Semenov Nikolay Nikolaevich: Biography, hawl sayniska

Semenov Nikolai - yaqaan Soviet Chemical, taas oo ah mid ka mid ah aasaasayaasha Chemical Physics. Sidoo kale, our geesi ahaa academician ah oo ka mid ah Academy of Sciences ee USSR.

sano ka yar

saynisyahan The mustaqbalka waxa uu ku dhashay magaalada Ruush ah Saratov ee April 1896. Nicholas ka qalin jebin dugsiga Saratov dhabta ah ee 1913, oo magiciisiina wuxuu galay on board dahab ah. Intii lagu guda jiray tababarka, nin kulmeen Vladimir Karmilovym - macallinkiisa iyo saaxiib. Waxa uu ahaa kii ay taageerayaan qiiro Semenov inuu naftiisa si sayniska ducaystaaye. Ay saaxiibtinimo, ay qaadeen ilaa sanadka u. In xagaagii 1913 Semenov Nikolai gaaray University Petrograd in Physics iyo Xisaabta Kuliyadda. Nikolay Aleksandrovich Semenov ahaa nin military una Maleeyeen in wiilkiisa sidoo kale naftayda uga dhigeen si loogu mustaqbalkiisa this. Markii uu soo galay jaamacadda, waxaa jiray kala ah qoyska, kaas oo socday muddo dhowr sano. Laga bilaabo sannadkii labaad ee waxbarasho, ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo noqday lug cilmi halis ah iyada oo ay hoggaaminayaan ee A. Joffe. Waxa uu sidoo kale qoray dhowr waraaqaha cilmiyeed ku saabsan atamka iyo taagoo. In 1917 wuxuu ka qalin jabiyay jaamacadda oo helay shahaado oo ahaa darajadii ugu horeysay. Semenov Nikolay Nikolaevich weli ku jira dugsiga, galay la shaqayn jiray ee professorial (casriga ah post-graduate).

xafiiska

Biography Semenova Nikolaya Nikolaevicha dhigaysa jeedin cusub markii uu 1918 u tageen inay Samara in ay booqdaan waalidkiis. waxaa uu yimid, wuxuu helaa fallaago ah Corps Czechoslovak ah. In xagaagii 1918 maamulka ee Samara qabtay SRS. Muddo ka dib, Nicholas waxaa la odhan jiray si ay u noqdaan askari iskaa wax u qabso ee ciidanka Ilaalada White ah. Waxaa isna wuxuu u adeegay kaliya seddex isbuuc horgalaha batari madaafiic. Noocan oo kale ah nolosha gaaban ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in wararka yimid ugu dhakhsaha badan in aabbihiis uu si xun u xanuunsan. Ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa ayaa helay tago, laakiinse aabbihiis wax yar ka dhintay.

Tomsk

Ka dib markii in, Nicholas go'aansaday inuu ku laabto meesha dagaalka, laakiinse rugtoodii ka tegey oo si Tomsk, taas oo ahayd xarunta ugu dhow. Ku dhowaad laba sano oo noloshiisa halkan ku qaatay cilmiga shaqada ee jaamacadda iyo Institute of Technology. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyada oo loo marayo waqtiga, culumadu abaabulo ciidan Kolchak ee. Wuxuu ku jiray guutada madaafiicda ah, laakiin waxaa ugu dhaqsaha badan loo wareejiyay radiobatalon si adkeysiga ee saaxiibadii mahad. Ka dib markii in, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay sii wataan waxbarashadooda uu Institute of Technology. Xilliga jiilaalka 1919 magaalada qabsaday Ciidamada Cas. Tani waxay keentay in xaqiiqda ah in Semenov ahaa, ka dib markii taas oo uu shaqada cilmi-baarista iyo waxbaridda sii.

