Tallaalka cudurka pneumococcal carruurta, oo dareen-celin iyo jawaab-celinta

Sida laga soo xigtay WHO, PNEUMOKOCKER inta badan noqdaan wakiilada ee cudurrada bakteeriyada in aadanuhu. Maanta, tirakoobka waa in u shaqeeyo waa sababta dhimashada 1.2 milyan. Dadka sanadka oo dhan. Of tirada this dadka in ka badan 40% ay yihiin carruur ka yar 5 sano jir. Of wax-u ah pneumonia bulshada helay, tirada taas oo mid ka mid ah Ruush iyo badh million sanad ka ah, ilaa 75% ee kiisaska dadka waaweyn bilaabo sheyga, kuwaas oo - PNEUMOKOCKER. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo carruurta ee koox da 'ah ilaa 5 sano, waxaa jira boqolkiiba ka qayb qaadashada habraaca ku PNEUMOKOCKER gaadho 90.

Dhammaan carruurtu hesho otitis la buka, heerar kala duwan ee darnaanta. Qiyaastii 30-35% ee dhammaan xaalado kasta oo otitis media ba'an ee bukaanka dhallinyarada ah waxaa lagu bilaabay by PNEUMOKOCKER. cuduradan waxaa lagu gartaa ay socodka khatarta sare leh jaaniska sare ee daloolin ee durbaanka. Inta badan waxaad maqli kartaa khubaro ah oo ku saabsan horumarinta orthogene dhibaatooyin intracranial, in laga takhaluso oo waa in la fuliyaa tympanostomy inta badan ku filan. Geedi socodka waa faragelinta qalliin in dhaqancelinta ee saabka dhegta dhexe iyo dib u soo celinta booska oo ka mid ah lafaha dhegta dhexe.

Tallaalka cudurka pneumococcal ee dadka waaweyn iyo caruurta si weyn u hagaajin kartaa xaaladda la dhacdooyinka bilaabaha this.

Cudurka Pneumococcal: waa kuma kan?

Streptococcus pneumoniae waa mid ka mid ah qaybaha microflora caadiga ah ee nidaamka sare ee neefsashada qofka caafimaad. Ilaa 70% dadka - ay taageerto mid ama ka badan noocyada kala duwan ee noole. Ka mid ah carruurta, heerka ka 'xaafadda' uu ka badan yahay dadka waaweyn. Heerka ugu badan ee qaadee ah kuwa ku nool, iyo shaqo ee kooxaha (dugsiga ka hor iyo hay'adaha waxbarashada, kooxaha ka shaqeeya, iwm).

u shaqeeyo Tani waxay ka kooban yahay kaabsal polysaccharide in uu awoodo si loo xakameeyo horumarinta difaac ee carruurta ka yar 2 sano ah. Maanta, sayniska ogyahay oo ku saabsan jiritaanka 84 nooc hoosaad pneumococcus. Iyadoo horumarinta Zaman ee antibiotics waa wax aan dhib lahayn microbe Streptococcus pneumoniae uu noqday a sheyga si caddaalad ah dagaal u adkaysata daawooyinka antibiotics bulk dhaqanka. Heerka caabiga penicillin hadda qiyaastii waa 50%, si chloramphenicol iyo tetracycline - 30%. Tan iyo markii kooxda penicillin of antibiotics waa balaadhan oo ku filan, ka dibna waxay ma noqon doonto wax ku ool ah ee cudurka u shaqeeyo sida pneumococcus. Tallaalka in kiisaska noocaas ah - sida kaliya ee ay ku guuleysato la khasaaraha yar ee dagaalka ka dhanka ah noole this. Waxaa xusid mudan in cudurka sida caadiga ah uu yeesho arrin deg deg ah (sida caadiga ah wax ka badan 3 maalmood), iyo waqtiga in la sameeyo cilmi-baaris ku saabsan qeexidda heerka uu dareen in qaar ka mid ah antibiotics aan meesha joogin.

Haddaba su'aasha caabiga pneumococcal antibiotics sii muhiim ah, waxaa dhibaato iyo aad u badan oo degdeg ah.

Waa maxay tallaalada waxaa loo isticmaalaa?

Currently, Russia isticmaalaa laba nooc oo tallaalka hab sida tallaalka cudurka pneumococcal: polysaccharide iyo conjugated in daawooyinka protein.

