Waa maxay natiijooyinka of War Boqol Sano ah (1337-1453)? Boqol Years War: marxaladaha iyo saamaynta

Maxay noqon karaan waxa ka xun dagaalka, marka danaha siyaasiyiin iyo xoogga boqolaal kun oo qof ayaa u dhinta agteena. Iyo colaadda ka sii daran dadka muddada dheer military, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo dadku bartaan in ay ku noolaadaan deegaan ay dhimasho gaadhi karaa wakhti kasta, iyo nolosha aadanaha ayaa waxtar lahayn. Kaasi waxa uu ahaa ka Boqol Years War, sababaha, marxaladaha, natiijooyinka iyo qoraayaashii jilayaasha taas oo mudan taxader leh uga fikirtaan.

sababaha

Ka hor inta waxbarasho, waxa ay ahaayeen natiijada War Boqol Sano ah, waa in ay fahmaan dhismaha ay. Waxaa oo dhan ku bilaabantay xaqiiqda ah in wiilashii King Faransiis ah Philip afraad ah ayaa tegey kii dhaxalka lahaa lab. Isla mar ahaantaana waxa uu ahaa nool awow hooyo gabadha Boqortooyada ee Isabella - Ingiriisi Korol Eduard Saddexaad, carshiga reer England yimid 1328 at da'da 16 sano. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isagu ma sheegan karto carshiga dalka France, sida ay Law Salic ah. Sidaas darteed, France boqor noqday guri ammaan ah Valois in qofka of Philip lixaad, oo ahayd adeer u ahaa Philip Afraad, iyo Edward Saddexaad ee 1331 ayaa lagu qasbay in ay u soo caabuday waayo Gascony - Gobolka Faransiis, loo arkaa hantida shakhsi oo ka mid ah ciqaab British.

Bilowgii Marxaladda koowaad ee dagaalka (1337-1360)

6 sano kadib dhacdooyinka tilmaamay Edward Saddexaad go'aansadeen in ay weli ku dagaalamo oo carshiga reer binu uu awoowe, iyo caqabad ku ah in Philip Sixth diray. Sayidka bilaabay Boqol Years War, sababaha iyo natiijooyinka kuwaas oo dan weyn u ah kuwa ka baran taariikhda Yurub. Ka dib markii lagu dhawaaqey dagaal, British ah weerar ku Picardy ah, taas oo ay taageerayaan dadka Flanders iyo gobollada koonfur-galbeed dhulgoosadka of France.

In ka sano ee ugu horeeya ka dib bilowgii dagaalka hubaysan, dagaalka la galay kala duwan guulo, ilaa in 1340, ma jirin dagaal ciidamada badda ee Sluis. Sidaas darteed of guusha ah ee Channel Ingiriisi ah ay gacanta ku hayaan ahaa, oo si ku sugnaa ilaa dhamaadka dagaalka. Sidaas darteed, xagaaga ee 1346, waxba laga hortagi karo ciidamada Edward Saddexaad in ay ka gudbaan cidhiidhi ah oo ay qabsadaan Caen. From waxaa jira, ciidanka Ingiriiska ayaa waxaa soo raaca Crécy, halkaasoo on 26 August, dagaal caanka ah, kuwaas oo ku dhamaaday guul, iyo in 1347 ay magaalada iyo Calais qabsaday. Mawqifkaa waxaa la dhacdooyinka ka mid ah ayaa soo fool talaabo military ee Scotland. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, nasiib sii waday in ay ilka in Edward Saddexaad, kuwaas oo ciidankiisii oo ka mid ah boqortooyada ee Battle of Neville ayaa Cross, iyo reebay hanjabaad dagaal ah oo ku saabsan laba arrimood.

faafa ee cudurku iyo gabagabo nabadda ee Bretigny

In 1346-1351 sano ee Europe booqday "Dhimashada Black." Tani cudurkii faafa ayaa galaaftey nolosha dad badan oo, waxaa ay noqon kartaa su'aal ma sii cadaawadda. highlight kaliya ee mudadaas, ballads sung, wuxuu noqday xumad iyo soddon, marka Ingiriisi iyo Knights Faransiis la hantilayaasha martigeliso xafiiltanka a mass, dusha by dhowr boqol oo beeraley. Ka dib dhammaadka cudurkii England u bilaabay hawlo military ay, kuwaas oo inta badan si toos ah Black Prince - ahaa curadkii Edward III. In 1356, ayuu ku guuleystay dagaalka ee Poitiers oo qabsaday Faransiis King John II. Later, ee 1360, ee Dauphin of France, kaas oo ahaa in uu noqdo Boqorka Charles shanaad ee, u saxiixay Peace-ka loo yaqaan ee Bretigny at xaaladaha aad u allifey.