Dhigashada Joffe

In guga ee 1920, Nikolai Semenov, kuwaas oo Biography ka dhigaysa jeedin kale oo aanay filayn, ku soo laabtay Petrograd at martiqaad ee saaxiibkiis Joffe, kuwaas oo wakhtiga la abuuray machadka Jirka-Technical ee shucaaca ah. Semenov noqday madaxa shaybaarka ee ifafaale elektaroonik ah, oo in muddo ah ka dib markii uu noqday agaasime ku-xigeenka Machadka Physico-Farsamada. Wada jir ah ula P. Kapitsa our geesi bixisaa dunida cilmiyeed hab cusub oo lagu qiyaaso duurka ku magnetic la eb ee beer nonuniform. Habka la mid ah waxaa si firfircoon horumarinta laba cilmibaadhe oo kale O. darantahay iyo W. Gerlach. In 1928, Nikolay Semenov heshay horyaalka of professor of Leningrad Polytechnic machadka. Muddo ka dib, wuxuu ku dhisay ee Institute of Chemical Physics oo uu noqdo agaasimaheeda joogto ah ilaa maalmood ee ugu danbeysay. Dhab ahaantii Interesting in dhowr maalmood ka dib markii la aasaasay ee jaamacadda gudahood, uu ku wareejiyay Moscow.

ay xubin ka dhabta ah - Wax yar ka professor ah xubin ka mid ah Academy of Sciences ee USSR ah, iyo in uu noqdo 1932. Wax yar ka dib, ayuu hawsha allifaadda ku daabacay cinwaan looga dhigay "Chemical Kinetics iyo Xasaasiyada Chain", halkaas oo dood cadeeyo jiritaanka reaction silsilad.

dagaal

Nikolay Semenov - kiimiko ah in ku haboon yahay in ay gobolka, xataa lagu jiro dagaalka. In 1941, uu daad gureeyay in ay Kazan, halkaas oo heshiis lacag la qaraxa iyo gubashada. Si dhakhso ah uu magaalada soo noqdeen oo shaqo bilaabay oo bare ka ah Moscow State University. shaqaalaha University waxaa aad u duubay qabow ee ay bulshada Semenova. Isla sanadkaas ayuu abaabulay waaxda kinetics kiimikada, kaas oo uu madax ka badan 40 sano ee soo socda.

Moscow Institute of Physics iyo Technology

In 1946, wuxuu soo wada abaabulay la hay'ad xusay P. Kapitsa Semenov oo isku mar uu noqonayaa ay co-aasaha iyo agaasimaha cilmi ah oo ka mid ah Kuliyadda Chemistry. Toban sano ee uu noloshiisa (1940-1950), isagu waa xubin firfircoon oo shaqaalaha mashruuca Soviet qaaradda. In 1947, Semenov Nikolay gala madaxda sare ee CPSU ah. Laga soo bilaabo 1961 in 1966 uu ahaa xubin ka musharax ee CC ah, iyo sidoo kale 3 jeer noqday xigeen ee Golaha Sare. In 1966 wuxuu ahaa ku-xigeenka la doortay of 7 yeelataan shir ee # Degmada 512.

saynisyahan waxa uu ahaa mid ka mid ah horjeeda ee dagaalka nuclear. Si uu dugsiga sayniska waxaa ka mid ah farmashiye iyo physicists sida Ya Zel'dovich, Yu Chariton, N. Emanuel. Wuxuu aasay aqoonyahan weyn ee caasimada Ruushka oo laga helay Xabaalaha Novodevichy ah. ka si caadi ah uu ku dhintay dayrta ee 1986.

hawlaha sayniska

Nikolay Semenov, Biography gaaban waa mawduuca maqaalkan, arinta daahfurtay in sameeyey dad badan oo cilmi ah oo waxtar leh. ugu weyn ee The iyaga ka mid ah la xiriiraan aragtida kaamerada qaraxa, isku gaaska sari iyo aragti of falcelinta silsilad ee kiimikada. Arrinta ugu weyn waxay ahayd dhibaato ka mid ah gaasaska ionization cilmiga. Waxa uu sidoo kale ku hawlan mawduuca of burburka dielectric, taasi oo markii dambe waxay isagii hor geeyeen si ay u abuuraan burburka kaamerada of aragtida ah. Waxa uu noqday aasaas u ah aragtida ah suuroggalaan kaamerada. All this ogol yahay isaga si wax looga qabto arrimaha qaraxa waxyaabaha qarxa iyo ku gubanayso.

