Processor Quantum: tilmaanta, mabda 'hawlgalka

Kombuyuutarada Quantum, ugu yaraan in aragtida, in la xuso ah labaatankii sano ee yar. noocyada casriga ah ee mashiinada in ay isticmaalaan farsamo non-classical ka qabashada kara xaddi cayinnayn oo data, waxay noqdeen xal weyn. Sida ay ku dhiirigelinayaan in uu, ay fulinta yaabee ahaa technology ugu casri abid abuuray. Processor Quantum shaqeeyaan heerar ah arrinta, kuwaas oo Dadka ayaa lagu yaqaan sano oo keliya 100 ka hor. ka iman kara ee xisaabinta sida waa weyn. Isticmaalka hantida galmada yaab leh dedejin doonaa xisaabinta, hawlo badan oo haatan ku jira kombiyuutarada classical ma awoodi karo in la xalin. Iyagoo keliya ma aha in duurka ku of kiimikada iyo qalabka sayniska. Wall Street ayaa sidoo kale soo bandhigeysa xiisaha.

Maalgelinta mustaqbalka

CME Group ayaa maalgelisay shirkad Vancouver ee 1QB Information Technologies Inc., horumarisa software for Processor nooca Quantum. Sida laga soo xigtay maal, xisaabinta, kuwaas oo ay u badan tahay in ay saamayntu ugu wayn ku warshadaha, taas oo la xaddi badan oo data xasaasi u ah waqtiga shaqeeyaan. Tusaale ka mid ah macaamiisha sida ay yihiin hay'adaha maaliyadeed. Goldman Sachs maalgeliyeen D-Wave Systems, iyo shirkadda In-Q-Tel maal-CIA. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u manufactures mashiinada in loo sameeyo waxa loo yaqaan "annealing galmada", ie. E. go'aansaday dhibaatada ayna heerka hoose oo isticmaalaya processor a galmada. Intel waxaa sidoo kale ku hawlan maalgashiga technology this, inkasta oo ay u aragto hirgelinta ganacsiga mustaqbalka.

Maxay sameeyaan?

Sababta in Kombuyuutarada galmada waa sidaas oo xiiso leh, been in ay isku darka qummanaado waxbarashada mashiinka. Currently, waa codsiga ugu weyn ee xisaabinta sida. Qayb ahaan tani waa natiijo ah oo ka mid ah fikradda ah computer ah galmada - oo isticmaalaya qalab jirka ah si aad u raadiso xal. Mararka qaarkood fikradda sharaxay by tusaale ahaan ciyaarta Shimbiraha careysan. Si ay u kiciyaan dhexgalka ee cuf iyo kiniin walxaha isku dhaceen processor isticmaalaa isleegyo xisaabta. Quantum Processor saaray hab this on madaxiisa. Waxay "Tuur" a shimbiraha yar, iyo daawado waxa dhaca. At microchip ku qoran hawsha: waxaa shimbir, waxay Tuur waxa dhabbihii fiicnayn? Markaas hubiyaa dhammaan xalka macquulka ah, ama ugu yaraan isku jira oo aad u ballaaran oo ka mid ah, iyo jawaabta waa la siiyey. In galmada ah computer dhibaato xalliyo aan xisaab ah, sharciyada shaqada physics halkii.

Sidee u shaqeeyaan?

The blocks dhismaha aasaasiga ah ee dunida - galmada-farsamo ah. Haddii aad eegto taagoo ah, sababta ay la aasaasay oo ay ahaadaan kuwo deggan - dhexgalka ee orbitals electron ah. Dhamaan xisaabaha galmada-farsamo ku jira mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah. Tiradoodu koraa aheyn kordhiyo tirada electrons Yururb. Tusaale ahaan, 50 electrons ay u jiraan in laba hab 50-degree. Tani phenomenally tiro badan, sidaa daraadeed waxa aan xisaabi kartaa maanta. Connection aragti macluumaad si physics tilmaami karaa jidka loo maro xallinta dhibaatooyinka sida. 50 computer kubitovnomu sidaas samayn kara.