Sayidka, natiijooyinka of War boqol oo sannadood ee ay wareega hore waxaa ku jiray sida soo socota:

• France ayaa waxaa si buuxda u niyad jabsan,
• England heleen kala bar Brittany, Aquitaine, Poitiers, Calais, iyo ku dhowaad nus ka mid ah hanti wiilkaagiiba cadowga ah, ie, John II badiyay xoog badan saddex meelood oo meel dhulkeeda;
• Eduard saddexaad waxay sameysay ay wakiil u gaar ah oo ka wakiil ah faracooda mar dambe jiifay sheegashada carshiga reer binu uu awoowe,
• ina labaad ee John II - Lyudovik Anzhuysky - ayaa loo diray London loogu haystey beddelkeeda soo laabtay si France aabbihiis.

nabadda u dhaxaysay sannadihii 1360 si ay u 1369

Ka dib markii la joojiyo colaadda, dadyowga dalalka ku lugta leh iskahorimaadka, helay nasasho socday 9 sano. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan, wuxuu ka England Lyudovik Anzhuysky, iyo aabbihiis carareen, isagoo geesigeeda a, run in ay eraygiisa, maxaabiis ahaan buu tegey iskaa wax u qabso, halkaas oo uu ku dhintay galay. uu dhintay ka dib, ayuu kor uguma carshiga dalka France, Charles V, kuwaas oo in 1369 been eedeeyay British ah ee ku xadgudbay heshiiska nabadda iyo dib u bilaabay howlgallo militari oo iyaga ka gees ah.

lugta labaad ee

Sida caadiga ah, kuwa ka barato horumarka iyo natiijada War ka Boqol Years ', waxa lagu gartaa bareeg waqtiga u dhexeeya 1369 iyo 1396 sano, sida taxane ah oo dagaalo joogto ah, taas oo marka lagu daro ka qaybgalayaasha ugu weyn ayaa sidoo kale ku lug lahaa boqortooyada Castile, Portugal iyo Scotland. Muddadan, waxaa jiray soo socda dhacdooyinka muhiim ah:

• ee 1370 ee Castile iyadoo la kaashanayo of Faransiis si xoog, Enrique II, kaasoo noqday ay xulafo aamin yimid;
• laba sano ka dib, ayuu la sii daayay in Poitiers;
• ee 1372 ee Battle of La Rochelle, raxan ah Franco-Blancos adkaaday koox dad ah ee la xoojiyey ee British,
• 4 sano dhintay Black Prince;
• ee 1377 Edward dhintay saddexaad, iyo carshiga dalka England, Richard labaad yar;
• ka 1392 at the King of France bilaabay in la arkay calaamadaha waalli;
• Afar sano ka dib heshiis xabbad joojin ah ayaa la soo gabagabeeyay, ka dhigay at horjeeda frazzled.

Xabad joojin (1396-1415)

Marka waallidii King Charles Sixth ahaa cad in ay qof kasta oo dalka ka bilaabay qoqobnaan, kaas oo xisbiga ku guuleystay Armagnac. Xaaladda jirin fiican England, galay dagaal cusub Scotland, taas oo ahayd in ay nabadeeyaan mucaaradka of Ireland iyo Wales. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa dejiyey Richard II, Henry IV oo meeshiisiina waxaa boqor carshiga, iyo wiilkiisa. Sayidka, ilaa 1415, labada dal waxay awoodi waayeen in ay sii wadaan dagaalka iyo ku jireen xaalad ah xabad hubaysan.

