Robot Warshadaha. Robots shaqada. Mashiinnada-aalado

qalabka hadda jira gaar ahaan baahida dhaqaalaha. robot Warshadaha, a yar oo la mid ah in ay noocooda kitaabkii by Capek ee "Rise of Robots ah" - ma quudin fikradaha kacaan. Taas lidkeeda, uu si daacad ah dhammaado, oo saxnimo weyn, sida ugu weyn ee geedi-soo-saarka (shirka, alxanka, rinjiyeynta) iyo kaabayaal ah (loading iyo dejinta, qardarin ee alaabta inta lagu jiro saarka, kala iibsiga).

Isticmaalka mashiinada sida "smart" kordhinayaan in xal wax ku ool ah oo ah saddex dhibaato wayn soo saarka:

• la kordhiyo wax soo saarka;
• hagaajinta xaaladaha shaqada loogu talagalay dadka;
• tayadoodii isticmaalka khayraadka aadanaha.

aalado Industrial - maaxdey ee wax soo saarka oo baaxad weyn

Robots in wax soo saarka ee ballaaran u faafay qarnigii XX ay sabab u tahay kor u muhiim ah in wax soo saarka warshadaha. wax soo saarka taxane Large keentay in baahida loo qabo xoojinta iyo tayada shaqada this, waxqabadka, taas oo ka badan fursadaha aadanaha Ujeedada. Halkii isticmaali kumanyaalka kun ee reer shaqaale xirfad leh in dhirta farsamada casriga ah ku shaqeeyaan khadadka-soo-saarka aadka u iswada badan oo ka hawlgala hab discontinuous ama wareegga joogto ah.

Hoggaamiyayaasha horumarinta teknoolajiyada sida, isagoo odhanaya, isticmaalka aalado warshadaha waa Japan, USA, Germany, Sweden iyo Switzerland. Laba kooxood oo waaweyn kala qaybsan yihiin macmalay ee wadamada kor ku xusan, aalado warshadaha hadda. Noocyada xubinnimada waxaa go'aamiya laba hab maamulka aasaas kala duwan:

• manipulators si toos ah;
• qalabka, nin meesha fog laga maamulo.

Maxaad u isticmaali?

About baahida loo qabo in la abuuro iyaga bilaabay hadalka ee bilowgii qarnigii XX ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wakhtigaas weli ma jirin saldhig element qorshe ah. Maanta, ka dib markii xukunka dilka ah ee aalado waqti-mishiinka loo isticmaalo inta badan oo ka mid ah warshadaha teknoolajiyada ugu horumarsan.

Nasiib darro, dib-u-qalabka of mashiinada sida "caqli" ee warshadaha oo dhan oo kharribma deficit maalgashiga. Inkastoo faa'iidooyinka ay u isticmaalaan si cad u badnaan qiimaha lacagta caddaanka ah bilowga ah, maxaa yeelay, waxay u oggolaadaan in aad la hadasho ma aha oo kaliya oo aan wax badan oo ku saabsan qalabaynta, laakiin isbadal wayn ee wax soo saarka iyo shaqada.

Isticmaalka aalado warshadaha wax ku ool ah ku samayn doonaa ninkii dib-breaking ku kakanaanta iyo saxsanaanta: loading / dejinta, Sargaal Sare, kala sooca, hanuuninta ee qaybo ka mid ah; dhaqaaqin workpieces ka mid robot in kale, iyo waxyaabaha dhamaystirtay - in bakhaarka, alxanka kaalinta iyo alxanka kama tollayn, shirkii qaybaha farsamo iyo elektaroonik ah; cable dhigin; goynta ah workpieces ee dusha adag.

manipulator The qayb ka ah robot warshadaha

Qoral iyo waxa ka mid ah sida mashiinka "smart" ee reprogrammable taladadii (nidaamka gacanta si toos ah) iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah ee shaqada (nidaamka dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo manipulator farsamo). Haddii taladadii caadi ahaan is haysta oo ku filan aragga qarsoonaa oo uusan si toos ah ma degi isha, dheecaanka ka shaqeeya ayaa sida view sifo in robot warshadaha waxaa inta badan loo yaqaan sida soo socota: ". Manipulator robot ah"

Marka la qeexo, manipulator waa qalab fulinta dhaqdhaqaaqa in meel bannaan oo ka mid ah meelaha shaqada iyo waxyaabaha foosha. Hababkaan waxay ka kooban yihiin laba nooc oo ah links. First hubiyo joogtaynta ee dhaqdhaqaaqa. Shirka labaad ee - barakaca angular. unugyada caadiga noocan oo kale ah ee ay dhaqdhaqaaq loo isticmaalaa labada pneumatic ama Haydarooliga (awood badan) drive.

