Saynisyahanka Abel Niels Henrik: Biography

Niels Henrik Abel - mid ka mid ah xisaabyahannada ugu weyn ee aadanaha oo dhan. Waxa uu ku dhashay magaalada Norwegian ah Finney in wadaad qoyska. Oo hooyadiis ka soo jeedaa qoys baayacmushtari yimid. Marka Niels hal sano jir, qoyska u dhaqaaqay magaalada Gerrestad.

Childhood Abel

Childhood oo ka mid ah xisaabta mustaqbalka ahaa Dhawa ku faraxsan yahay, oo caafimaad waxay ahayd mid liidata, iyo waalidka waa si joogto ah cabbay iyo ku dhaaran. In 1815, Niels Henrik Abel galay Cathedral ee Oslo School. qoyska ka mid ah xisaabta mustaqbalka ahaa mid aad u liita, sidaas Haabiilna wuxuu ahaa in dugsiga on board a buuxa. First, ma taagnaan waxay ka soo baxday ardayda mass guud. Xaaladdan oo kale, macallinka xisaabta waqtiga ahaa qof aad u calool adag ee dugsiga kuwaas oo ku garaacday ardayda. Awoodo macallinka xisaabta Abel ugu horeysay ogaaday by magaca Bert Michael Holmboe.

Macallin iyo arday

Bert ahaa mid aad u xiiso xisaabta, dabeecad wanaagsan ardayda iyo sidoo kale ogaa sida loo dhiiri. Holmboe dhiirigelinayaa kuwa madax banaan shaqeeyay. Waxaa isaga u mahad markii ugu horeysay Abel si dhab xiiso sayniska. Macallinka ayaa dib ugu yeeray in Abel bartay koorsada xisaabta xayi ah in kaliya laga heli karaa hanad ah. Holmboe aad dhiirigelinayaa Abel doonayay in ay galaan, iyo oggol yahay in ay isticmaalaan isaga publications ka maktabad kuu gaar ah. waqti aad u gaaban ka dib markii Abel hore u ahaa aqoon u leh waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah ee xisaabta. On iyaga u gaar ah saynisyahan mustaqbalka macno ahaan "liqay" shuqulkii Gauss, Lacroix, Poisson iyo Lagrange.

Halxidho, xiiso xisaabta

Labada sano ee soo socota, iyadoo rajo gaar Abel waxa laga soo qaatay ee xalilaada mushkiladaha adag ee xisaabta. Mid ka mid ah xujooyinka, kuwaas oo muddo dheer soo jiitay saynisyahano. Waxay ahayd isla'egta degree shanaad iyo isleegyo of darajo sare. Waayo, isla'egyada sahlan qaaciidooyinka lagu yaqaan muddo dheer. xisaabyahan isleegyo xalinta Rule degree afaraad waxaa la furay Ferrari, saddexaad - Gerolamo Cardano.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, horumarka dheeraad ah, mid ka mid ma kari waayeen. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, bulshada cilmiyeed ku kalsoon yahay in suurtagalnimada asaasiga ah ee xalinta dhibaatada. Qubarada badankooda ayaa aaminsan in ku filan si ay u sameeyaan isku dhafan gaarka ah ee arrimaha iyo xag ah, si ay u bartaan sida si ay u xalliyaan isleegyo kuwan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marinka for qarnigii ka dib markii qarnigii, saynisyahano naftooda oo dhan u huray in hawshan, laakiin waxay ku hadhay xallin.

Life at macalimiinta jaamacadaha iyo caawimaad

In 1820, qoyska musiibadii Abel dhacaya: aabbihiis dhintay. hooyadiis, walaasheed iyo lix walaalo ah ku sii dhow ee saboolnimada. In 1821, Niels Henrik Abel galay jaamacadda. Waxaa, tayadiisa sida ay ugu muuqato macalimiinta, iyo ay go'aansadaan in ay isku darsadaan kaydka si ay u ururiyaan deeq waxbarasho ee ardayga masaakiinta, laakiin cajiib ah ardayda hibada leh, in si aan loo dhumin hadiyaddiisa sayniska. In kasta oo dhibaato iyo dabeecaddeeda melancholic, Abel had iyo jeer ahaa saaxiibtinimo iyo uzhivchiv ardayda oo dhan, shiidaa cadaawayaashaada ma leh. Xisaabta ahaa si xiiso leh isaga in uu ku dhameysan kara fasalada maalintii oo dhan, waxay isku keeno daal jireed dhow.

Xilliga jiilaalka 1822-1823, Henrik Niels ee Abel qoray shaqada ugu horeysay ee halis sayniska. Waxa uu u huray in integrability ee isla'egyada kala duwan. Sida abaalgud, Prize State waxaa la guddoonsiiyey isaga.

Midkoodna madaxa jaamacadda ama Board Norwegian uusan lumin arkaan talantigii cajiib lahaa Abel Niels Henrik. In xagaagii 1823 markii ugu horeysay ee Abel waxaa suurtagal ah si ay u fuliyaan safar waayo, soohdintii reer Norway. Iyada oo lacagta, taas oo laga soo ururiyey professor Jaamacadda a, Abel u tageen inay Copenhagen. Safraya, xisaabyahan ogyahay maskaxda kale oo waa weyn ee ka dambeeya waqtiga: Cauchy, A. Legendre iyo kuwa kale. Oo 1825 uu soo diray in Germany, halkaas oo uu lacgta bisha ahayd dhigi 3168 oo faran.

