Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee USSR ee 1953-1964 GG. History of USSR

Dib u eegis ah siyaasadda dibadda ee Midowga Soofiyeeti bilaabay dhimashada Stalin ka dib. In 50-mada. Malenkov ka hadlay "dheecaan" xiisad ay xiriirka caalamiga ah. Waxaan soo socda ka fiirsan qaababka kala duwan ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Soviet sannadaha 1953-1964.

heshiisyada nabadda

Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee USSR ee 1953-1964 sano ayaa diiradda ugu horrayn on abuuritaanka nabad iyo wadajir faa'iidada iskaashiga dalalka shisheeye. At hindisaha hoggaanka Soviet, heshiisyo badan lagu kala saxiixday. Sidaas daraaddeed, in 1953, on July 27, waxaa la kala saxiixday heshiis xabbad joojin ah ee Korea. Habka ugu weyn ee aysan xiisado on dunida ayaa martigelin hoggaanka dalka ee uu arkay ballaarinta meelaha la kaashanaya dawladaha kale. In 1955, 25 January, ka Presidium ee Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ayaa waxaa lagu ansixiyay amar, dhammaaday gobolka ee dagaalka kula Germany. Bishii September ee isla sannadkaas, madaxa dawladda ee Germany ku yimid Moscow. Intii lagu guda jiray booqashada, waxa la aasaasay xiriirka diblomaasiyeed ee West Germany. In 1955, in bartamihii bishii May, heshiis la saxiixay la Austria. In la raacayo waxaa la sida xaalad dagaal waxaa la joojiyey. Qoraalka waxa uu abuurayaa ee xukunka dhexdhexaadnimada iyo damaanad.

In 1956, Midowga Soofiyeeti noqdeen dhulka ijaaray Finland - Porkkala Samak, halkaas oo ahayd saldhig ciidamada badda ee Midowga. Bartamihii bishii June Jamhuuriyadda ururka Karelia-Finnish waxaa loo beddelaa standalone ah. Sidoo kale 1956, on 19 October, Japan iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti soo saaray bayaan ku saabsan dib u soo celinta xiriirkii diblomaasiyadeed iyo joojinta ee heerka ciidamada. By dhamaadka 50s ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ahaa heshiisyada ganacsiga ee la xiriira in ka badan 70 dalalka.

siyaasadda Soviet shisheeye 1953-1964 (kooban)

goobaha Muhiimka ah loo aqoonsaday ee xisbiga XX ee Congress. Khrushchev dhawaaqay shir ee ka maqan of go'an ee dagaalkii dunida ee soo socota, isagoo farta ku fiiqaya in suurtagalnimada ee siyaabaha kala duwan ee kala guurka si nidaamka hantiwadaag iyo wada-noolaanshaha dalalka la nidaamyada siyaasadeed ee kala duwan. In warqadaha of kulan la adkeeyay daacad u Midowga Soofiyeeti in mabaadiida madaxbanaanida iyo qaranimada, iyagoo la kaashanaya dalal shisheeye. Isla mar ahaantaana, Khrushchev ayaa sheegay in dunida oo dhan ee wada-noolaanshaha ee gobolka dhaqmo sida nooc gaar ah oo halganka fasalka. Waxaa reebaysa hababka military oo kaliya oo ma khuseeyo fikirka. In 1957 Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda madax diblomaasi weyn Gromyko. Wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda hoos hoggaanka ahaa ilaa 1985. Gromyko kaalin weyn horumarinta geedi socodka gorgortanka on abuuritaanka gacanta tartanka hubka.

Isbedelada cilmiga military

In 1956, waxay muujiyeen gudeed qaar ka mid ah Soviet siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda 1953-1964. Tiro ka mid ah wadamada shisheeye sameeyay unug, kuwaas oo waxqabad waxaa loogu talagalay, iyo waxyaabo kale, si loo yareeyo saameynta ay dalalka hantiwadaagga iyo formation of dhaqdhaqaaqa xoreynta qaranka oo ka mid ah dadyowga gumeysiga.