Manipulator, abuuray by eegtahay gacanta aadanaha iyadoo si ay ula qaybo qalabaysan gripper teknoolajiyada sare shaqeeyaan. qalabka kala duwan ee noocan ah si toos ah ay qabsadaan faraha farsamo badanaa qaadeen. Marka la xajmi oo fidsan shaqeeya walxaha waa la qabtay suckers farsamo.

Haddii wiish ku noqotay inay ka shaqeeyaan waqti isku mid ah dad badan oo ah nooca la mid ah workpieces, qabashada waxaa fuliyey by design a ballaaran gaar ah.

Halkii gacanta gripper waxaa inta badan lagu qalabeeyay qalabka alxanka mobile, buufiyo farsamada gaar ah ama kaashawiito ah.

Sida guuro robot ah

aalado Automatic sida caadiga ah loo habeeyey si ay u laba nooc oo ah dhaqdhaqaaqa ee bannaan (inkasta oo qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waa taagan). Waxay ku xiran tahay xaaladaha gaarka ah ee wax soo saarka. Haddii loo baahdo si loo hubiyo in dhaqdhaqaaqa siman oo dusha sare, waxaa la ogaaday by monorail ka jiho. Haddii aad rabto in ay ka shaqeeyaan heerar kala duwan, isticmaalka nidaamka "tallaabo" la koob nuugid pneumatic. Guuritaanka robot ah si fiican u janjeedha in meel, iyo wadataa angular. qalabka casriga ah qalabka qabto sida ay yihiin midaysan, waxay ka kooban yihiin cutubyo geedi socodka iyo in sax sare workpieces dhaqaaqin oo miisaankeedu yahay ka 250 si 4000 kg.

design

Isticmaalka mishiinada iswada waxaa loo arkaa in ay warshado kala duwan keentay in simayo gaar ah oo blocks ay dhismaha aasaasiga ah. Modern manipulators robot warshadaha leeyihiin in ay design:

• jir ah loo isticmaalo Buur qalab detalezahvatyvayuschego (gripper), - nooc ka mid ah "gacanta" dhab ahaantii u qabata howsha;
• ula lagdamaan hagaha (dambe ay go'aamiso jagada "gacmo" in meel bannaan);
• qalabka, taasoo keentay, diinta iyo gudbinta tamarta ee foomka of Xuddunta on dariiq dhexaad ah (sabab u tahay iyagoo robot warshadaha iman kara helo dhaqdhaqaaq a);
• gacanta iyo nidaamka maamulka fuliyaan barnaamijyada; aqbalaada of barnaamijyada cusub; falanqeynta warbixinta laga dareemayaal helay, iyo, sida, wareejiso qalabka bixinta;
• qayb ka mid ah shaqo nidaamka meelaynta ah, jagooyinka cabiraada iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa faasas salaysayn khalkhalgelinta.

Abuuridda Dawn ee aalado warshadaha

Back ee la soo dhaafay la soo dhaafay oo bal xusuuso sidii sheekada ka billaabay abuuridda of mashiinada automatic warshadaha. The aalado marka hore u muuqday in Mareykanka ee 1962, oo waxaa lagu sameeyey shirkadaha "Yunimeyshn Incorporated" iyo "Versatran". Inkastoo, in ay noqon sax ah, in ka hor inta weli sii daayay robot warshadaha "Yunimeyt" abuuray by injineerka American J. Devol, xiranayo gaar ah SAU, programmable isticmaalaya kaarar feeray. Waxay ahayd xal ah mashiinada farsamo cad "smart" xafiday wadataa ee wadada aad oo uu ku sameeyo shaqada barnaamijka.