Dawn of marxalad cusub

Sida laga soo xigtay Landon Downs, Madaxweynaha iyo co-aasaasaha 1QBit, processor galmada - waxaa suurtagal ah in ay isticmaalaan awood processing dunida subatomic ah, waxaa muhiim ah in la helo qalab cusub ama abuurista daawooyin cusub. Waxaa ka duwan qaabka daahfurka in marxalad cusub oo design. Tusaale ahaan, Kombuyuutarada galmada waxaa loo isticmaali karaa si ay u qaabeeyaan Xoojiya kaasoo u ogolaanaya inay soo saaro carbon iyo nitrogen ka jawiga, iyo sidaas loo joojiyo kululaaneysa ee caalamka.

Safka hore ee horumarka

bulshada ee horumarinta of technology tani waa mid aad u faraxsan iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa mashquul. Kooxaha adduunka oo dhan in bilowga-ups, shirkadaha, jaamacadaha iyo shaybaarada dowladda dhisayaan baabuur tartan, kaas oo ay isticmaalaan habab kala duwan si ay macluumaad processing galmada. Abuuray qubits superconducting qubit iyo chips ku udhigo qabsaday, taas oo ku lug leh cilmi ka University of Maryland iyo Machadka Qaranka ee Heerarka iyo Technology. Microsoft yeesho hab topological loo yaqaan Station Q, ujeedada taas oo ah si aad u dalbato anion non-Abelian kuwaas jiritaanka aan la guuleeysteen xaqiijiyay.

Year horumar degdeg ah tahay

Oo kanu waa uun bilowga. Dhamaadkii May 2017 tirada Processor nooca galmada-waxaa si gaar ah wax si degdeg ah ama ka wanaagsan yahay computer ah classical, waa eber. Dhacdadani waxa ay ka taagi doonaa "ayuu Fadilmo galmada", laakiin ilaa hadda ma waxay ku dhacday. Inkasta oo ay u badan tahay in ay tani dhici kartaa sida ugu horreysa ee sanadkan. dhuun intooda badan ayaa sheegay in Google ayaa ugu cadcad oo nadiif ah kooxda, oo uu hoggaaminayo Professor of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara, John Martin. Ujeeddada - si ay u gaaraan Kombuyuutarada ka xoogbadan, iyadoo la kaashanayo processor 49-qubit. By dhammaadkii bishii May 2017 kooxda si guul tijaabiyey chip 22-qubit sida tallaabo dhexe dhinaca yeereyso ee supercomputer classical.

Sida ay kulligood waxay bilaabeen?

Fikradda ah oo isticmaalaya farsamo galmada falanqeeyo macluumaadka muddo tobannaan sano. Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka muhiimka ah ee ka dhacay 1981, markii IBM iyo MIT wada abaabulay shir on physics xisaabeed. jirka dadka caanka ah Richard Feynman soo jeediyey in la dhiso computer ah galmada. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, inuu istuuray waa in ay ka faa'idaystaan habka farsamo galmada. Waxaa kale oo caqabad weyn, sababtoo ah waxa aanu eegi ma fududa. In processor galmada mabda 'hawlgalka ku salaysan yahay tiro ka mid ah guryaha yaab leh oo ah atamka - superposition iyo entanglement. walxaha wuxuu noqon karaa laba gobol waqti isku mid ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka lagu qiyaaso waxa ka mid kaliya oo ka mid ah noqon doona. Oo waa wax aan macquul aheyn in la saadaaliyo, kaas oo, marka laga eego aragtida ee jaaniska mooyee. saamayn Tani waa sal u ah tijaabo fikir cat Schrödinger ee, kaas oo ah in sanduuqa isku mar dhintay iyo nool ilaa iyo inta observer ee waa in aan dhuumaaleysi ku hadaaqda. Wax ka shaqeeya in nolol maalmeedka sidan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo ku saabsan 1 milyan oo ah tijaabo la sameeyay tan iyo bilowgii qarnigii labaatanaad, ayaa muujinaya in uusan ka kooban jira. Iyo tallaabada xigta waxaa aad ogaato sida loo isticmaalo fikradda this.