Wada jir ah ula sayniska Kapitza sameeyay tijaabo, taas oo loo ogol yahay si ay u xisaabiso weecasho ee ku jirase aad ee atamka paramagnetic duurka ah inhomogeneous. Iyada oo Yu Khariton awooday in lagu ogaado heerkulka uumiga iyo cufnaanta muhiim ah.

The saynisyahan ugu caansan ayaa helay iyada oo uu aragtida of falcelinta silsilad. Wax yar ka dib uu cadeeyay nidaamka silsilad xagjirka ah, xiganaya qaar ka mid ah doodaha. daahfurtay waxay ku jahooyinka cusub ee farmashiye tacliinta furay. Iyada oo Shilov muujiyeen xiriirka ka mid ah geedi socodka tamarta iyo horumarinta reactions silsilad. In 1956, Semenov abaal abaalmarinta Nobel ee kimisteriga. Sidoo kale, isagu waa qoraaga buugga "The ifafaale of silsilad tamarta branching ee falgalka kiimikada."

Nikolay Semenov, waa kan warqad sawir ah, habka safeeyey of isugu uruuray magaabo-taagan Bodenstein. Ka hor this, habkan ahayd meesha keliya ee xisaabinta ogeed ku dhaqanka. shaqada gaarka ah ee cilmiga loo soocay in theme ee geedi socodka horseed. Waxa uu sharaxay aragtida ah ee catalysis Nuurre Aw la Vol'kenshtein F. iyo B. Gobolka.

qoyska

Semenov Nikolay Nikolaevich koray qoys aad u hufan. Sida aan ognahay, aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa sarkaal. Ka dib hawlgabka uu ka shaqeeyay karraaniga, oo markii dambe u noqday gole gobol oo helay abtirsan shakhsiyeed. farmashiyaha Hooyo Elena lahaa asal ahaan laandheere. Awoowo Nikolaya Semenova hooyada Tsarskoye Selo ahaa shaqaale.

Our geesiga ahaa guursaday 1921 in ayaadse ardayba, professor of University Petrograd iyo turjumaan ee Dante Mary Isidorovne Boreyshe-Liverovskii. Dhab ahaantii xiiso An in qof dumar ah oo uu horey u lahaa afar carruur ka ninkii ugu horeeyay oo ahaa mid wax badan ka weyn yahay saaxiibkiis. laba sano oo nolosha ku faraxsan yahay ka dib markii wada Mariya Isidorovna dhintay kansarka. Sannad ka dib, saynisyahan ah u guursado Natale Burtsevoy - walaasha oo uu naagtiisa. guurka Tani waxa ay ahayd ka badan ayaa lagu guuleystay, sida labada siiyey laba carruur cajiib ah: Ludmilla iyo Yuri. In 1971, Semenov Nikolay la rijeynaya in ay ku xidhmaan nolol la mid ka mid ah caawiyayaashiisa. guurka ee la soo dhaafay ahayd, sida ugu horeysay, iyagoo gablan ah.

Koobaya maqaalka, waxa la odhan karaa in ay shaqo iyo waayo-aragnimo Nikolaya Semenova noqday sal adag ee cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta cilmiga kiimikada dheeraad ah. xirfadiisa saynisyahan ayaa waxaa ay astaan u liiska abaalmarinta uu kasbaday iyada oo ay shaqo adag iyo fikrado cusub.