The robot horeysay warshadaha "Yunimeyt" waxaa ku qalabaysan qalab laba farta qabtay on leewarka iyo "gacanta" on drive ee Haydarooliga shan darajo xorriyadda. dabeecadihiisa waxaa loo ogol yahay in ay u guuraan si faahfaahsan 12-ka kiilo ah oo si sax ah ilaa 1.25 mm.

manipulator robot kale "Versatran" abuuray by shirkadda isla, waxaa ku raran yihiin oo ku mashquulsanayeen ee 1200 lebenkii saacaddii in dusiyey meesha ka. Waxaa si guul bedelay shaqada dadka waxyeelada leh inuu helo Deegaan caafimaad leh heerkul sare. Fikradda ah Abuurkiisa ayaa cadeeyay aad loogu guulaystay, iyo design - si la isku halleyn karo in mashiinada gaarka ah ee brand ah oo ay sii wadaan in ay ka shaqeeyaan in aannu mar. Markaasaa waxaa taas ay jirto xaqiiqda ah in ay share ayaa dhaafto boqolaal kun oo saacadood.

Ogsoonow in qalab ah ee jiilka koowaad ee aalado warshadaha ee qiimaha la wareegay 75% iyo 25% ka mid ah Farsamoyaqaan korantada. Kumeelgaar ah ee qalabka sida waxay u baahan yihiin waqti iyo sababta ka maqnaa. Wixii diinta ka si ay u ordaan oo ay howlgal cusub oo ku lug leh is-dhaafsiga ee barnaamijka ay gacanta ku.

The jiilka labaad ee mashiinada joofane

Waxay ugu dhakhsaha badan noqday cad: in kasta oo ay dhammaan faa'idoyinka ka mid ah baabuurta jiilka kowaad ahaayeen xasilooneyn ... Jiilkii labaad la wareegay gacanta ku dhigto aalado warshadaha - qabsiga. The qalabka horrayn looga baahan yahay si loo dardar deegaanka, taas oo ay ka shaqeeyeen. xaalad dambe waxaa inta badan muujisay qiimaha sare oo dheeraad ah. Waxa uu noqday muhiim u ah horumarinta wax soo saarka mass.

stage A cusub oo horumar lagu gartaa horumarinta dareemayaal badan. Iyada oo ay caawimo tayada karaa robot ee loo yaqaan "wacyigelin". Waxa uu bilaabay in ay helaan macluumaad ku saabsan bay'ada iyo, iyadoo la raacayo waxaa la, dabcan dooran tallaabada ugu wanaagsan ee. Tusaale ahaan, xirfadaha heleen inay ka qayb qaataan oo hareer iyada curyaanimada. tallaabo noocan oo kale ah qaadataa meel mahad microprocessor ah ka baaraandegidda macluumaadka la helay, taas oo markaas la geliyo ee doorsoomayaasha barnaamijyada gacanta, hanuuniyey by aalado dhabta ah.

Noocyada hawlaha go'an saarka (alxanka, rinjiyeynta, shirka, noocyada kala duwan ee processing farsamo) sidoo kale waxaa waajib ah in la qabsashada. Taasi waa, marka performing mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah ay bilaabeen multi-duwanaansho si loo hagaajiyo tayada nooc kasta oo shuqullada kor ku xusan.

maamulka manipulators warshadaha waxaa inta badan ku sameeyey by software. hawlaha gacanta Hardware adeegi mini-kombiyuutarada warshadaha PC / 104 ama MicroPC. Ogsoonow in ay gacanta ku-qabsiga ku salaysan yahay software ah multivariate. Oo go'aanka si ay u doortaan nooca barnaamijka shaqada qaatay robot ah oo ku saleysan macluumaadka ku saabsan deegaanka, ku tilmaamay qalabka.

Muuqaalka caan ku ah hawlgalada jiilka labaad ee robot ah la geliyo helitaanka hor of hababka qalliinka, mid kasta oo la shaqeysiin marka qiimaha qaar ka deegaanka dibadda helay.

Jiilkii saddexaad ee aalado

mashiinada qarnigooda saddexaad, aalado ay awoodaan in ay si madax banaan u curiyaan ay tallaabo ku xiran tahay hawsha iyo xaaladaha deegaanka. Waxay ha "khiyaameeyaan go'yaal", ie. E. rinji falalka farsamada ee embodiments qaarkood, deegaanka dibadda. Waxay awood u leeyihiin inay dhistaan isku geynta aan fiicnayn u gaar ah oo ay shaqada, iyo si dhakhso ah u fuliyaan ku dhaqanka. kharashka korontada ee sida robot ah warshadaha waa toban jeer ka badan qaybaha ay si farsamaysan.

robot ugu dambeeyay, siday faahfaahin xajin dhex dareemayaal, "waa ogyahay" sida ugu wanaagsan ee uu sameeyey. Intaa waxaa dheer, laftiisa nidaaminaya qabato xoog (feedback xoog) ku xiran dabacsanaan ka mid ah waxyaabaha wax. Waxaa laga yaabaa in tani ay tahay sababta ay jiilka cusub ee qalabka aalado warshadaha lagu magacaabo caaqil.

