Shuqullada Zhukovsky ee: liiska

Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah aasaasayaasha nasjonalromantiske ee Ruush. Tani waa sababta diiradda ee uu shaqada ayaa dhibaatada dunida hoose nin. Sida ku yidhi isaga ku saabsan mudnaanta Belinsky Zhukovsky qiimo - wuxuu "qalbi iyo naf" gabayada Ruush siiyey.

shuqullada Zhukovsky ee xoogga saaraan dareenka gudaha ee geesiga, dareenka iyo shucuurta ninka caadiga ah, taas oo keentay in xaqiiqda ah in Abwaan waxaa looga baahan yahay in ay ka gudbaan style sare oo classicists qoray horreeyay uu. shuqullada Language noqday more dareenka, noole, gudbinta Gudigga nafsi ah oo kala duwan. Waxaa ka mid ah weedhaha iyo hadalka.

asalka ah ee Abwaan

Gabayaaga ku dhashay January 29, 1783 ku taal soohdinta gobollada Oryol, Kaluga iyo Tula, in tuulada Mishenskoe. Wuxuu ahaa wiilka sharci darrada ah nin oday ah oo qani ah, Athanasius Ivanovich Bunin iyo haween Turkish, taas oo 1770 Ruush lagu qabtay iiriyo ee Bender.

Abwaan Magac mustaqbalka ka adeerkiis, Andrei Ivanovich Zhukovsky, Nin sharaf leh miskiin ah, kuwaas oo ku noolaa xaafadda Bunin ah, kuwaas oo qaatay wiilka helay. Sidan buu fogaadaa xaaladda sharci darrada ah.

shuqullada Zhukovsky ee (liiska)

Abwaan qoray badan, si ay qaataan uu shaqada ee isla qodobkaas, waxaa aad u adag. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaanu kuu soo bandhigi shuqullada weyn ee Zhukovsky (liiska si taariikh).

1. "May Morning" (1797).
2. "Afkaarta xabaashii" (1797).
3. "Qabuuraha Miyiga" (1802).
4. "Evening" (1806).
5. "Ludmila" (1808).
6. "Svetlana" (1812).
7. "Singer waxay xeradii reer askari oo Ruush" (1812).
8. "Aeolian kataaradda" (1814).
9. "Sabab" (1819kii).
10. "Tsarskoye Selo Swan" (1851).
11. "Warwareegidda Yuhuudi" (1851-1852 sano).

Wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan wax soo saarka kasta, eeg hoos.

Dhalinyarada iyo shaqo hore

Xataa in uu sanadaha hore waxbarashada ee dugsiga hoyga ah, oo ku yaalla ee Jaamacadda Moscow, Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich, shuqulladiisa oo aan u falanqeeyaan doonaa, ayuu ka abuuray isaga oo gabayo ugu horeysay. The ugu weyn ee guulaha uu waqtiga loo arkaa in ay: gabay ah "May Morning" iyo shaqo tiraab "Afkaarta xabaashii," qoran 1797. Gabay "May Morning" wuxuu ku bilaabmayaa ruuxa classicism: "Belorumyana waagu soo baxdo ...". nooca sawirka waxaa lagu tilmaamay in aan la taaban karin ah, idealistic. Isticmaalka erayada sare ( "Waji"), mifologizm ( "Foybi"), sifooyin xarunta ( "belorumyana"). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in khadadka soo socda waxaa jira dareen ah qadhaadh iyo khasaaro of wadnaha. Dhamaado shaqeeyaan ruuxa sentimentalism: "Life, saaxiibkay, yaamayska ilmada iyo dhibaatada ...".

"Qabuuraha Miyiga"

shuqullada Early by Vasily Zhukovsky inta badan ku qoran nooca ah ee Elegy. Karamzin, halka qoraaga Ruush caanka ah, wuxuu ahaa saaxiib la ah ee Abwaan iyo macalinka. Waxa uu ahaa kii ku Aaminto Zhukovsky mahad mid ka mid ah oo shuqulladaadii hore ugu weyn ee uu - Elegy ah "Xabaalaha Miyiga", Elegy turjumaad Thomas Gray, Abwaan Ingiriisi. Karamzin ayaa ogolaaday shaqada iyo waxa ay gaadhay in 1802 modified Elegy waxaa lagu faafiyey ee "Journal of Europe", taas oo publisher waqtiga, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa. theme ugu weyn ee ay shuqulladii - macnaha nolosha, oo nin ayaa xiriir la dunida ka baxsan. Elegy waxaa loo dhisay in ay matalayaan Abwaan, sababa hadalqaaday ee qubuuraha tuulada. In maanka Abwaan degna muuqan su'aalo in uu isku dayayo inuu ka jawaabo. Waxay ka mideysan yihiin by fikrad badan ee transience nolosha iyo Dhabahaan buu of qaddar. Abwaan jecel aan "ku kalsoon tahay of Fortune," iyo kuwa adag u shaqeeya waxyaalaha wanwanaagsan ee dalka.

