Semenovskaya matryoshka: taariikhda, sharaxaad iyo saxiixaaga. sayidkiisa Semenov rinji caruusadaha kulaylaha 1600

Semenovskaya matryoshka - maqlay magaca shaqada this of art, oo dhan xusuusan guriga rinjiyeynta Khokhloma, duurka sayidkiisa, rag saaniciin ah xirfad ah xardho qoryo. Markii hore matryoshka aha kii ugu horreeyey ee sayid oo dhan, laakiinse weligeedba ku taaban ee farsamada gacanta qoom magaalada Semenov ee gobolka Nizhny Novgorod. Toy ka duwan qurux iyo midab gaar ah.

Semenovskaya matryoshka - mid ka mid ah ugu gaar ah iyo calaamadaha ugu garan karo ee Russia. Waxaa muuqatay xusuus this dhamaadka qarnigii XIX ah, marka taariikhda dalka, wax badan ayaa si qoto dheer bedelay, la beddelo dhaqanka dadka Ruush. Waxaa la ubaxu Zaman ee "style Slavic" waqtigan. Xiisaha sii kordhaya ee fanka cusub ganaax, si kastaba ha ahaatee, soo noolaaday ee farsamada gacanta ee qadiimiga ah.

Waa maxay caruusada ah xilliga kulaylaha?

Haddii aad isku daydo in la siiyo qeexidda dhabta ah ee toy this, waxay igu odhan doonaan wax u eg: Matryoshka - caruusada alwaax Ruush, gudaha of kuwaas oo gundhig u eg, ku kala duwan yihiin midba midka kale in size iyo rinjiyeynta, sida caruusadaha matryoshka.

toy ugu horeeya ee sida la sameeyo qori ah ayaa lagu soo bandhigay in dadkii oo ah qaab ka mid ah siddeed interlaces gabdhaha - wiilasha, kuwaas oo haysta gacmahooda ku ciyey madow tsyplyatok si yar, iyo mid ka mid ah la soo dhaafay, yar, waxaa loo sameeyey qaab ilmo koolkooliyey. All sideed caruusadaha ayaa rinji rinjiga midabada dhalaalaya leh yabban dad. Waxaan ka baabbi'in xigeenka matryoshka horeysay Master Toy ah Zvezdochkin iyo rinji by SV Malyutin.

History of abuurka

Abuuritaanka shuqullada farshaxanka ee "style qaranka", fannaaniinta si fiican u yaqaan, cabinetmakers, oo kuwa shuqulka qabta inta badan soo kiraystay qaaday tijaabada ah ee alaabta lagu ciyaaro dadka kale. Waxaa jira fashion ah Japanese oo dhan, maxaa yeelay, tijaabooyinka, oo ah call bariga tahay waqtiga oo xiiso weyn. Markaas, oo waxaa la keenay noo progenitor dalka ee caruusadaha kulaylaha Ruush.

Laga soo bilaabo magaalada Japanese ah Honshu waxaa loo keenay figurine ee xikmadda leh a Buddhist - Fukurumu gudahood oo dhowr ah oo isku mid ah, size kaliya ee yar yar ayaa maal. xiiso leh intooda badan waa in shuqulkan koowaad ee fanka xardhay wadaad a Ruush, mucjisooyin ku qabtay on jasiiradaha Japan.

Sida laga soo xigtay taariikhyahan, Semyonov matryoshka, kuwaas oo taariikhda bilaabmaa qarnigii 19aad, waxa la abuuray ekaanta Fukurumu, waxay ahayd inuu tiradaasi waxa uu noqday tusaale alaabta lagu Ruush.

calaamad

Semenovskaya matryoshka - calaamad u ah hooyada, xoog iyo dumar caafimaad qaba. caruusada The, kaas oo xanbaarsan yahay qoyska oo dhan, sidoo kale waa calaamad u ah bacriminta.

Dheddig - waalidka, homemakers. Hooyo lahaa si adag u shaqeeyaan si ay u daryeelaan carruurta, daryeelo mudan rizqigooda dhexdooda, waayo, waxaa loo baahan yahay gacmaha iyo caafimaadka xoog leh, taas oo ah sababta Semyonov caruusada kulaylaha u muuqataa si fiican u-nuujiyo iyo ubaxu.

caruusadaha Nested astaan qoyska xoog, taageero labada dhinac iyo soo dhawaataan ruuxiga ah.

Maxaad magaca "matryoshka"

Sharax magaca alaabta lagu Ruush by kartaan falanqeeyo oo dhan oo ka mid ah arrimahan soo socda. Matryoshka, Matrona, Matryosha - xididka ereyga waa ka soo jeedo Latin. Mater Latin macno tarjumayaa "hooyo", waxa xiiso leh in macnaha kale ee erayga ma.

