Oxides aasaasiga ah iyo xoolahoodii,

Oxides - walax kuwaas oo u taagoo ka kooban yihiin la eb oxygen ah ee lagu qayilo - 2 iyo atamka ee element labaad.

oxides waxaa la aasaasay by dareen toos ah oo u dhexeeya oxygen iyo walax kale ah ama si dadban - by daatay ee saldhigyada, cusbada, acids. xeryahooda nooca noocan oo kale ah waa mid aad u baahsan ee dabiiciga ah, iyo jiri karaan qaab gaas, dareere ama adke. qolof dhulka ayaa sidoo kale oxides. Tusaale ahaan, ciid, miridhku, carbon dioxide , iyo xataa biyaha caadiga ah - waa dhan tusaale u ah oxides.

Waxaa jira sida a oxides cusbo-sameynta iyo nesoleobrazuyuschie. Salt-sameynta iyada oo sababtu tahay reaction kiimikada dhalidda cusbada. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah oxides biraha iyo nonmetals, taas oo dareen-celin biyo si ay u sameeyaan acid, iyo falcelin saldhig - Cusbada leh, caadi ah oo acidic. Si aad u, milix-sameynta waxaa ka mid ah, tusaale ahaan xabagta copper.

Iyadoo la raacayo, ka cusbo ah nesoleobrazuyuschih wax aan macquul aheyn. Tusaale ahaan, carbon dioxide, xabagta dinitrogen, iyo xabagta nitrogen.

oxides Salt-sameynta kala qaybsan yihiin, markeeda, on aasaasiga ah, acid iyo amphoteric. Waxaan ka hadli doonaa ka badan si faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan weyn.

Sayidka, ka oxides asaasiga ah - waa oxides biraha qaarkood, hydroxides u dhiganta oo ka tirsan fasalka saldhigyadii. Taasi waa, by ficil la acid ah walxaha sida sameeyaan biyo iyo milix. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa K2O, Cao, MgO, iyo wixii la mid ah. In xaaladaha caadiga ah, ay oxides aasaasiga ah waa qaababka crystalline adag. Degree biraha oksileniya in xeryahooda sida caadiga ah waa in aan ka badnayn laba ama saddex dhif.

guryaha Chemical ah oxides aasaasiga ah

1. Reaction la acid

Waa dareen la xabagta ah acid mid muujinaysa sida ay guryaha aasaasiga ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee tijaabo kuwaas caddayn karaan xabagta a nooc gaar ah. Haddii milix iyo biyaha sameeyay - halkan, xabagta a aasaasiga ah. oxides acidic dhexgalka foomka acid sida. A muujiyaan karaa sifooyinka amphoteric ama acidic, ama aasaasiga ah - waxay ku xiran tahay xaaladda. Kuwanu waa farqi weyn oo u dhexeeya a oxides nesoleobrazuyuschih.

2. Reaction biyo

In la dhexgalo biyo galaan kuwa oxides biraha taas oo loo sameeyay qaar ka mid ah danab korontada, magnesium jeeda. Marka reaction biyo, ay u sameeyaan saldhig L. Kooxdaan oxides dhulka xumadoodu iyo biraha alkali (xabagta barium, xabagta lithium, iwm). oxides acidic biyo si ay u sameeyaan acid, iyo amphoteric ma falceliyaan biyaha.

3. Reaction la oxides acidic iyo amphoteric

Soo horjeeda oxides dabeecada kiimikada fal kasta oo kale, oon la xirrira cusbo ah. Tusaale ahaan, oxides aasaasiga ah fal karaa acid, laakiin aadan ka jawaabin xubnaha kale ee kooxda. Oo ah kuwa ugu firfircoon yihiin oxides biraha alkali, xumadoodu-dhulka iyo magnesium. Xataa in xaaladaha caadiga ah, ay ku dhisnayd la oxides amphoteric adag, adag oo gaseous acid. Marka reaction la oxides acidic, waxay sameeyaan ku cusbada baahisey.

Laakiin oxides aasaasiga ah ee biraha kale ee firfircoon ka yar iyo ficil Ha ficiltamin la oxides gaseous (acidic). Waxay bilaabi kartaa oo keliya dareen-celin u xigay by alloying la oxides acid adag.

4. Redox Guryaha

oxides biraha alkali Active ma muujiyaan yaraynta ama oksidheeyeyaal fahmayaan. Taas bedelkeeda, oxides yihiin ma aha sida biraha firfircoon soo kaban karin dhuxusha, hydrogen, ammonia ama carbon monoxide.

Diyaarinta oxides aasaasiga ah

1. hydroxides daatay: saldhig beelaya markii cawisa kulul inay waraabiyaan iyo xabagta aasaasiga ah.

2. qayilo biraha: foomamka waxaay sheegayaan biraha alkali inta lagu guda jiro soo sari ee ogsijiin, kaas oo markaas foomamka muhiimka ah a in hoos u of xabagta.