Naqshada caan Monferran Ogyust: Biography, shaqada

St. Petersburg, ama, sida ay sidoo kale waxaa la odhan jiray Northern Palmira, oo muuqashadeeduna rogo ma aha in ugu yaraan ay waajib ku ah in injineero Yurub oo la marti qaaday ciqaab Ruush ay decoration iyo heshiis. iyaga ka mid ah waa naqshadeeyaha ugu Montferrand. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah uu abuuray oo uu maanta ka mid ah calaamadaha ugu caansan ee magaalada on River Neva yihiin oo waxaad qurxisaan inta badan qoraalo dalxiiska.

Ogyust Monferran: A Biography (childhood)

Anri lui Ogyust Rikar de Montferrand ku dhashay 1786dii ee de Qaraqmeen ku Chaillot (hadda qayb ka mid ah Paris). Sida uu qirtay in isaga qudhiisa dhise mustaqbalka, waalidkiis soo Halyeeyga ee uu ka soo jeedo laandheere, isagoo intaa ku daray in magaca magaca xaafadda, kaas oo si dhab ah loo leeyahay.

dhimashada Auguste aabihii ka dib markii, hooyadiis guursatay. Adeer, kuwaas oo ahaa a dhise caanka ah, isla markiiba ku dhacay jacayl la wiilka xariif ah, oo wuxuu sameeyey wixii uu helay waxbarasho wanaagsan.

sano ka yar

In 1806, Ogyust Monferran qirtay in Academy Paris ee Architecture, halkaas oo macalimiin ahaayeen P. Fontaine, Charles Percy iyo adeer Antoine commarin. Under jihada dambe, wuxuu ka qayb qaatay dhismaha oo ka mid ah Church of Marii Magdaliny. Si dhakhso ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, uu qoray ciidanka, oo muddo isna wuxuu u adeegay in Italy.

On uu ku soo laabtay Paris, at da'da 26 sano, Ogyust Monferran guursaday, laakiin in muddo ah ka dib markii uu sheegay inuu doonayo inuu galaan Guard Napoleonic ah. In dagaalka Arno ah, ayuu cadeeyay nin geesi ah oo abaal Legion of Honor. Waxaa laga yaabaa in Montferrand sii wadi lahaa mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed military, haddii aan guuldaradii of Napoleon ee dagaalka Leipzig, wax yar ka dib markii taas oo ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo ka fariistay.

Shirkii Alexander koowaad

Maanta, waxa muuqan kara qalaad, laakiin Faransiis ah adkaaday si aqlabiyad Boqortooyada Ruush muwaadiniinta walaacsan oo aan cadaawad kasta. Waxaa intaa dheer, Ogyust Monferran ahaa mid aad u faraxsan markii uu helay dhagaystayaasha la Alexander the Great. boqorkii wuxuu siiyey album la dhawr mashruuc oo naqshadda, daboolka kuwaas oo furitaankii waxaa lagu qoray in Emperor Ruushka. iyaga dhex yiil, Dakatu of obelisk weyn, taalada farda fuul, de Arc ku Triomphe , iyo kuwa kale. King gaar ahaan liked xaqiiqda ah in lagu rakibay sawiro liis kooban oo qalabka dhismaha lagama maarmaanka u ah fulinta mashruuca a, iyo qiimaha kharashka lagu qiyaasay ayaa lagu cayimay.

Muddo ka dib, ka dib markii dhagaystayaasha la naqshadeeyaha ugu Montferrand helay warqad rasmi ah, taas oo magaca Alexander I yeedhay isaga inuu yimaado St. Petersburg.

Guuritaanka ee Russia

Ogyust Monferran oo aan ka waaban hor inta uusan go'aansan on isbedel xagjirka ah ee uu noloshiisa. In 1816, naqshadeeyaha ugu caasimada Northern la yimid warqad ka timid Abraham-lui Brege in Augustine Betancourt. Last qabtay jagada Guddoomiyaha Guddiga Petersburg St. ee Qorsheynta Magaalada, iyo bacdi noqon kartaa dhise PSG aad waxtar leh. Betancourt ayaa waxaa soo jiitay by warqadda Breguet, taas oo 1770s waxay ahayd lammaane ganacsi, si hammuun aqbalay France isku raacay in ay eegaan sawirada uu. Oo wuxuu lahaa inuu ka shaqeeyo inuu ka jeelahay, oo wuxuu ku martiqaaday ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa in ay qaataan jagada madaxa Ranjiilayaasha ee guddiga madax isaga by. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, naqshada Montferrand ah yaase u diiday oo waxay doorteen in ay isu diiwaangeliyaan si draftsman sare ee gobolka. The galo rasmiga ah ee reer France tayo ee adeegga Ruush lagu qabtay December 21, 1816.