Matryoshka - derivative ah magaca Mary, Manya, Marie. Tani waa magac ballaaran loo isticmaalo Slavs ee jeer oo dhan.

Matryoshka - magaca ilaahadda Buddhist ah Matri.

Weligiis taariikhda

At Exhibition aduunka ee Paris ee 1900 matryoshka Ruush badisay aqbalo universal, ka dib markii taas ay wax soo saarka kor u fuulay buuraha lahaa, sidii baahida uu kordhay dhowr jeer. Oo Semenov - magaalo of badeecada ka samaysan alwaax - bilaabeen inay qadiin cusub. Semenovskaya matryoshka, taariikhda abuurka taas oo hada dhow bilowday, waxa uu noqday kuwa ugu caansan, sida saanacyadii maxaliga ah ayaa si fudud u qaatay waayo aragnimo ah ee soo saarta alaabta lagu ciyaaro alwaax, kaamileen technology isticmaalaa midabo dhalaalaya, waayo, rinjiyeynta.

Markii hore, sicir- sayidkii, ka dibna rinji caruusadaha guriga, ka dibna waxbarasho, iyo ka dib bilaabay in ay ka shaqeeyaan Warshadda, fulinta amarada waaweyn.

Semenov loo yaqaan "caasimada Lozhkarev" Russia iyo caruusadaha xilliga kulaylaha ma ay meel ugu horeysay ee wax soo saarka alaabta alwaax. Waxay ahaayeen laga sameeyey qashinka oo malqacadaha sameeyey. Waqti ka, dhaqmaadka ka waayo-aragnimo sayid hareeraheeda ah ee soo saarta caruusadaha nested Ruush, saanacyadii degaanka sameeyey qaababka ay sifo sawirka Semyonov lucbadda xilliga kulaylaha. image ee toy dhalaalaysa noqdo garan karo, waxa la helo caan ma aha oo kaliya in Russia laakiin sidoo kale dibadda.

Dhalashada ee alaabta lagu ciyaaro

Curadkayga Semyonov caruusada xilliga kulaylaha, taasoo sheekada abuurniinta ee maqaal ee degmada Semenov ee tuulada Old Mu'miniinta - Gobolka Merinova Nizhny Novgorod. Dad badan oo degaan Merinova kasbadeen halka iibinta maacuunta alwaax, sanduuqyada fullaaci kara of qaabab kala duwan, soo saaray ganacsiga alaabta lagu jeestay qalaad, iyo caruusadaha markaas nested.

Horeba 1929, caruusadaha kulaylaha ayaa soo saaray in style Semenovskiy adag - la rinjiyeynta gaar ah, waxaana la buuxiyaa foom gaar ah, habka tahay oo alwaax Zavolzhsky. sayidkiisa-Toy The ugu horeysay, kaasoo sameeyey caruusadaha kuwanu waxay ahaayeen rag saaniciin ah Vaginas merinovskie ugu da'da weyn. Ay caruusadaha oo kuwii hore ka dhigay on nooc ka mid ah alaabta lagu ciyaaro la mid ah Nizhny Novgorod - odayaashii la laalo la shaaribada haa.

sayidkiisa kale merinovsky - Toy Mayorov, guriga keenay caruusada la mid ah ka Nizhny Novgorod, oo kaliya in ay ahayd qolof madhan, gudaha iyo dibadda. gabadhii ugu weynaa ee lucbadda sayidkiisa rinjiyeeyay isaga u gaar ah waxaa garab ee sundress Ruush oo ubax guduudan on dufan ah, "xiran" madaxeeda kokoshnik dhalaalaya. Oo waxaa lagu rinjiyeeyay caruusadaha merinovski, iyo sidoo kale, wada jir ah ula rinjiyeynta merinovskoy muuqday iyo foom u gaar ah ee toy this. Sayidka ayaa ku dhashay ifafaale Semyonov lucbadda xilliga kulaylaha.

Si wadajir ah iyaga la Semenov, qaawi, tiro badan oo ah waxey kale oo ka samaysan alwaax. Artists iyaga oo dhan rinjiyeeyay isku qaab Khokhloma rinjiyeynta. Sawiro dushiisa of alaabta alwaax hore waxay ahaayeen kuwo sahlan, laakiin ugu danbeyn wax sharraxsan, midabyo cokan, xubno badan oo adag, ku daray qaababka cuntada oo dheeraad ah. matryoshka alwaax Semenovskaya noqday nin aad u qurux badan oo midabo.