Kooxdu waxay ugu horeysay (polysaccharide) waa tallaal wanaagsan ee loo yaqaan pneumo-23 (sanofipaster). Xalku waa isku dar ah ee 23 ka mid ah polysaccharide la Daahiriyey ka serotypes lacagta la mid ah. Kooxdaan serotypes si ammaan saarin karaa 90% go'doomiyo ka dhiigga, iyo tirada ugu badan ee nooc aqoonsaday dalka reer Russia. Haddaba marxalad diiwaangelinta waa tallaal kale oo la mid ah - ". Pneumovax-23"

Laga soo bilaabo qaab tallaal conjugated in Russia waxaa si rasmi ah diiwaangashan iyo hadda waa in la isticmaalo "Prevenar 7". Toddoba serotypes ka mid ahaa in ay ka kooban, marka la isku daro 87% go'doomiyo pneumococcal ayaa carruurta jiran ka Maraykanka iyo dalal kale oo gaar ah. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in sawir serotipovaya in Mareykanka iyo Russia ficil ahaan waa isku mid, waxaan u qaadan karnaa in "Prevenar 7" sidoo kale jiri doona wax ku ool ah Ruushka, iyo sidoo kale in Mareykanka.

kala duwan ee da'da tallaalka pneumococcus

"Pneumo-23" tallaalka waxaa maamula hal mar subcutant ama intramuscularly. waa la tallaali karaa laga bilaabo da'da 2-hletnego, qiyaasta - 0.5 ml. Dib-u-tallaalka la fulin karo ma hore ka badan 3 sano ka dib markii la isku duro ee la soo dhaafay ka dib markii.

Tallaalka cudurka pneumococcal carruurta la isticmaalayo "Prevenar 7" waa u suurtoobaan da'da 2-hmesyachnogo. Tallaalka waxaa lagu fuliyaa ee isku midka ah la DTP (ee 3-da heer). Revaccination laga yaabaa in loo sameeyay in ilmaha ay da'doodu u dhaxayso 1.5 sano. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, noocan ah ee tallaalka, waxaa jira dhowr xaaladood tallaalka. Waxaa jira macluumaad ku saabsan waxtarka badan ee talaalka 2 marxaladood (badhkiis-sano 2aad gudahood), waxaana ku xiga suunka. Sidoo kale laga heli karaa iyadoo qorshaha tallaalka ee 2 marxaladood inta lagu guda jiro sanadka labaad ee nolosha, iyo mar muddo 2 ilaa 5 sano.

Heerka tallaalka polysaccharide ilaalinta

oggolyahay in ka hortaga pneumonia High tusay tallaalka cudurka pneumococcal. Reviews maamulka tirakoobka ku saabsan 80 ilaalin boqolkiiba odhan. Khubarada-epidemiologists talinaynaa tallaalka dadka "pneumo-23" ay da'doodu u dhaxayso 18 ilaa 21 sano oo ururo waaweyn iyo kooxaha (sida qaybaha military). Ka dib markii muddo waqti go'an (2 ilaa 5 bilood) ka dib tallaalka ka filan karto hoos u dhac in dhacdooyinka caabuqyada ba'an ee neef-mareenka ee qadar ka badan 2-laab, boronkiitada - ilaa 13 jeer, pneumonia - aan ka yarayn 6 jeer. In pneumonia adag, meningitis iyo noocyada kale ee safafka boqolkiiba oolnimada cudurka bakteeriyada pneumococcal ka 56 si ay u 81.

Heerka waxtarka hab sida tallaalka pneumococcus, saameeyaa da'da vaccinees. In kor ugu da'da 55 sano, tiradaasi waxay ahayd 93%, ka 55 ilaa 64 sano ku oolnimada hoos u 88%. Heerka ilaalinta pneumococcus ee da'doodu ka 65 sano ilaa 74 - 80%, in ka badan 75 sano - 67%.

Waayo, bukaan qaba cudurada wadnaha iyo broncho-pulmonary, heerka ilaalinta tallaalka polysaccharide (gaar ahaan "pneumo-23") waa qiyaastii 69% (sida in aadanuhu caafimaad). Muuji Heer sare ah ee hufnaanta tallaalka noocan oo kale ah marka loo isticmaalo in kooxaha carruurta. waxqabadka wanaagsan muujinaysaa "pneumo-23" isku dhafan oo tallaalada infalawansada.

Ku saabsan tallaalka kale lagu daro in Ruush - "Pneumovax-23" - la odhan karaa in ay oggolyahay dadka qaba sonkorowga waa 84%, iyadoo ischemia - 73%. Bukaanka qaba dhaawacyo ka soo wadnaha oo shaqadiisa gaba, boqolkiiba tani waa 69, iyada oo sambabada dhibaataysan oo neefta - 65 dadka da'da 65 sano waxtarka daawada waxay u egtahay in ay 75% ka.

Heerka tallaalka conjugate ilaalinta

Iyadoo la isticmaalayo conjugate tallaalka tallaalka cudurka pneumococcal ee carruurta muujiyeen Heer sare ah ee hufnaanta. Si weyn u dhimay ma aha oo kaliya tirada ogolaanshaha isbitaalka carruurta la pneumonia asal kasta, laakiin sidoo kale inta booqasho bukaan socodka dhakhtarka. Si weyn u soo hagaagtay xaaladda silica meningitis pneumococcal.