"Evening"

Wax yar ka dib, markii shuqulladaadii hore asalka ah ee Zhukovsky, sida Elegy "Evening" ka, ku qoran 1806. Inkasta oo far Abwaan ee u gaarka ah aan weli si buuxda u sameeyay, kana xoogbadan iyagoo wada noolaanshaha iyo luqadda Elegy muusikada. Mawduucan ah "cid Evening" - macnaha nolosha, aayahooda aadanaha. The wax ugu wanaagsan ee nolosha, sida uu Abwaan, jacayl iyo saaxiibtinimada, quruxda dabiiciga ah. In Elegy this weli dhaqan garan classic: mifologizm isticmaalo ( "Bacchus", "Zephyr", "Alpine", "Minvana") iyo Slavonicisms ( "ee Brega," "Zlata", "oratai" et al.).

"Don Quixote", articles muhiim ah

shuqullada Zhukovsky ee loogu talagalay carruurta ka furmay muuqday 1804, hore ee lix Muga turjumaadda ee Cervantes 'Don Quixote, "kaas oo sidoo kale lagu calaamadeeyay hadal nunu af Ruush live.

In 1808, Zhukovsky (da'doodu tahay kaliya 25) noqday editor sare oo ka mid ah "Bulletin of Europe", bedelka si Karamzin. Isla mar ahaantaa, waxa ay qaadataa badan, ayuu qoray sheekooyin, dib u eegista, gabayo, maqaalo muhiim ah. In la soo dhaafay gabayaa uu ka hadlaayo nasjonalromantiske sida a jihada cusub ee madax banaan ee suugaanta Ruush. xeerarka Classic in nasjonalromantiske mar dambe waa ay khuseyso, waa in la qiimeeyaa marka la eego "dheellitirnaanta" iyo "congruity" dhadhanka, waafaqid stylistic.

"Lyudmila"

shuqullada noocyo Zhukovsky ayaa aan ku xaddidnayn elegies. In 1808 wuxuu daabacay Balcad ugu horeysay - "Lyudmila", taas oo turjumaad ah oo lacag la'aan ah curiyay G. Burger, Abwaan Jarmal. shaqada waxay qaadataa akhristaha ah oo aan la garaneyn galay dunida ka baxsan, cabsi iyo Qurxiyey waqti isku mid ah. goob wuxuu qaadanayaa akhristaha in qarniyadii dhexe, intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Livonian ee 16-17 qarniyo. qof ugu weyn, Lyudmila, sugaya gacaliyeheeda ka dagaalka iyo, oo aan sugin, wuxuu bilaabaa inuu u gunuusaan markay ka dhanka ah qaddar. hooyo wuxuu isku dayaa inuu u qalbi qaboojiya, isagoo sheegay in "Jannada - Abaal marin kuwa is-hoosaysiiya, cadaabta - Quluubta caasi ah", waxayna ugu baaqaysaa inay addeecaan samada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Lyudmila lumin iimaanka, iyo waxa uu noqonayaa mid aad u badan oo cadaabta halkii abaalgudkii filayaa.

"Svetlana"

wax soo saarka ee "Svetlana" (Zhukovsky) - taasi waa Balcad asalka ah, oo ay ka mid Umaad Ruush iyo waxay aaminsan yihiin.

Jawiga waslad this, sida ka soo horjeeda ee "Ludmilla", farxad, dhalaalaya. Balcad geliyo xubno ka mid ah hiddaha Ruush - songs iyo tibaaxaha podblyudnyh ( "tumaal Skuy ii Zlat oo taaj cusub", "my beauty", "podruzhenka," "farxad, iftiinka indhahayga," "Crazy Light" iyo kuwa kale.). Svetlana sidoo kale filaysa arooska, laakiin, ka duwan Ludmila ugu dambeyntii la kulmay isaga.

"Aeolian kataaradda"

shuqullada Romantic Zhukovsky sii abuurka "Aeolian kataaradda" (1814). Waxaa isku daraa Balcad iyo gabayada lyric. Falanqaynta shaqada ee Zhukovsky jeediyay Belinsky, in uu ra'yi, in Balcad ee "diiradda dhibic oo dhan, soo jiidashada oo dhan hindiga Zhukovsky udgoon." halyeeyad ma dhiman, iyo tagaa dunida kale, halkaas oo ku biiray ee la soo dhaafay iyada lover. Dvoemiriya ujeedada galay shuqullo badan oo caan ah Zhukovsky, marayay shuqulkiisa oo dhanna.

"Singer ayaa xerada ..."