Sida sameeyey caruusadaha kulaylaha

Matryoshka - caruusada waa godan gudaha. Durba waxa ay taasi waxaad la Yaabteen ku saabsan xirfadaha weyn oo rag saaniciin ah, waxa aanu. ganacsi caruusada Nested waa mid aad u adag, waxay u baahan tahay heshiis weyn oo xirfad iyo dulqaadashada. Ma aha nooca kasta oo qori ahna waa ku haboon wax soo saarka, sidaas doorashada ee sayidkiisa qoryo aad u culus. Inta badan isticmaasho dhagaxyada sida bjørk, Linden, Aspen, mararka qaar waa Alder. Geed waa la gooyaa jiilaalka soo daaho ama horraanta gu'ga. Dooro foosto oo siman, oo aan kuus kuus, kaas oo markaas miinshaarna waa dhowr abuse, oo markaas ka qaad jilif iyo geedka ma crack doonaa marka qalalan, geesaha waxaa lahu dhoobada. Ka dib markii alwaax kaydinta qolka a iyo sidoo kale-hawo muddo dheer waxaa la qalajiyey, laakiin ma desiccate ah. "Siddo Tree - waa waxa aan u baahan tahay!" - ayaa sheegay in odayga, iyo xitaa waxaa hubinayo urta. dhaqdhaqaaqa sax ah oo u yiqiin wuxuu ilka qaabka doonayo ee alaabta, matryoshka ugu horeysay ka dhigaysa yar. tiradaasi machined dhammeeyey u keenan, badali doono oo la safeeyey. Markaas oo keliya ay bilaabaan inay rinji dusha sare, iyadoo la isticmaalayo gouache, watercolor, looxa ama saliid rinjiga.

rinjiyeynta qurux yaab

Semenov rinji caruusadaha kulaylaha sameeyey style caanka Semenovskiy Khokhloma isticmaalo xubno sawiro ah iyo yabban ee qadiimiga Russia. In xubno madaxtooyada dibadda ka ciyaaraan door muhiim ah ka soo saarka ee qadiin.

The caruusadaha ugu horeysay loo sameeyey carruurta ridayeen, si aan qabyo ahayn rinji naqshadaha. Iyada oo ah fanaaniinta baal goose afaysteen codsatay in ay ku contours ee wajiga iyo dharka, ka dibna dhammaan canaasiirta ayaa rinji formaldehyde aniline midabo dhalaalaya oo casaan, casaan, buluug, cagaar iyo guduud midabada. Aasaaska Semyonov caruusada nested rinjiyeynta - midabyo badan oo, kaalinta la kaashanaynaysaa, wareegyada, qaansooyin, ubax yar. Kor matreshkas rinji codsatay lakabka ah wax, xamuurada kadib isticmaalaan.

Tani waxay khusaysaa caruusadaha kulaylaha dhaqanka Semenov, halka muddo bilaabay in ay u muuqdaan caruusadaha xusuus ah in "style Ruush" ee moodada, kuwaas oo shiiska waxaa ka buuxsamay dadka taariikhiga ah ( "Taras Bulba", "Napoleon", "Kutuzov"). Inta badan fool caruusadaha kulaylaha noqday shakhsiyaad caan ah oo ka mid ah boqorrada dalka qoyska ( "The qoyska Romanov"), boyars ah, qorayaasha ah ( "Gogol", "Pushkin", "garabyada") iyo geesiyaal ah sheekooyinka iyo warkii ( "dabocase The", "Gingerbread").

dhaxal ahaan Folk ee dalka

Waayo, kuwo badan Semenov tahay caruusada nested noqday wax la iska dhaxlo. dukaamo Semenov, shalash toy iyo iskaashi mideysan hal warshad. In 1954, waxaa jiray si wadajir ah iskaashi "Toy", kaas oo uu dib u habayn ku galay warshad durba 1960. Laga bilaabo halkan on waa wax soo saarka ee caruusadaha multi-kulaylaha, caruusadaha waxaa laga sameeyay 18, 25 caruusadaha nested. caruusadaha badan oo-nested lagu sameeyey dhacdooyinkii ugu caansan iyo taariikhaha weyn.

sayidkiisa Semenov rinji caruusadaha kulaylaha 1600

rinjiyeynta gaar Semyonov matryoshka arkay ilaa maantadan la joogo. qadiin Original "Semenovskaya rinjiyaynta" warshad yaableh ay Kumaan. Recently Semenov 1600 sayidkiisa rinji caruusadaha kulaylaha, laakiinse iyagu ma ay joojin. Sida xusuus ah a, toy this ayaa had iyo jeer ahaa oo ay noqon doontaa hadiyad fiican gayiga dalkeenna, iyo dibadda. Tani waxay muujinaysaa dadka caalamiga ah ee caruusadaha kulaylaha Ruush.