In 1956, ee cilmiga military ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ayaa la kulantay isbeddel. Waxay ahaayeen sababa guurka ka isticmaalka mass askar garoonka dagaalka u gantaal oo iswajahaya nuclear. marka hore ayaa si guul leh tijaabiyey gantaal ballistic Intercontinental ee adduunka ee 1957. Waxaa lahaa kala duwan oo waaweyn oo ay gaari karaan US territory. Tan iyo 1959 ayaa la bilaabay soo saarka serial oo ka mid ah gantaalaha, raaceen by qalabaynta ciidamada ciidamada difaaca hawada, hawada iyo dhulka, wuxuu bilaabay dhismaha raxan gantaal nuclear quuska. America daawado oo dhan of this, fahamsanahay in Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo sidoo jeesteen laga yaabaa in ay dhacdo in dagaalka cusub.

Colaadda la Maraykanka

In kasta oo iman kara dhismaha firfircoon gantaal nuclear ah, siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda oo ka mid ah GG USSR 1953-1964. weli diiradda lagu saaray iskaashiga dalalka ku jira dhinacyo kala duwan. Furaha sidaas xiriir la yeelanno, United States. Laga soo bilaabo 15 ilaa 27 September 1959 wuxuu ahaa booqasho Khrushchev ee America. Intii uu Khrushchev la aqbalay by Eisenhower hadlay Club Press Qaranka, iyo Golaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay, ayaa la kulmay beeralayda iyo ganacsatada. In xagaagii 1961, uu u maleeyeen inuu ku soo laabto booqashada Madaxweynaha Maraykanka ee. Laakiin on May 1, halka joogaysa Khrushchev Gorod bartay in US basaasaan diyaarad intruded galay hawada dalka iyo la toogtay hoos u dhow Sverdlovsk. Hoggaanka Soviet uu u soo diray qoraal ah oo ka cabanaya. Si wax looga qabto iyada dowladda America dhawaaqay "Baadi doon wadida" maxaa yeelay, ma ay ogayn in duuliyaha diyaaradda, lid ku ah tilmaamaha, weli nool, iyo isku qarxiyey. Iyadoo la raacayo, uu la qaatay maxbuus. maamulka Soviet sii daayay maragga oo ka mid ah pilot iyo Maraykanka qabtay been. Eisenhower ayaa diiday inuu raaligelin. Booqasho uu maalmahan ku USSR la joojiyay.

wadahadalo cusub

Siyaasadda dibadda ee USSR ee 1953-1964 GG. qiyaasayey boos adag ee dalka masraxa caalamiga ah ee a dhista-up of iman kara military-warshadaha. Tani waa, shaki la'aan, xiisadda caalamiga ah ee sii kordhaya. Horraantii bishii June 1961 hoggaanka Soviet wadahadal la Kennedy ee Vienna. Labada koox ayaa isku dayay in uu kala hadli su'aasha Jarmal iyo inay ka mamnuucaan imtixaanka nuclear. Khrushchev ku bixiyeen inay la soo wareegto heshiis nabadeed la laba Germanys si waafaqsan soohdimaha Qolyihii jira de, ku dhawaaqay West Berlin magaalo xor ah. Laakiin hindisaha this la soo diiday. Taa baddalkeeda, Kennedy heli waayey ganaax ah oo ku saabsan imtixaanka nuclear. Wall Berlin ayaa la dhisay on 13 August. Waxa uu noqday muuqashadii dhab ah oo ka mid ah "Iron daah" in qaybsan Europe. Bishii September, Midowga Soofiyeeti, Quusan heshiis la Mareykanka, in la mamnuuco qaraxyo nuclear, ay qabatay taxane ah oo baadhitaano.

dhibaatada Gantaalaha ee Cuba

Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee USSR ee 1953-1964 GG. Waxaa la soo diiradda ugu horrayn on abuuritaanka sinnaanta ciidamada Maraykanka. In 1962, waxaa jiray khatar ah in xiriirka labada dal. Xaaladda ka sii dartay oo xidhiidh la leh go'aanka ah in meel Midowga Soofiyeeti ee Cuba ansixiyay a gantaalo-duwan oo dhexdhexaad ah. America, markeeda, bilaabay in ay u diyaar garoobaan gelitaanka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ku dhowaad waqti xaadirkaan la soo dhaafay wada hadalka telefoonka ah Khrushchev iyo Kennedy, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo hoggaamiyeyaasha guuldareystay inay soo gaaraan tanaasul. In Maraykanka, ugu danbeyn ogaan gantaalaha ka Turkey iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti - Cuba.

qalalaasihii gantaalaha Cuba waxaa loo arkaa Perigee ee iska hor imaad u dhexeeya USSR iyo West ah. Ka dib wuxuu bilaabay inuu muddo détente qaraabo. In 1963, ee Moscow, heshiis ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey dhexeeya Midowga Soviet, Britain iyo America in la mamnuuco quuska imtixaanka nuclear, in meel bannaan oo ku jawiga. In muddo gaaban heshiiska ku biiray by badan 100 dal. dhimashada habka Kennedy oo Khrushchev dheecaan ka dib markii gooyey.