Wejiga saddexaad (1415-1428)

Kuwa bartaan koorsada iyo cawaaqibka War boqol oo sano, waxaa sida caadiga ah waa ay dhacdo ugu xiisaha loo yaqaan ah ee sida arrin taariikhi ah sida naag nin kaasoo laga yaabo in madaxa u ahaa ciidanka dalka Knights dhulgoosadka. Waxaan ka hadleynaa Joan of Arc, kaasoo ku dhashay 1412, on formation of shakhsiyadda waxa si wayn u saamayn horumarka ee 1415-1428 sano. sayniska Historical aragto muddo this, marxaladda saddexaad of War boqol oo sannadood, oo sida warbixinta kooban ee muhiimka ah ee dhacdooyinka soo socda:

• Battle of Agincourt ee 1415, taas oo ku guuleystay Henry ku Fifth ah;
• Saxiixa heshiiska ee Troyes, sida laga soo xigtay oo ka waalan Korol Karl VI sheegay inuu ahaa boqorkii dalka England bedelka;
• qabashada British of Paris ee 1421,
• dhimashada Henry ku shanaad, iyo dhawaaqay ee ay ina sano jir ah boqorka reer England iyo France,
• adkaaday hore Dauphin Charles, kuwaasoo qayb muhiim ah oo Faransiis ah loo tixgeliyaa boqorka xaqa, oo dagaalka ee cravant;
• Ingiriisi hareereeyo of Orleans, oo waxay bilaabeen in 1428, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo ugu horeeya dunida maqlay magaca Joan of Arc.

dhamaadka dagaalka (1428-1453)

City of Orleans lahaa muhiimadda istiraatiiji weyn. Haddii British ah u suurtagashay in ay u qabsadaan, jawaabta su'aasha ah "waa maxay natiijooyinka War ka Boqol Years '" ay noqon lahaayeen kuwa aad u kala duwan, iyo Faransiis xitaa waayi kartaa markii ay xorriyadda. Nasiib wanaag for dalka, waxaa loo waxyooday gabadha, yasid Jeanne Virgin. Iyadu waxay Charles Dauphin u yimid bishii March 1429 oo ku dhawaaqay in Rabbigu ku amray in ay madaxa ka mid ah Ciidamada Faransiiska oo taagan, iyo in la hareereeyo of Orleans kor. Ka dib markii taxane ah oo wareysiyo iyo imtixaanada Karl rumeysan yahay iyada oo loo magacaabay taliyaha ciidamada uu. Sidaas darteed, May 8 Orleans ayaa la soo badbaadiyay, 18 June, ciidanka adkaaday ciidankii reer Joan Ingiriisi ee Battle of Pathé, iyo June 29 at adkeysi ee bikradda ah ee Orleans bilaabay "Ololaha Majar" dauphin in Reims. Waxaa, uu caleemo saaray sida Charles todobaad ah, laakiin wakhti yar ka dib joojiyay inay dhegaystaan talo ah ee hubka.

Dhowr sanno ka dib, Jeanne ayaa lagu qabtay by Burgundians, kuwaas oo maray gabar Soomaali ah, iyo kuwa iyada la qisaasay oo lagu eedeeyay faasiqnimo iyo sanam caabudidda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, natiijooyinka of War ka Boqol Years 'ayaa natiijadeeda la ah, iyo xitaa dhimasho ee bikradda ah ee Orleans ma laga hortagi karo xoraynta ee France. dagaal Last in dagaalkan uu ahaa dagaal ee Castillon ee 1453, markii British lunsan Gascony iska leh iyaga in ka badan 250 sannadood.

Natiijada of War ka Boqol Years '(1337-1453)

Sidaas darteed of mezhdinasticheskogo dagaallada hubaysan ee muddada dheer England badiyay dhamaan dhulalka ay qaaradda ee France, kaliya dekedda leh ee Calais. Intaa waxaa dheer, in ay jawaab u su'aal ku saabsan waxa natiijada War ka Boqol Years ', oo duurka ku ah khubarada taariikh military oo ka jawaabi in ay sabab u, si qoto dheer bedelay hababka dagaalka, iyo sidoo kale hub cusub oo la abuuray.

Cawaaqib xumada of War ka Boqol Years '

Gaadhay hawada dagaalka hubaysan go'aamiyo xiriirka ee Britain iyo France qarnigii ka hor. Gaar ahaan, ilaa 1801 Ingiriiska, markaas ayaa ciqaab of Great Britain u dhashay horyaalka ee ay boqorradii dalka France, kaas oo gudaheedana sinaba uma ay ka qayb qaatay dhismaha xiriirka saaxiibtinimo.

Haddaba aad u ogaato goorta ahaa Boqol Years War, sababaha, dabcan, iyo natiijada ka mid ah sababaha ay watteen, kuwaas oo ku dhawaad 6 qarniyo ku xiran yihiin ee taariikhyahanadu badan.