Ololaha Dibadda ciidanka Ruushka

Ka dib guuldaradii dagaalka ee falalka ciidamada Napoleon ayaa loogu talagalay eryidda ee Faransiis ka dal ee Western Europe. Sayidka bilaabay olole shisheeye ee ciidamada dalka Ruushka. 1812 waxay ahayd bilowgii dhaqdhaqaaqa milatari. Inkastoo ay guul darro, ciidamada Napoleon ee weli xoog ku filan.

ololaha Dibadda ee ciidamada dalka Ruushka ee 1813 oggol yahay in ay nadiifiso ka territory Faransiiska ee Poland iyo Vistula ah. Oo wuxuu ku amray ciidamada Ruush, Field Marshal Kutuzov. In xilli dibada ciidanka Ruush Kutuzov Kalisz la saxiixay heshiis on isbahaysiga Ruush-Prussian ka dhanka ah Napoleon. Heshiiskan calaamadsan bilowgii isbahaysiga lixaad ka dhanka ah Faransiis ah. Isbahaysiga Tan waxaa lagu taageeray by quruumaha Yurub, ku simaha ee halganka ka dhanka harqoodka of Napoleon.

ololaha Dibadda ee ciidamada dalka Ruushka in lala ciidamada Prussian bilaabay dabayaaqadii March. In Germany, si ballaaran biloowday dhaqdhaqaaqa dhuumaalaysiga ah ee gadaalka dambe ee Faransiis ah. Ciidamada Ruush dadka deegaanka ayaa soo dhaweeyay sida liberators. Bartamihii bishii April ee isla sanadkaas (1813), Napoleon xoogga 200 kun oo qof ka dhanka ah ciidamada Ruush-Prussian in xaddiga oo ku saabsan 92 kun. Waqtigaas, ciidamada Ruush amray by Wittgenstein (dhimashada Kutuzov ka dib), ka dib markii hoggaanka ciidanka inuu ka Barclay de Tolly maray.

Xulafadooda (Russia iyo Prussia) adkaaday horeysay April 20 at Lützen, May 8-9, ka dibna at Bautzen. ololaha Dibadda ciidanka Ruush dhamaaday markii wareegto ka mid ah heshiis xabbad joojin ah (23 May). Waxaa socday ilaa 29 July.

In wadahadalo kula Napoleon u dhaqmeen sida dhexaadin ah Austria. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ahaayeen kuwa aan lagu guulaysan. Sidaas darteed, dawladda Austria la France ka jareen oo dhan xiriirka. Napoleon dhigay Sweden, ee la xidhiidha dawladda Ruush ee 1812 heshiiska. Iyada oo Russia iyo Prussia soo gabagabeeyey shir a United Kingdom, si loo siiyo kaalmo dhaqaale. heshiisyada Teplice (1813, September 28) lagu saxiixay dhexeeya Xulafada iyo Austria, ugu dhakhsaha badan ku soo biiray by the union iyo Boqortooyada Ingiriiska.

Sidaas darteed, waxaa jiray oo ku saabsan 492.000 oo qof oo xilli ciyaareedkan soo socda dibada ciidanka Ruush oo ka mid ah ciidamada huwanta ah (Ruush 173,000). Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah ayaa la midoobeen saddex ciidammadooda. About 237 kun oo askari oo soo galay ciidanka Bohemian. Waxay amray Austria Field Marshal Schwarzenberg. About 100 kun oo qof sameeyay ciidamada Blücher Silesian (Field Marshal of Prussia). In ka badan 150 kun oo qof si ay u Army Northern ah, kaas oo la amray by Bernadotte (Swedish Crown Prince) u yimid. Si Hamburg ayaa loo magacaabay by jirka ah oo kala duwan, oo ka kooban 30 kun oo qof.

Isla mar ahaantaana ciidanka Napoleon ee ka koobnayd 440,000 oo askari. Qaybta ugu weyn ee ciidamada military oo ku yaalla Saxony.

August 1813 calaamadeeyay counter-weerar oo ka mid ah ciidamada huwanta ah. ciidanka Bohemian 14 iyo 15 August ka adkaadeen dagaalka (dagaal dhaw) la ciidamada ugu weyn ee Faransiis ah. Ciidamada Napoleon ee ay isku dayayaan inay ka daba regiments adkaaday, laakiin ururkii Ruush tuureen cadowga ee dagaalka Kulm (17-18 August). Ciidamada Faransiis hoos amarka Macdonald adkaaday dagaal la ciidankii reer Silesia iyo Northern Army adkaaday ciidamada Oudinot.

soo gaartay ciidanka Napoleon ee ka dhacay ka dib markii guurka u weerar guud ee Allied. dagaal Tani (Leipzig) ahaa ka afraadna wuxuu u soo toddobaad ee October ee 1813.

Haraadiga Ciidamada Faransiis tegey guud ahaan Rhine ah. In Hamburg, waxaa la hareereeyey by Davout.

Sidaas darteed ciidammada talaabo military weheliso guul isbahaysiga la Napoleon ayaa lagu qasbay in ay ka tanaasulaan Denmark oo saxiixay la UK iyo Sweden, heshiisyada nabadda ee 1814. Intaa waxaa dheer, Denmark waajib ku ah inay dagaal la Faransiis ah biiro.

Next, ciidanka Napoleon ee laga saaray xulka Holland. Mid ka mid ah natiijooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee ololaha ee 1813 ahaa xoraynta ee Germany ka soo duulay Faransiis.