ATS

Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee USSR ee 1953-1964 GG. Waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu dhiso iskaashiga ma aha oo kaliya West ah, laakiin sidoo kale la dariska dhow. In xerada hantiwadaagga waqtiga ka koobnaa Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Albania. ilaa jaalka la Midowga Soofiyeeti, waxay ku abuureen ATS ah (Warsaw Heshiiska ka). ka qaybgalayaashu ay dushooda ku qaaday waajib ku ah in ay bixiyaan gargaar labada dhinac ee halista military, iskaashiga ammaanka iyo nabad. Intaa waxaa dheer, in ay la tashi ku saabsan arrimaha la xiriira danaha caamka ah. Laga soo bilaabo in la bilaabay in formation of a amarka guud ciidan midaysan.

CMEA

Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee USSR ee 1953-1964 GG. filayay gargaar oo baaxad weyn oo dalalka xerada hantiwadaagga ee dhismaha xarumaha warshadaha ee dhulkooda. Xarunta A muhiimka ah ee xiriirka noqday Council for Assistance Dhaqaalaha Mutual (CMEA). meelaha Sida muhiimka ah ee iskaashiga ahaayeen:

1. Coordination of qorshaha dhaqaalaha qaranka.
2. Ganacsiga.
3. xiriirka dhaqanka.
4. Iskaashiga berrinkii sayniska iyo farsamada.

By iskaashiga this markii danbe ku biiray by Cuba. . In sano ee 1958-1964, sida ay go'aanka CMEA ah, waxaa la dhisay dhuumaha "Druzhba" - ugu weyn dunida oo dhan. Oo dhererkeedu wuxuu ahaa in ka badan 4.5 kun. Km. In 1959-1962 GG. nidaamka tamarta guud ahaan waxaa la abuuray "Adduunka." Waxay lala network ee Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo dalalka hantiwadaagga ee Europe. Xaaladdan oo kale, inta badan kharashka la wareegay USSR. Hoggaanka Soviet sidoo kale isku dayay in uu wanaajiyo xiriirka ku wajahan Yugoslavia. In 1955, cadayn la saxiixay dhexeeya wakiillada dalalka ku, sida laga soo xigtay oo ah meelaha loo qoondeeyey ee iskaashiga dhexgalaan dhaqanka, dhaqaalaha iyo sayniska.

isku dhacyada

Features ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Soviet sannadaha 1953-1964. of goostay dabagalka hoggaanka Soviet in la dhiso hantiwadaagga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saamaynta ka mid ah "dhalaalid" keentay geedi socodkii dimuqraadiyadda iyo de-Stalinization in qaar ka mid ah wadamada huwanta. Bilaabay in ay u muuqdaan farqiga u dhexeeya dalalka. Waxay u badan ayaa la xiriira bixitaankii Midowga Soofiyeeti ka mabaadi'da aasaasay iyo in la furo ay faragelin ugu hayso arrimaha gudaha ee dalalka kale. Bartamihii bishii June 1953 ee East Berlin bilaabay ciyaaro ah midoobidda ee Germany. In xagaagii 1956 bannaanbaxyo lagu qabtay Poland. Halkan shaqaalaha tageen oo shaqo joojin, dalbanayaan markii la afgembiyey wadaag. Sidaas darteed, hoggaanka cusub ee dalka. Bishii Oktoobar 1956, kacdoonkii ah ka qarxay Hungary. Cadaadis ciidamada anti-hantiwadaagga ee hoggaanka gobolka dhawaaqay ka bixitaanka ATM ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, bilowgii November in ciidamada Soviet ayaa la soo bandhigay, taas oo cadaadis ku kacdoonkii Hungarian.

Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee USSR ee 1953-1964 GG. Waxaa tusay si go'an tahay hoggaan si ay u ilaaliyaan in dalalka of South-Bari iyo model dhexe ee Yurub ee hantiwadaagga.