Ruush-Japanese dagaalka, dagaalka Lyaoyanskoe: ka qaybgalayaashu, natiijooyinka

dagaal Ruush-Japanese ee 1904-1905 uu ahaa lama huraan, sababtoo ah marka la gaaro dhamaadka qarnigii 19aad, u xuub bedelay danaha geopolitical ee Empire Ruush ah. Iyadoo Maraykanka waaweyn ee adduunka ee aan weli bartay sida arrimaha halis geopolitical ka qabtaan iyada oo aan isticmaalka xoog iyo, sidaas awgeed, dhibbanayaasha aadanaha.

Sababaha War Ruushka-Japanese

1. Xoojinta xiriirka saaxiibtinimo ee u dhexeeya Russia iyo China. Waxaa la og yahay in ilaa 90-mada ay qarnigii 19aad, diiradda ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Ruush ahayd in Balkans, laakiin sidii loo xoojin lahaa saaxiibtinimada ka bilaabma 1894, iyadoo Shiinaha. Russia ayaa la siiyaa si ay u State kaalmo diblomaasiyadeed iyo millatari ee dagaalka kula Japan.
2. Colaadda danaha ka dhexeeya Russia iyo Japan marka la eego saamaynta ee Bariga Fog iyo Manchuria.

qaladaad Istiraatiijiga ah iyo guulo dagaalka

Markii hore, waxa uu ahaa cad in ciidanka Japan diyaar u dagaal dheer ma aha. Laakiin Guud Ruush rumeysan yahay in Aasiya la hadli doonin dalalka Yurub iyo abaabulay dagaal ah oo ku saabsan laba arrimood. Tani waxa ay ahayd qalad istiraatiijiga ah ee ciidamada Ruushka iyo diblomaasiyiinta. Sidoo kale, Russia, haddii loo maleeyo in a total ciidamada dhimaal ee Japan (jidka, sidoo kale khalad by), waxaan u maleynayaa in on Front Western u baahan yahay awoodda badan in ka badan bariga. Qorshaha Ruush waxaa maamula maaanka dagaalka muddada dheer ee bisha 7-8-th la gaadhi doono guul badda iyo caga jasiiradaha. Waxaa ugu rarataan culaysyo ay sabab u tahay qorshaha Japan, fikradda aasaasiga ah ee taas oo ahayd dumaya ka dhacay on Qiimeynta Pacific iyo qabashada of control badda.

ratio ee ciidamada badda

Russia iyo Japan dhowr sano ka hor dagaalka waxay mar hore bilaabeen in ay ku hawlan yihiin sidii loo xoojin lahaa maraakiibta ay. Russia mar hore la kulmaan in dagaalkii Crimean ah, taas oo muujisay muhiimadda ay guusha badda. Haddii loo maleeyo in wax go'an dagaalka bari ee Japan, taliyayaasha ciidamada ayaa aqoonsaday hawsha ugu muhiimsan - sidii loo xoojin lahaa raxan Pacific.

Sidaas darteed, waxaanu ka fiirsan gobolka oo ka mid ah maraakiibta dalalka. Tirada guud ee Doonniyaha Empire Ruush ee bari in 1904 wuxuu u dhigmaa 64 Of baabbi'inaya, kuwaas oo - 35 ayaa sidoo kale Cruiser, dagaalka, doonyaha weyn. Maraakiibtan Japanese tiro ka xoogbadan, Russia. Kaliya baabbi'iyuhu waa loo sameeyey 47. Tirada guud ee ku Navy ee Japan waxa ay 87 cutub. Sida aan ka arki kartaa, tirada ciidamada badda Japan dhaafay koox dad ah ee Ruush on 23 maraakiibta. Waxaa laga yaabaa in Ruushku ku kalsoonahay Fadilmo farsamo, balse ma aysan shaqayn. Maraakiibta Japan ahaayeen dhaqso, toogan fiican oo waxaa lagu dheeraad ah oo laga ilaaliyo darbo cadowga.

dhicin dagaalkii

suddenness The oo ka mid ah - mid ka mid ah arimaha ugu muhiimsan ee guusha dagaalka. Ciidamada ciidan oo ciidamada badda Japan waa January 27 bilowday dagaal laba jiho. Ogsoonow in labada dagaalka si guul ah ku dhamaaday, waayo, Japanese ah, inkasta oo raxan ah ayaa sidoo kale laga badiyay xoog qaar ka mid ah. Weerarkii kowaad wuxuu ahaa habeen Japan. Aasiyaan ah koox dad ah oo ka koobnayd 25 maraakiibta saddex nooc: dagaalka ah, Cruiser, dumiyey. Duqeynta ayaa ah markab dagaal Ruushka "Tsarevich" iyo "Ratzivan" ayaa burburay, sidoo kale markab ah "Pallada". unexpectedness ciidamada Ruush run ahaantii ma ay awoodaan si ay ula dagaalamaan off ciribtir ee Japanese ah.

