Stalinization - geeddi-socodka ah de-Stalinization ...

Stalinization - waa hab ka mid ah tirtiridda nidaamka fikirka iyo siyaasadda, taas oo la aasaasay inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada I. V. Stalina, oo ay ku jiraan nidaam ee shakhsiyadda hogaamiyaha weyn ee. Waxa loo adeegsaday qoraallada reer galbeedka tan iyo 1960-kii ayaa. In article maanta waxaan eegi doonaa habka of de-Stalinization (sidii la uuraysatay, oo waxay soo qaadeen by Khrushchev), iyo sidoo kale cawaaqibka ay. Gebogebadii, waxaan kala hadli wareeg cusub oo siyaasadda this ee Ukraine iyo Russia.

Bilowgii de-Stalinization

Dooda badan arrintan ma bakhtido ilaa haatan. Dadka qaarkood waxay ka fiirsan in debunking ee shakhsiyadda Stalin ee waa in la sii waday, halka qaar kalena - yeedhay qalad siyaasad Khrushchev. Waxaa oo dhan waxay bilaabeen in 1953. daalim Hogaamiyaha dhintay, oo waxaa la nidaamkii hore. Si aad u awood si deg deg ah u yimid oo af badan oo muhim Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa waxbarashada lahayn, laakiin waxaa la gebi mowjadda by a dareen siyaasadeed la yaab leh. Waxa uu bilaabay jagooyinka ugu hooseeya ee xisbiga oo si fudud iyo jeerba isbedelka cusub. In 1956, at XX Congress of CPSU ah, waxaa la go'aamiyay in debunk cibaadada indha la 'ee shakhsiyadda Stalin ee. Sida laga soo xigtay taariikhyahan M. Gefter, caabiga taliskii jirey xitaa ka hor inta dhimashada hoggaamiyaha. CAQIIDADA ee clairvoyance Stalin ayaa hoos by guuldarro culus ee dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka. markii ugu horeysay ee nidaam shakhsiyadda ayaa lala xiriiriyay Beria. Laakiin si tartiib tartiib ah u bilaabay bulshada rasmi ah de-Stalinization.

"Warbixinta Secret" Khrushchev

XX Congress of CPSU ee 1436 ururiyey ergooyinka. Waxa uu ku baaqay in siddeed bilood ka hor inta uusan xirmin suuqa, maxaa yeelay baahida loo qabo in dib loo eego heerka ka dib dhimashadii Stalin. Oo waxay ku dhamaatay si loogu yeero "warbixin qarsoodi ah" ee Khrushchev. Xooga waxaa la siiyey warbixin ka helay by Pospelov Guddiga oo ku saabsan cadaadis. Sida laga soo xigtay Khrushchev, 70% ka mid ah musharixiinta golaha dhexe la soo doortay ee Congress XVII ah, intii fallaadh la ganay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Khrushchev sheegay in de-Stalinization - tani ma aha burburinta aasaaska bulsho hantiwadaag iyo tirtiridda nidaam waxyeello. Warshadaha, collectivization oo waxay dagaal adag kula Mucaaradku waxay arko Dhacdooyin loo baahan yahay in horumarinta Midowga Soofiyeeti dowlad xoog leh. cadaadis ayaa waxaa si shaqsi ah Oogay Stalin iyo casaabadiisa ku. Khrushchev ma aqoonsana in asal ahaan dhibaatooyinka been ma shakhsiyadda hoggaamiyihii, laakiin nidaamka laftiisa.

Cawaaqibta dalka

"Warbixinta Secret" Khrushchev aan la daabacay, oo waxaa lagu akhriyey oo kaliya kulamada shaqaalaha xisbiga la comments ku haboon. Stalin garan waayeen xun buuxda. Intii uu xukunka, "uusan waxba iska badalin dabiiciga ah ee" hantiwadaagga dhabta ah. Society weli dhaqaaqin waddada saxda ah, in uu yahay, si wadaag. horumar xun ayaa ku dhawaaqay in ay dadaalka ka mid ah madaxda xisbiga shuuciga mahad rukumo. Sidaas dhow waxaa la saaro masuuliyadda ah taageerayaasha Stalin ee. Waxay ku hadhay ee jagooyinka muhiimka ah. Guud ahaan, "warbixin qarsoodi ah" Khrushchev:

• Waxa uu bedelay cilmi nafsiga dadka Soviet,
• kala jabeen dhaqdhaqaaqa communist dunida;
• caddeymo ah itaaldarrada USSR in ay West ah.