In 1826, maqaal by Haabiil, kuwaas oo ku tilmaamay habka of isla'egta oo ahaa darajadii shan. isla markiiba Dhacdadani waxa ay isaga mid ka mid ah xisaabyahannada ugu weyn dunida oo dhan laga sameeyey. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib markii shaqada ee cilmiga ah, kaasoo lagu wareejiyay inay dib u eegaan Cauchy, badiyay in waraaqaha uu. Cauchy ahaa awoodaan si ay shaqo u heli Abel dhimashada saynisyahan a uun ka dib. Haddii aan sameeyey, inta lagu guda jiro nolosha Abel uu abaalmarinta abaalmarinta weyn oo tacliimeed. Tan iyo markii this ayaa dhacay, inta kale ee uu noloshiisa uu ku qaatay in saboolnimada ba'an.

shaqo dheeraad ah

In Berlin, Abel la kulmay cilmibaadhe kale - A. Krell, kuwaas oo bilaabay in ay daabacaan joornaal xisaabta. Ka dib markii shaqada guulaha Berlin Niels Henrik Abel soo laabtay guriga - in Christiania. Waxaa uu bilaabay inuu xiiso u su'aalo isleegyada aljabra. Inta lagu guda jiro waqtiga oo dhan this daabacan waraaqaha toban ah oo ku saabsan sayniska ee xisaabta, qoray ee ay leeyihiin Haabiil. In 1826 at kulan oo ka mid ah Faransiis Academy of Sciences Niels Henrik Abel samatabbixiyaa warbixin ku saabsan hawlaha dhaafsiisantahay xisaabta. Qaab waa ula kac ah lama dareemo by culimada Faransiis, waxa ay heshay ay aqoonsi oo kaliya dhimashada xisaabta ka dib.

sii daraysa ee caafimaadka iyo dhibaatooyin kale

Abel ka dibna soo diray in safar labaad ee Europe. Waxa uu booqday magaalada Dresden, Prague, Venice, Paris iyo kuwa kale. Laakiin safar this ma la odhan karaa dalxiis: waqtigan cilmiga Niels Henrik Abel shaqeeya oo aad u adag. Wuxuu u furaa 6 aragti xisaabta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waqtigan uu guranayaan iyo Guuldarrooyin: ardayba, qoraal gacmeedyada laga badiyay, qulqulaya ka lacag, sii xumaanaysa caafimaadka. saynisyahan The ma helin mushaar joogto ah.

In 1828 wuxuu helay xubin ka mid ah Academy Royal ee Sciences - kanna waa aqoonsi kaliya in marka nolosha helo Niels Henrik Haabiil. Photo on raso Norwegian ee madaahibta ee CZK 500, taas oo loo adeegsadey ilaa 2002 - maamuusaan in cilmiga ah waxaa uu Ottawa abaalmariyey.

In bukaanka iyo cidhiidhi la kulmay ee 1828 xisaabyahan ah Niels Henrik Haabiil. Uu Biography murugo leh hasa uu jiran yahay, iyo dhakhaatiir ah looga shakisan yahay cudurka qaaxada ee xisaabta. Bishii December ee isla sannadkaas cilmiga la geeyo magaalada Florand ah, halkaas oo uu naagtiisa ka soo shaqeeyay. Inta lagu guda jiro safarka saynisyahan ku dhaco hargab xun. OOF WAREEN DARAN iyo qaaxada ayaa ay shaqo sameeyey, iyo April 6, 1829, markii cilmiga ahaa oo kaliya 26, naftiisa gooyay gaaban.

Guulaha Abel

Xalka isleegyo oo ahaa darajadii shanaad - mid ka mid ah daahfurtay ugu muhiimsan ee xisaabta, taas oo ka dhigtay Niels Henrik Haabiil. Guulaha waxaa ka mid ah sidoo kale waa in aragtida furitaanka ballamay. Waxa uu sidoo kale baaritaan dhowr hawlaha aljabrada. Tani line of cilmi keentay in helitaanka Abel ee aragtida hawlaha hyperelliptic. Shuqullo badan oo muhiim ah oo Abel Niels Henrik la xiriiraan aragtida ah ee taxanahan.

Abel Prize

Tan iyo xisaabta ma heli Nobel Prize, 2002 Dowladda Norway ayaa waxaa la aasaasay abaalmarinta u gaar ah iyaga, wuxuu u yeedhay Haabiil. Tan iyo 2003, sanad kasta waxaa lagu abaalmariyey ah xisaabyahannada casriga ah u fiican. u dhigma lacagta caddaanka ah ee wax yar ka yar hal million oo doolar. Abaalmarintan waxaa la abuuray ma aha oo kaliya in ay ku Abaal marinaa cilmi mudan, laakiin sidoo kale in dadka la xisaabta ee jiilalka yaryar. Ka mid ah abaalmarinahaas saynisyahano ay sida Lennart Carleson, John G. Thompson, Mikhail Gromov, Jean-Per Serr. Sidoo kale, guusha ee Prize Abel ahaa saynisyahan a Ruush Yakov Siinay. Waxa uu helay abaalmarinta oo uu ka qayb qaateen in ay daraasadda nidaamyada dynamical, aragti ergodic iyo physics xisaabta.