War Patriotic ee 1812 ma yeelan karto sanadka aanay u keeni jawaab qalbiga Abwaan, kuwaas oo ahaa aqoon u leh waaqiciga - Zhukovsky qaaday qayb firfircoon ee colaadaha ku darajo wayn ee Sarreeye, dagaalamayaan hooyo ah. The dhacdooyinka of time in soocay in ay ka shaqeeyaan, "Singer waxay xeradii reer askari oo Ruush", taas oo theme wadaniyiinta si gaar ah ay adag tahay, maxaa yeelay, wax walba ku xiran yahay waayo-aragnimo shakhsi ah qoraaga. Qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee shaqada la qoray bogga hore, ka hor dagaalka Tarutino. Abwaan ammaanay geesinimada iyo rag xoog badan oo ahaa dadkii dalka Ruushka, ay geesinimo iyo geesinimada in wajiga cadowga. halkan lagu gartaa odic weyn leh, luuqada falna sanyahay, isticmaali Slavonicisms, sida "ciidankii", "ciidankii", "CE", "arko", "arkeen", iyo qaar kale. Shaqada ugu qoran tahay isku-dar ah trehstopnogo iyo tetrameter iambic, kaas oo ahaa aan caadi ahayn waqtiga, sida ODE ay ku qoran gaar ah tetrameter iambic.

"Sabab"

dhimashada Mashi Protasovoy, lover iyo Muuse, oo gabayaa ayaa ku biiray nolosha sida gabadha hooyadeed waxaa ka soo horjeeda in ay guurka ka dib, Zhukovsky sii kordheysa bilaabaa inuu ka fekero Hooska weligeed ah, oo jannada, oo halkaas asalka ah ee ujeeddooyinka diineed ee gabayada. shuqullada waa ay yara adag, mararka qaarkood Abwaan diido in oo ka Xadgudba stylistic jecel, iyo xataa mijana. Waxaa buuxdhaafaa "dareenka enjineer xad-dhaaf ah" in uu isku dayay in uu u gudbiyo in maansadu "enjineer" (1819kii):

"Dhamaan immensity ee hal ku jiidhaya oo neef,
Oo kaliya aamusnaanta ka dhigayaa cad. "

Tarjumidda 20-30th.

In the 20-30-mada. Abwaan abuuraa ballads cusub iyo turjumaadaha. Maadooyinka uu ka Goethe deyn ( "Shimbiraha"), Schiller ( "Knight Togenburg", "Cup"), Scott ( "Castle Smeagolm ama Ivanov Evening") iyo gabayaaga kale. Zhukovsky tarjumayaa in "The Lay ee Igor", "maxbuus Shinonsky" Byron (1818-1822), "Yartoy of Orleans" Schiller iyo Goethe waa xiiso, kaasoo uu kula jiray awoodaan in ay la kulmaan qof ee 1821, markii Abwaan horreeyey waxaa la sameeyey safar dibadda.

shuqullada dhawaan Zhukovsky

ballads Recent Zhukovsky waa tarjumaadaha gabayada "Rustam iyo Zohrab" iyo "NÄL iyo Damayanti", taas oo uu ka tarjumaysaa on daa'in. ballads Kuwani ka dhawaajin aad u casri ah, tan iyo aayadda free ku qoran oo ku lug leh mawduuc naxo. Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich, shuqulladiisa oo jirin wax ka yar asalka ah, inta badan deyn yabban iyo mawduucyada ka qorayaasha shisheeye.

Kaliya at da'da 58, in 1841, Abwaan ugu dambeyntii laga helay qoyska ka mid ah uu guursado Elizabeth Reitern. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar ka mid ah ka dib markii guurka, Elizabeth xanuunsaday, iyo qoyska ee edbinta iyada caafimaadka u tageen inay Germany. Halkan Zhukovsky xanuunsan, laakiin wuxuu sii waday inuu ka shaqeeyo.

In 1851, Zhukovsky qoray Elegy "Tsarskoye Selo Swan", kaas oo ku dhammaanaysaa dhimashada guumaysgeesaleyda ah, mar degay Tsarskoye Selo. Shaqada Tani iyada oo taariikh ahaaneed, masaal, laakiin aad u daacad ah ayaa sheegay sheekada of qaddar naxdinta Abwaan, ka badbaaday uu waqti iyo naftiisa.

In isla sanadkaas wuxuu bilaabay inuu u yeerin (sida qaban qalinka kari waayay) uu gabay ee la soo dhaafay "The Warwareegidda Yuhuudi", yavivshuyusya natiijada asalka ah ee shaqada oo dhan qoraaga. Nasiib darro, waxa ku hadhay diiqid.

April 12, 1852 Zhukovsky ku dhintay magaalada Jarmal ah Baden-Baden.

shuqullada Zhukovsky ee ka Zaman ee dhaqdhaqaaqa classical iyo suugaanta ee saddexaad ee hore ee qarnigii 19-yimaadeen, ayaa ku jawaabay in ay arrimo dhowr ah oo daran ee waqtiga iyo dar dar geliyay horumarinta suugaanta jihada cusub - hab taataabtay.