka tirsan Chichikov?"

Gogol dhigay gabay "Dhimatay Naftooda" dareenka magacyadoodu ku duugan, isla markiiba furitaanka akhristaha, laakiin in geeddi-socodka ah ee fikirka ku saabsan shaqada.

asalnimada ku sifayn

Marka "Dhimatay Naftooda" falanqaynta kicisaa su'aasha kale: "maxaad Gogol waxaa Positioning sheyga sida gabay?" Indeed, asalnimada ku sifayn uunka oo waa mid gaar ah. Iyada oo ka shaqeeya wax soo saarka ee Gogol in warqado uu saaxiibo la wadaago natiijada hal abuur ay, ugu yeeray "Dhimatay Naftooda" iyo gabay iyo sheeko.

On bogga horyaalka ah nuqulka kowaad waxaa ku qornaa: "The Tacaburka ee Chichikov, ama dhintay Naftooda" (qaybta hore ee faafreebka this) - iyo Cinwaan ah "Gabayga" waxaa hoosta laga xariiqay sii weyn. Qoraagu wuxuu isaga qudhiisa ku adkeystay in la si yeelay "Naftooda dhintay". macnaha magaca sheyga waa la dhimay si gabay in Gogol la qorsheeyay in ay sii wadaan shaqada, iyo in muda labaad iyo saddexaad tusi nooleenta ee characters xun. Oo markaas "Naftooda Dhimatay" ka korhin galay gabay jeestay.

Tani ma laysan muuqaalada ku sifayn ee alaabta "Dhimatay Naftooda" ah. Micnaha ay horyaalka ka mid ah uu gabay lagu sharaxay by Nikolai Vasilievich ee buuga suugaanta. Waxaa uu ku baaqay in nooca gabayga, dhexe dhexeeya Tacaddi iyo sheeko ka. At xarunta of sifayn waa in la noqdo geesi - nin caadi ah, iyada oo adventures muujinaya caadooyinkii Zaman casriga ah. Tusaalaha of Gogol keenaysaa "Don Quixote" ee Cervantes.

Intaa waxaa dheer, ee "Naftooda Dhimatay" waa arrin kale, ku dheehan yahay sheyga waxaa loo arkaa inay gabay - ka digressions lyrical badan, caan ku chanter ee ku sifayn ah.

Intaa waxaa dheer in ay sifooyinkaasi, "Naftooda Dhimatay" ula soohdinteeda novel ah picaresque, iyo xataa bulshada. Laakiin si ay tixraac shaqo ee ku sifayn this muhiim ma aha in ay sabab u la'aanta ah ee hindiga.

Heroes iyo anti-geesiyaal maansadu

In mugga ugu horeysay ee "Dhimatay Naftooda" ( "Jahannamo" by Dante) Gogol qorsheeyay si ay u muujiyaan sharka - Saraakiisha sharta iyo fasalka mulkiilaha. Waxaa la ogaaday iyada oo loo marayo nidaamka images. naftiinna Heroes-dhintay - saraakiisha iyo dadka dhulka leh kuwa, kaas oo la kulmay Chichikov, samayso machinations xariif ah.

Images of dadka dhulka leh soo bandhigay la sii kordhaya hoos u ruuxiga ah iyo turpitude moral. In sharaxaad ka mid ah mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah Gogol diiradda on xaqiiqada ah in tani ma aha kiis gaar ah, iyo nooca dadka, "Manilow iska leh dadka si-si"; Box - "Mid ka mid ah matushkas kuwa"; "Dadka sida Nozdryov, qof kasta wuxuu lahaa si ay ula kulmaan garoomo dhowr ah." dad damiir sabool noocan oo kale ah waxay abuurtaa jawi bulsho. In maansadu, ku xukuntay dadka dhulka leh iyo nidaam dhulgoosadka oo dhan guud ahaan labadaba.

image kale oo xun ee gabayga "Naftooda Dhimatay" - xafiiseedyada ah. Magaalada waxay leedahay halligaad iyo fowdo. Xafiiseed - meel aad ka dhigi kartaa faa'iido. Geedi socodka ah ee laaluush helo saaray durdur. Xusuusnow dhacdo marka Chichikov laaluush Ivan Antonovich. Falalka saraakiisha keenay automatism: arki biilka - daboolaa warqad - in ay iska in wax walba eey fiican.

characters xun u sameeyaan macnaha magaca maansadu - "Naftooda dhintay". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida laga soo xigtay Gogol, ma aha oo dhan xun, laba ka mid ah geesiyaal uu leeyahay fursad ah si loo hagaajiyo. kicinta Geeddi-socodka ah ee mooshinka dhintay oo la xidhiidha qaybaha. Laba gabayo characters muujiyay in geeddi-socodka horumarinta: siiyey Biography ah iyo Eliiyaah Chichikov. Gogol Tani Maldahan in ay awoodaan in la beddelo mustaqbalka yihiin.

Shaki kuma jiro geesi wanaagsan in maansadu - waa qoraaga, waxaa shaaca ka qaaday iyada oo digressions lyrical. Waxa uu fahamsan yahay iyo wuxuu jecel yahay Russia, arka fursad wayn dadka Ruush. Intaa waxaa dheer, ku nuuxnuuxsaday Gogol u tayo wanaagsan oo ka mid ah dadka Ruush, af hadda nasoo, shaqo adag, daacadnimo, asalnimada iyo inventiveness. Waxaa isbeddelkan ogolaan doonaa in Russia si ay u noqdaan a heer sare shimbir-gudomiyaha.

On mugga labaad ee "Dhimatay Naftooda"

In gobolka of crisis hal abuur leh qoto dheer in Gogol qoray mugga labaad ee "Dhimatay Naftooda" muddo toban sanadood ah. In uu waraaqaha, wuxuu inta badan ka cawda in ay saaxiib la ah in ay tahay mid aad u dhagan oo run ahaantii aan ka dhergin.

Gogol loola jeedaa habboonaanta, Kostanzhoglo ah mulkiilaha image wanaagsan: xikmad masuul ka, shaqaalaynta cilmiga sayniska dubaan, qalab. Under saameynta ay Chichikov Fiirsanaya xidhiidhka uu la leeyahay xaqiiqada iyo isbedelka wanaagsan.

Maxaa yeelay, gabay "Been muhiim ah" ee, Gogol gubay mugga labaad ee "Naftooda dhintay".