processor Quantum: sharaxaada shaqada

gelinno Classic waxaa laga yaabaa in qiimaha 0 ama 1, waxaa suurto gal ah waa in lagu dhufto tiro, sawiro iyo wixii la mid ah. N. Qubit sidoo kale noqon kartaa 0 haddii ay seegi line a "irdaha macquulka ah" (d. AND, AMA, MA, iwm) iyada oo loo marayo, 1 ama labadaba. Haddii, waxaad tidhaahdaan, 2 qubit murgiyey, waxaa iyaga ka dhigaa inay si fiican u xiran. nooca processor galmada isticmaali kartaa irdaha macquulka ah. T. N. iridda Hadamard, tusaale ahaan, dhigeysa qubit ee gobolka superposition kaamilka ah. Haddii superposition iyo entanglement weheliso irdaha galmada si xirfad leh u taagan, in ay bilaabaan in ay kala fur iman kara ee xisaabinta sub-qaaradda. 2 ogolaan daraasadda of qubit 4 dalalka: 00, 01, 10 iyo 11. Mabda'a hawlgalka processor galmada sida in fulinta hawlgallada macquulka ah waxay suuro gelineysaa in la jagooyinka oo dhan ka shaqeeyaan hal mar. Iyo tirada dalalka laga heli karaa waa 2 ilaa xoogga tirada qubits. Sidaas daraaddeed, haddii aad computer galmada universal 50-qubit ka dhigi, waxa ay aragti ahaan waa suurto gal in la baaro oo dhan 1.125 quadrillion isku mar.

Kudity

processor Quantum ee Russia ka duwan u aragto wax yar. Seynisyahanno ka MIPT iyo xarunta galmada Ruush abuuray "kudity" oo ka dhigan dhowr qubits "dalwaddii" oo leh heerar kala duwan "tamarta".

Ilodanimada

nooca processor galmada leeyahay faa'iidooyinka in Farsamoyaqaan galmada ku salaysan yahay amplitudes ah. amplitudes itimaalka la mid yihiin, laakiin sidoo kale waxa laga yaabaa inay xun, iyo lambarada adag. Sidaas daraaddeed, haddii aad rabto in itimaalka ee dhacdo, waxaad ku dari kartaa dhammaan noocyada kala duwan Ilodanimada fursadaha horumarinta ay. Fikradda ah Kombuyuutarada galmada waa in ay isku dayaan in ay Mudanayaasha hannaankii faragelin ah si ay qaar ka mid ah siyaabaha in aad jawaab u falay Ilodanimada wanaagsan, iyo qaar ka mid ah - negative ah, si ay u midba midka kale burin lahaa. Jidka A taasoo keentay in jawaabta saxda ah lahaa amplitudes oo ku jiraan xaalad kasta oo kale. trick waxay tahay in aad u baahan tahay in uu abaabulo wax kasta, iyada oo aan og in horay waxa jawaabta waa sax. dalalka galmada Sidaas jibbaaranaha isku dhafan oo iman kara faragelinta dhexeeya amplitudes togan iyo kuwa taban waa faa'iido ah oo noocan ah xisaabinta.

Shor ee isku geynta

Waxaa jira hawlo badan oo computer waa awoodin inaad ku xalliso. Sida sirta. Dhibaatada waxa ay tahay in aysan ahayn mid si fudud si aad u hesho arrimaha Ra'iisul tirada 200-god ah. Xitaa haddii laptop la socda la software aad u fiican, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad sugto muddo sanado ah si aad u hesho jawaabta. Sidaa darteed, guul kale oo Kombuyuutarada galmada waxa uu noqday geynta la daabacay 1994 by Peter Shore, haatan waa professor a of xisaabta ee MIT. Uu hab waa in la helo arrimo ka mid ah tiro aad u badan iyadoo la isticmaalayo computer ah galmada, kaasoo aan wali soo bixin. Dhab ahaantii, isku geynta ay u qabata qalliinka, taas oo muujinaysa meesha la jawaabta saxda ah. sanadka soo socda, Shore helay hab ka mid ah la saxo qaladka galmada. Markaas, dad badan ayaa ogaaday in ay tahay - waa hab kale oo ah xisaabinta, taas oo mararka qaarkood waxay noqon karaan kuwo awood badan. Markaasuu raacay xowli ah oo xiiso ka physicists si ay u abuuraan qubits oo irdaha macquulka u dhaxeeya. Haddaba, labaatankii sano ee dambe, aadanaha ayaa qarka u abuureysa computer buuxa fuliya oo galmada.