Sida aad ogtahay, "ayuu maskaxda" qalab this waa nidaamka of control. The ugu waa sharciyeynta, iyada oo la raacayo hababka sirdoonka macmal.

Sirdoonka weydiin mashiinada, kuwaas oo baakadaha codsiyada, ilaaliyaal macquulka programmable, qalab matalaadii. In saaridda ee aalado warshadaha waxaa shebekadaha si ay u bixiyaan heerka ugu habboon ee dhexgalka nidaamka "nin - Mashiinka". Saadaalin shaqaynaya ee qalabka mustaqbalka sidoo kale qalab horumartay in matalaadii fulin software in kuu ogolaanayaa inaad doorato fursadaha ugu fiican ee ficil iyo qaabeynta of xiriir si network mahad.

shirkadaha adduunka ayaa keentay saara aalado

Maanta, isticmaalka aalado warshadaha waxa taageeray shirkadaha keentay, oo ay ku jiraan Japan (Fanuc, Kawasaki, Motoman, OTC Daihen, Panasonic), American (KC Robots, Triton Warshadaha, Kaman Corporation), Jarmal (Kuka).

Maxaa shirkadaha waxyaalahan waxaa loo yaqaan dunida oo dhan? hantida Fanuc The - ugu dhaqsiyaha badan taariikhda, robot Delta M-1iA (mashiinada sida caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo in baakada), ee ugu awoodda badan ee aalado tirooyinka taxanaha - M-2000iA, aqoonsan dunida oo dhan alxanle joofane ArcMate.

baahida No yar aalado warshadaha ee wax soo saarka, soo saaray Kuka. mashiinada Kuwani qabtaan la machining sax Jarmal, alxanka, shirka, baakadaha, palletizing, loading.

Sidoo kale line cajiib ah shirkad Japanese-American Motoman (Yaskawa), ka hawlgala suuqa American, oo 175 oo moodal oo aalado warshadaha, iyo sidoo kale in ka badan 40 xal midaysan. aalado Industrial loo isticmaalo soo saaridda ee dalka Mareykanka, wax badan oo ka mid ah waxaa lagu sameeyey si hufan shirkadda this taasoo keentay in ay warshadaha.

Inta badan oo ka mid ah shirkadaha kale wakiil noo by mashquulin ay Misbaax by saarta kala duwan cidhiidhi ah oo ah alaabta gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan, Daihen iyo Panasonic aalado alxanka soo saaro.

Siyaabaha la isu abaabuli saarka iswada

Haddii aan ka hadlo urur ee soo saaridda iswada, mabda'a line adag waxaa la hirgeliyey bilowgii. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa xawaare ku filan sare ee wareegga wax soo saarka ee uu leeyahay khasaare weyn - ka maqnaa sababo la xiriira fashilaad. technology The Rotary ayaa la Been abuurtay sida kale. Marka urur guuro in goobo ka mid ah wax soo saarka iyo workpiece ka, iyo line laftiisa waa la iswada (joofane). Mashiinnada kiiskan nuqul karaan hawlaha iyo ayna halka shiidaa reebay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii ay taasi ku xawaaraha uu lumo. habka ugu fiican ee abaabulka duwanaansho - dhexjir ah labada kor ku xusan. Waxaa la odhan-conveyor Rotary.

robot warshadaha sida element ah ee wax soo saarka ah iswada dabacsan

qalabka casriga ah "smart" si deg deg ah waxay beddeshay, heer sare ah wax soo saar iyo madax bannaan hawlgalka shaqeeyaan via soo saarka, qalabka ay processing iyo meelaha banaan. Iyada oo ku xidhan isticmaalka gaarka ah, waxay u shaqayn karaa mid ka mid ah barnaamijka, iyo shaqada, ie kala duwan. E. Doorashada ka tiro go'an oo ka mid ah barnaamijyada la doonayo.

robot Industrial waa element a dastuurka ee wax soo saarka ee dabacsan iswada (gaabiyey caadiga ah - FMU). Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah:

• nidaamka, taas oo ehlu design;
• control adag iswada ee wax soo saarka qalabka farsamada;
• manipulators robot warshadaha;
• si toos ah ordaya gawaarida wax soo saarka;
• qalabka fulinta loading / dejinta iyo meelaynta;
• gacanta ku habka wax soo saarka;
• maamulka-soo-saarka iswada.