Stalinization: muddada u dhaxaysa 1953 in 1964god

In bulshada ka mid ah dabeecadaha kala duwan siyaasadda cusub. Waxay bilaabeen ka duwan af u dhexeeya Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo West ah. Bal aan ka bilowno tan iyo bilowgii. In 1953, Stalin dhintay. In ka badan sanadka soo socda oo magiciisa iyo image waxaa si joogto ah looga hadlay at hadalkiisu hoggaanka xisbiga. Ka dib markii ay "warbixin qarsoodi ah" ayuu ku bilaabay siyaasadda rasmiga ah ee de-Stalinization. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in bulsho waxaa jiray wax badan oo fikrado kala duwan oo ka mid ah hore ee Xoghayaha Guud ee. Carter Center ee shakhsiyadda Stalin ee sida calaamad u ah marxalad ah waxya dagaal ismiidaamin ah. Qaar badan oo aadan fahmin sababta Khrushchev bilaabeen inay codkooda ka dhiibtaan aaraadooda ku saabsan cadaadis kaliya ee geerida hoggaamiyaha weyn ka dib. In marxaladda ugu horeysa ee de-Stalinization - waxaa ugu horayn waa kala soocan ee nidaamka gacanta. Maamulka Jamhuuriga la siiyey in ka badan 10 kun oo ganacsi. Golayaasha dhaqaale - Sida laga soo xigtay Sharciga ee 1957 ka badan qarni ka mid ah gobollada dhaqaale la meydadka maamulka wadajir abuuray. Baahinta arrin togan wuxuu ahaa hirka in dadaallada degaanka. Taban - yaraynta horumarka farsamada. Nidaamka Soviet badiyay awood u leh inay diirada lacag horumarka. baahinta halkii 1961.

XXII Congress of CPSU ah

Dambe habeenkii, October 31, 1961 Red Square ayaa lagu xidhay. Dadka lagu dhawaaqay in lagu qabtay tababarasho ah dabaaldega on 7 November. Laakiin dhab ahaantii, fuliyo go'aanada XXII Congress ee xisbiga shuuciga ah ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. Magac ahaan, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in Stalin ka Gorod ka dhigi jiray. Qof kasta oo la fahamsan yahay in sida ficil keeni kara in xasillooni. Waayo, qaar badan oo de-Stalinization - taasi waa kaliya ay dhacdo. Waxaa ka mid ahaynba waxay ahaayeen badan oo askari. bulshada degaanka bilaabay inuu sabab la'aan gooyay taxadiri hogaamiyaha weyn. Dadku waxay ku kaftamay in Khrushchev kor u siidaysay bannaan ee Gorod ee soo socota si ay Lenin naftooda. In 1961, magaalooyin badan ayaa la baxshay.

In Ukraine

Stalinization - siyaasad oo si weyn u saameeyay xaaladda sii buurayn ee Yukreeniyaan ah. Muddadan, waxa uu ahaa xilli laga joojiyo lacagtii ka dhanka dareenka wadaninimo ayaa Kobocii habka of Russification iyo doorka sii kordhaya ee factor Ukraine dhammaan dhinacyada. Si post ee xoghayaha koowaad ee Golaha Dhexe ee xisbiga shuuciga ee loo doortay Kirichenko. jagooyinka Maamul bilaabay inuu qaato xididka Ukraine. In 1954 USSR lagu wareejiyey Crimea. Go'aankan ayaa waxaa dhiirogelin u dhawaanshaha dhul iyo ganacsatada. Dhibaatadu waxay ahayd ka kooban qowmiyadaha dadweynaha. Ukraine lagu tiriyaa kaliya 13.7%. daqiiqad wanaagsan ee habka de-Stalinization ahaa ballaarinta xuquuqda ka mid ah Jamhuuriyadda Union. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, siyaabo badan ayaa keenay muran badan oo bulshada.