dhismaha ugu horeysay in naqshadeeyaha ugu Montferrand dhisay caasimada Ruushka, wuxuu ahaa gurigii Lobanov-Rostovsky. Waxaa ku yaal Avenue Admiralty ah, iyo ka dib waxaa lagu haynayaa Wasaaradda War.

Cathedral St. Isxaaq

Ogyust Monferran aysan awoodin in ay si deg deg ah laftiisa ku xoogeeyo adeegga cusub. Laga soo bilaabo ka mid ah uu yimid mar hore ka badan tahay 7 sano ayaa ka soo wareegtay in Russia markii Alexander I ugu horeysay ku dhawaaqay dhaylo ah ee dhismaha cathedral cusub on goobta of St. wuxuu Isxaaq u jir. Isla mar ahaantaana ansixinta a shuruud mashruuca ahaa in nafo ay horey u gooni uga dhigay saddex meelood oo allabari. In 1813, ayaa mar kale bilaabay inuu raadiyo muhandas kuwaas oo awoodi doonaan in ay la qabsadaan hawshan. Waxay heshay ogolaansho ugu sarreeya ee mashruuca, kuwaas oo soo bandhigay Montferrand. Waxa lagu ansixiyay 20 February 1818. Dhismaha qaadatay in ka badan 40 sano, iyo kuwa la dhameystiray oo kaliya inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Alexander II.

shaqada naqshada ayaa waxaa si deeqsinimo ah abaal. Montferrand heshay darajo sare ee State Degaanka iyo lacag 40 000 rubles lacagta. Intaa waxaa dheer, oo uu ku gudoon siiyo bilad dahab ah, qurxiyey dheeman.

Alexander column

Inta lagu guda jiro tobanka sano ee hore ee joogitaankaaga Russia, marka lagu daro goobaha hore u soo sheegnay, Montferrand loogu talagalay dhismaha Richelieu Lyceum ee Odessa, Kochubey Palace, adag warshadaha ee Nizhny Novgorod, Moscow Manege iyo kuwa kale.

In 1829, Nicholas II go'aansaday inuu sii hurin xusuusta reer guul walaalkiis. In uu buugga ku Square Palace waxay ahayd in ku degdegin ilaa Column Alexander ah. Ogyust Monferran ka wanaagsan yahay asxaabta kale ee niyad jabka leh horumarka ee ay mashruucan, ayaa in ka badan sidaas oo sannado badan loo kobciyo fikradda ah qaab-dhismeedka noocan oo kale ah. Dhismaha qaaday 5 sano iyo 1834 ka hor Palace Winter ee furitaanka waaweynaa ee taallo, kaas oo ay wali loo arko mid ka mid ah qurxinta magaalada on Neva ah. Sida calaamad u soo dhoweeyey dadaalka ay Montferrand waxaa la guddoonsiiyey Order ee St. Vladimir oo ahaa darajadii saddexaad, oo lacagta lacag dhan 100 kun oo rubles lacagta.

sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa

Ka dib markii furtaan naagtiisa ugu horeysay Montferrand sanado badan ka hadhay ilaa in 1835 oo aan ku guursaday Aktarada hore ee Faransiiska Elise Deboner, taas oo ku hadhay isaga ilaa maalmaha ugu dambeeya ee uu noloshiisa. shaqada ugu danbeysay ee naqshadeeyaha ugu noqday mashruuca taallo Emperor Nicholas I ee St. Petersburg. Dhimashada hortagi Montferrand buuxiso shaqo this, iyo shaqo la buuxiyaa dhise D. Efimov.

Haddaba aad u ogaato faahfaahinta nolosha in uu ku noolaa naqshadeeyaha ugu ahaa kii dhisay Cathedral St. Isxaaq. Ogyust Monferran in ka badan 40 sano ku qaatay Russia iyo waa qoraaga shuqullo badan, kuwaas oo weli u bogi kaamilka ah ee foomka iyo asalnimada design.