Faahfaahin dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan codsiga wax ku ool ah ee aalado

Codsiyada warshadaha Real yihiin aalado sare. Noocyada kala duwan ee kala duwan, oo ay bixiyaan waxqabadka sare istaraatiiji ah goobaha muhiimka ah ee warshadaha. Gaar ahaan, wax badan oo ka mid ah dhaqaalaha casriga Jarmal ku leedahay ay ka iman kara sii kordhaysa ee ay codsiga. In waxa qaybaha ay ka shaqaynayaan, kuwaas oo "shaqaalaha bir ah"? In metalworking in ay ku shaqeeyaan ku dhowaad dhammaan geedi socodka: shubay, alxanka, abuurna, hubinta heerka ugu sareeya ee tayada.

Saarayay sida laan oo qaba xaalado ba'an foosha aadanaha (taasoo la micno ah heerkulka sare iyo wasakhda) waxaa inta badan robotized. Mashiinnada ka Kuka Jaha xataa foundries.

warshadaha cuntada ayaa sidoo kale ka helay qalab Kuka muraadada alaabada iyo soosaarka. "Aalado Cuntada" (photo soo bandhigay maqaal ah), qaybta ugu bedelay dadka meelaha qaba xaalado gaar ah. Mashiinnada caadiga ah ee warshadaha in ay bixiyaan microclimate a maraysa qolka kula heerkulka a aan ka badnayn 30 degrees Celsius. aalado ahama xaliyay hilib ku lug leh wax soo saarka ee caanaha, iyo sidoo kale, dabcan, Mire Waqaf iyo baakadeeyey alaabta loola dhaqmo fiican loogama.

Way adag tahay in ay qiimayn dheeraad tabarruc ah ee qalabka sida ee suuqa baabuurta. Khubarada galin in mashiinada ugu awooda badan oo wax soo saar leh oo maanta si goan yihiin aalado ah "Cook ayaa". Photos of qalabka kala duwan ay ka buuxaan hawlaha shirka baabuurta, cajiib. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxa la joogaa wakhtigii si dhab ah ay ka hadlaan wax soo saarka iswada.

bacyaal processing, bacyaal sii daayo, soo saaridda ee qaybo ka mid adag qaabeeya ee qalabka kala duwan laga sameeyey bixiyaan aalado wax soo saarka ee run ahaantii waxyeello u wasakhaysan caafimaadka aadanaha.

Dhinac kale oo muhiim ah ee codsiga of unugyada "Cook ee" waa qoryo. Oo tilmaamay qalabka siin waxqabadka amarada qofka iyo samaynta wax soo saarka taxane baaxad weyn marxaladaha oo dhan - ka processing hoose iyo jarida in axdi qarameedka, qoditaanka, ku shiidi.

qiimaha

Currently, baahida Ruush iyo suuqa CIS ee ay shirkadaha aalado Kuka iyo Fanuc. iyaga Qiimaha dhaxayn 25 000 800 000 rubles. Tani Extension cajiib ah sharaxay by jiritaanka lagu daydo oo kala duwan: Heerka light-ka Dhawrsada (5-15 kg), gaar ah (xalinta dhibaatada gaarka ah), oo khaas ah (ka shaqeeya jawi aan caadi ahayn), gaadiidka culus-waajib (ilaa 4000 m).

natiijooyinka

Waxaa la aqoonsan yahay waa in awood loo isticmaalo ee aalado warshadaha ayaa weli ma ku lug buuxa. Isla mar ahaantaana dadaalka xirfadlayaasha, teknoolajiyada casriga ah u ogolaan in ay ogaadaan fikrado badan oo ku dhiirato.

Baahida loo qabo in la kordhiyo wax soo saarka ee dhaqaalaha caalamiga ah iyo loo kordhiyo saamiga of shaqada aadanaha caqliga waa dhiirigelin xoog badan oo ah noocyo cusub iyo aad u badan iyo badalitaan aalado warshadaha.