Production Industrial Index Corporation

. Bilowga qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XX ah, ka hadla oo caanka JK Galbraith ka go'an in ay la falanqeeyo doorka shaqo ee shirkad "The New Industrial State", halkaas oo lagu xusay, in la sameeyay laba nooc - dunida shirkadaha iyo dunida ka mid ah milkiilayaasha guryaha yar yar, oo aad bay u kala duwan yihiin midba midka kale. mid ka mid ah in ay matalayaan shirkadaha waaweyn, cilmiga loo yaqaan "nidaamka warshadaha", sida caadiga ah waa index ah ee wax soo saarka warshadaha waa fiicnayn. shirkadaha waaweyn u sameeyaan muhimka ah ee nidaamka warshadaha, taas oo u dhaqmo sida a qeexaya caan bulshada warshadaha.

Inkastoo bilowgii qarnigii hadashaa XXI of a "bulshada post-warshadaha" ah, "warbixin", "aqoon", iwm saldhig warshadaha ayaa miraheeda buuxda. In sano ee la soo dhaafay, shirkadaha warbaahinta iyo gaar ahaan TNCs ayaa lagu dhaleeceeyay, oo si hagaagsan in kiisas badan oo. Caddaynta waxa ay noqon kartaa warbixin ku saabsan dhaqaalaha adduunka Forum (Davos), bilaabay 40 hogaaminaya madaxda shirkadaha ka 16 dal oo ka hawlgala 18 warshadaha. Warbixintu waxay xustay in ay lagama maarmaan tahay in ay qaadaan tallaabooyin degdeg ah si loo soo celiyo kalsoonida in shirkadaha. Oo dhan dhibaato ah tartan, sida index ee wax soo saarka warshadaha, maaraynta iyo kalsoonida shacabka, dhibaato ugu dambeeyay dhexe - aaminaad.

Ilaa dhamaadka qarnigii la soo dhaafay in ganacsiga, wareegyada siyaasada iyo waxbarasho, waxaa jira isbeddello cad in dib looga fikiro doorka raasamaalka bulsheed shirkadaha. Laakiin in micnaheedu ma aha, si kastaba ha ahaatee, in mabaadi'da iyo heerarka laabashada toos mas'uuliyadda bulshada shirkadaha bilowgii qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XX ah.

Weli, waa in aan iloobin dowrka TNCs in STP, la kordhiyo shaqada, hawlaha maalgashiga iyo horumarinta ah ee gobolka quruun dhan. Sidaas daraaddeed, 2004, oo ka mid ah 100 TNCs ugu weyn dunida 85 ayaa ku salaysan ee EU, Japan iyo Mareykanka. TNK maanta bixisaa index fiican ee wax soo saarka warshadaha - dhimaya ugu weyn ka mid ah dhaqdhaqaaqa qiimaha guud ee wax soo saarka warshadaha, taas oo ka tarjumaysa ratio of GDP ee hadda ka jirta lacag la eego GDP ee muddo kala duwan.

The feature ugu muhiimsan ee shirkadaha casriga ah waa ay is-dhexgalka, kaas oo la fahamsan yahay sida nidaamka isdhexgalka ollogga ah dhaqdhaqaaqida xorta ah ee caasimada. Maanta, GDP ka soo saaray shirkadaha, xisaabiyenimo ah oo ku saabsan 60% of GDP dunida. Tiro ka mid ah shaqaalaha - ku dhowaad 57 milyan oo qof. TNCs warsan dhawaad 1/2 ee R & D iyo 2/3 on kharashka cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta. Shirkadaha iyo muujiyo mugga joogta ah index-soo-saarka, inkasta oo tirada this iyo qaraabada, laakiin waxaa la arrin ay ujeeddo ka tarjumaysaa dhaqdhaqaaqa isbeddellada ku mugga alaabta wax aan u eegin Isbeddelka qiimaha.

Way adag tahay in ay qiimayn dheeraad ah muhiimadda ay leedahay iyo sidoo kale shirkado suuq gudaha ah. index guud ee kharashka wax soo saarka, kuwaas oo ku xiran tahay xuduudaha ka kharashka wax soo saarka iyo lacagta oo ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan ee wax soo saarka, aad bay u kordhinayaan in dayactirka ah ee deggan awoodda wax iibsiga.

The hawlaha dhaqaale ee shirkadaha, waa horrayn gobolka ee dabiiciga ah, sidaas darteed index sare ee wax soo saarka warshadaha waa gobol ka mid ah koox yar oo dal. Maanta, ku saabsan 72% ka mid ah faa'iido ah shan boqol oo shirkadaha ugu weyn ee ay leedahay suuqyada gobolka ay ka soo jeedaan. istaraatijiyad noocan oo kale ah shirkadaha waa la fahmi karo ka barta of view of aragtida ah kharashka qarameed.

Intaa waxaa dheer, shirkad ka muuqato ma aha oo kaliya sida hay'ad dhaqaale, laakiin sidoo kale sida bulsho weyn, maxaa yeelay, waxqabadka dhaqaalaha ee shirkadaha keeni gabagabeeyo ay saameyn ballaaran ku saabsan horumarinta bulshada, la siiyaa, dabcan, in saameynta tani waa wanaagsan.