Weerarka labaad ayaa ka dhacay on subaxnimadii maalinta la mid ah, taas oo keentay in fashilka yimid 5 maraakiibta kale Ruush. Waxaan ma dhihi karo in dhaawaca uu si raxan ah ee boqortooyadiisa ahaa dilaa ah, laakiin waa muhiim ah, sababta oo ah markabka xun dayactirka ayaa la bilaabay.

Halkee wuxuu ahaa dagaalkii labaad ee maalintii? Haddaba yaqaan Korean Incheon ka dibna loo yaqaan Chemulpo. Horraantii 1904, qotoma dekedda istaagay 2 Markab Ruush "Varyag" iyo "Korean". Japan ayaa weeraray ciidamada Ruush ee 14 maraakiibta. Waxaa cad in qaddar ee maraakiibta Ruush ah ayaa la gartay, laakiin iyaga si deg deg ah laga adkaado, Japanese ka waayeen kastaba. Taliyaha ayaa ka mid ah "Varyag" Rudnev ayaa aaminsan in ay tahay in aan isku dayno si ay uga baxsadaan ka haadeed ee Japanese ah oo gaadhi Port Arthur. In dagaalka badda danbayay. Burburka "Varyag" looma oggolaan out of fikradda ah Korea si loo fuliyo, laakiin 3 of markabka Japan ayaa sidoo kale Kipury. Ogsoonow in, ayaa baxriyiintii Ruush aan la lumay oo ahaa danbe ay awoodaan in ay guriga.

Dhimashada Makarov

Hoggaamiyeyaasha ciidamada dalka Ruushka ogaaday in Fleet Pacific ee bilowga ah ee dagaalka aan ku gudbin imtixaanka dagaalka. Si loo sameeyo tababar military si ay u amro oo raxan u magacaabay caanka ku-xigeenka Admiral Makarov. Ninkanu wuxuu lahaa khibrad dagaal badan, sidaas waxaa si tayo leh hawlaha la qabsadaan.

Inta lagu jiro bisha of its hawl raxan Ruushka ayaa iska beddelay. Makarov u kordhay heerka tababar military, Navy ka soo kiciyey ururka shaqada. xoojinta jimicsiga ayaa sidoo kale kor u kacay, taas oo suurto gal ah in la kordhiyo tirada iyo guusha maraakiibta soo baxaya badda. Dabcan, Japanese ka yar tiimbanaynay oon aan la fadhiyey, daawashada isbedelka tayo ee Navy Ruushka. All laga baxo ka Arthur Port ee si joogto ah miino. March 31, 1904 markab ah "Petropavlovsk", taas oo u dhoofay on board iyo Makarov, ilaa la afuufi by anigaa ah. Dhamaan dadka saaran ayaa la dilay.

wajiga labaad ee dagaalka

Guushaan ayaa ka mid ah Badda ee Japan ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal ah in uu abaabulo gobolka jasiiradda lagu wareejiyay ku Liaodong Peninsula xoog caga badan. By habka, howlgalkan ayaa la qorsheeyay iyo abaabulay ka hor, maxaa yeelay, in yar oo qarsoodi ah Japanese daalaeday galay Korea tan iyo dayrta 1903. Dabcan, ciidanka Japanese ma uusan samayn gardarada furan. Waxaan ka hadleynaa qof oo ka reserve joogay ganacsato, farsamo, iyo D. sidaas on. Hawsha ugu wayn ee ciidamada, kuwaas oo ahaa guusha hawlgallada degtey, ururinta sirdoonka si ay u diyaariyaan xaaladaha.

Laga soo bilaabo 24 January ilaa March 3 xeebta Korean degay ka badan 35,000 oo Japan. Waxaan u baahanahay in la fahmo dheelitirka ee ciidamada Ruush. xoog guud ee ciidanka Aasiya waxa ay 123 000 oo qof. Kuwaas oo kala ah, ku dhowaad 24,000 oo ay ahaayeen in Territory Primorsky. On Peninsula Kwantung waxay ahaayeen abbaaraha 30 kun. Russia 19000th ciidanka ilaalada xuduudda la leh Korea. Waqooyi-bari Shiinaha ahaa dhul istaraatiiji ah oo muhiim u ah Saarka. Waxaa jiray in ka badan 50 kun oo askari oo boqorka ciidankiisana waxaa. ciidanka Land amray by General A. N. Kuropatkin.

Koox Ruush ee xuduudda la leh Korea lahaayeen dhaqmeen. Raagid ayaa loogu tala galay in Japan ay ku fashilantay in ay weeraraan dayayeen Ruush 7000th oo isaga laga adkaado. Sidaas darteed of dagaalka, ciidamada dalka Ruushka ayaa laga badiyay ka badan 30 qori, ku saabsan 3 kun oo askari ayaa ku dhintay, oo waxay lahaayeen u Dumayn 70 kiiloomitir. dagaal Lyaoyanskoe bilaabay for boqortooyadiisa ku fashilmay.

Jinzhou: guuldarro kale oo boqorka ciidankiisana waxaa

Haa, Russia ayaa ku qanciyay uu Fadilmo dhulka, laakiin in this, waxay ahaayeen qaldo. Ciidamada kale Japanese degay Peninsula Liaodong ah April 22, 1904. Tirada kooxdan sidoo kale ahaa ku saabsan 35 kun. dhaqdhaqaaq Japanese ahaa in aanay waxba ku soo galaan dagaalka ciidan amray by A. N. Kuropatkin iyo gudaha madax galay. Dabcan, Aasiyaan ah amarka la fahamsan oo dhan khataraha qaliinka, sidaas on May 4 meel degtey Dagushana tirintii 15,000. Ujeeddo: si ay u daboosho weerar ee Jinzhou.

Dilal kala Japanese magaaladii socday 19 maalmood. U dhow magaalada tani waa marinka narrowest in Territory Kwantung ijaaray. Koox Ruush dhul oo intaasu waxay ahayd ilaa 4 kun oo qof. May 13 ahaa dagaal dheer. Inkastoo khasaaraha Japanese 3 jeer ka badan ay ahaayeen, laakiin dagaalka waxa ay badiyeen. Sidaas darteed of guul this, ciidanka Japan ay jidka u furay si ay dekedda leh ee mustaqbalka. Waqooyi-bari Shiinaha gacanta guud ee ciidamada Japan iyo ciidamada Ruush yimid ayaa dhab ahaan ka go'een midba midka kale.

Dagaal dheeraad ah ka sii guul kala duwan, iyo khasaare culus labada ciidammadii.

Lyaoyanskoe dagaalka

Bishii Agoosto 1904, wajiga saddexaad ee dagaalka. dagaal Lyaoyanskoe horay loo qorsheeyay, sababtoo ah muddo saddex bilood ah u dhow dejinta this si ay u dhisaan a qalcad khatar ah. Sida of August 1904 tirada Ruush Manchurian Army ahayd 152,000, iyo ciidamada Japan ay ahaayeen at 22 kun oo ka yar tiro. dagaal Lyaoyanskoe 1904 hoos taariikhda u baxay sidii dhacdo in gabi ahaanba jebin ruuxa ciidamada dalka Ruushka.

Inkastoo tirada hoose, the first to qaado weerar on 11 August, u baxay inuu Japan. Waxay rabeen in ay hareerayn Russia, ama ugu yaraan gebi ahaanba iyaga ka jaraan ka siyaabood ee suurtagal ah ee cusub ee ciidamada u dhowaanin. Dadaalka ayaa iska lahaa ciidamada Japanese si joogto ah, maxaa yeelay, waxay, ka duwan Russia oo ahaa mid aad u firfircoon.

ciidanka Kuropatkin ee ma ahan in ay si wayn u tegi on weerar, maxaa yeelay, meel fog ka soo badhtamaha uu ka yahay in ka badan 7000 km awoodaan. August 19 Kuropatkin wareejiyay dhibic soo socda Japan ka dib markii taas waxaa jiray khatar ku ah qabashada Yantai. Amarka ogaaday inaan waxba la gaadhi doono go'aansaday inuu u qaxaya Mukden. dagaal Lyaoyanskoe, taas oo ka qaybgalayaasha laga badiyay wadar ahaan 40 000 oo qof tusay backwardness iyo muddaada ciidamada Ruush.

Natiijooyinka dagaalka

La hadal ah oo ku saabsan dagaal mustaqbalka, in mabda, ma jiraan wax micno gaar ah, maxaa yeelay waxay ahayd guusha Japanese ah oo xanuunsan ee Russia.

Natiijada dagaalka ee Russia ahaayeen kuwo aad u culus. Sidaas daraaddeed, ee Treaty Portsmouth Peace of 1905 dhigayaa in:

1. Southern Sakhalin guuro Japan.
2. Japan helo kiro Liaodong Peninsula.
3. Suurtagalnimada ee tareenka Japanese on Peninsula Liaodong ah.
4. Kala noqoshada ciidamada Ruush ka Manchuria.

Russia iyo Japan galay colaadda, cawaaqibka oo, dhab ahaantii, dareemay maanta, sababtoo ah heshiiskii nabadeed oo dhexmaray Russia iyo Japan oo ku saabsan natiijada 1945, dagaalka aan weli la soo gabagabeeyey.