PNEUMOKOCKER waa si caddaalad ah u adkaysata penicillin. "Prevenar-23" waa awoodaa inuu difaaco nooc la xasiloonida dhexe iyo sare waa 80-100%. Intaa waxaa dheer, tallaalkan la oolnimada sare weheliso qayb ka mid ah hargabka.

Sida laga soo xigtay Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka, isticmaalka tallaalka conjugate for nidaam sida tallaalka cudurka pneumococcal ee carruurta (oo dhan oo ku nool 72 dalalka soo koraya oo adduunka ah), ayaa ka hortagi kara ilaa 407.000 dhimasho sannad kasta.

reactions suurto gal ah in tallaalka

Tallaalka ku takhasusay cudurka pneumococcal waxaa loo ogol yahay in ay sameeyaan waqti kasta oo sannadka ah oo ay weheliso wax tallaal ah (marka laga reebo la sameeyo oo keliya BCG). On maamulka ee labada nooc ee tallaalka jawaab qaar suurto gal PNEUMOKOCKER ka jidhka bini'aadamka. On the "pneumo-23" ee bukaanka shaqsi dhici kara falgalo gudaha ah ee foomka of guduudasho, xanuun. Xooggii uu falcelinta inta badan waa mid daciif ah oo socon karaa ilaa 48 saacadood. Tallaalka ilmaha pneumococcal (dib u eegista ah ee shaqaalaha caafimaadka iyo waalidiinta ku heshiiyeen marayso) mararka qaarkood (ma aha inta badan) waxay keeni kartaa finan, xanuun ku jira laabatooyinka ee.

Waxaa jira kiisas dadka qaba purpura thrombocytopenic idiopathic (wajiga xasilloon) mudo ah 2 ilaa 14 maalmood ka dib, heer horumarsan kor u kordhin ilaa 2 todobaad. Waa dhif iyo naadir in la maqlo ku saabsan dalalka anaphylactic.

Tallaalka "Prevenar" waxa lagu gartaa tolerability carruurta wanaagsan ee. Tallaalka a noocan oo kale ah ka gees ah dhibaatooyinka cudurka pneumococcal (waxaan ka hadleynaa wax dhibaato halis ah), sida caadiga ah, ma keeno. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marar badan muujiyey sida cadaanyo degaanka caro, hurdo xumo, guduudasho kooban iyo barar, korodhka ee heerkulka jidhka inay 38 tirada C. A yar oo carruur ah (5%), heerkulka sara kaco kor 39˚ C.

Ma jiraan wax sababo in tallaalka pneumococcus?

Kasta oo sababo guud ama gaar ah si tallaalka ma aha, waayo, wax kasta oo ka mid ah tallaalka, marka laga reebo in dareen in cudurka tallaalka pneumococcal wakhtiga hore. Waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah talooyin ku saabsan isticmaalka immunology "pneumo-23" ma aha wax ka yar 10 maalmood ka hor dabcan ka mid ah therapy jirka bilaabmaa. Dhicitaanka in la raaco tilmaamaha kor laga yaabaa in hoos u dhac in heerarka antibody.

Tallaalka shaqaalaha caafimaadka dumarka uurka leh loo ogol yahay oo kaliya on bilood ee la soo dhaafay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii lagama maarmaan, waxaa lagu talinayaa in ay ka fogaadaan nidaamka this.

Haddaba jiritaan cudurkan pneumococcal: koox ka mid ah khatarta

Baxsi ah nidaam sida tallaalka cudurka pneumococcal? dhibaatooyinka kooxaha qaar ka mid ah dadka waxay keeni kartaa in ka badan iyada dhaqanka. Khubarada ku talinaynaa dadka daruuri tallaalay da'doodu ka weyn tahay 65. Wadamada qaarkood horumariyo, tallaalka ah da'da this inay ku darajo wayn ee nidaamka khasab ah.

waa la tallaali kulanka pneumococcal wiiqay, Afguduud oo ku xiran isbitaal ka mid ah dadka qaba sonkorowga, boronkiito daran, deficiency in dhaqdhaqaaqa wadnaha iyo neefsashada, hawlaha beerka.

Ma u baahan tahay tallaalo pneumococcus (dib u eegista ambalaasta - caddeyn ah) dadka qaba difaaca jirkooda uu daciif. Halkan bukaanada halista lahaa qaliin lagu sameeyay, waayo, ka saarida ee beeryarada, ka cabanaya syndrome nephrotic, anemia sickle cell-. Sidoo kale, kooxda waxaa ka mid ah dadka la soo dusaya dareeraha laf-dhabarta.

Iyo, dabcan, ha iloobin qarniga sii kordhaya. Talaalidda talinayaa carruurta Afguduud (oo ay ku jiraan dadka qaba cudurka qaaxada), yimaada kooxaha waaweyn (xanaanada, xanaanada, dugsiga). C. podiatrists da'da 2-hletnego talin in la is tallaalo bukaanka dhallinyarada qaba liquorrhea, asplenic, deficiency qaybaha complement ka soo gudubtay nidaamka maqaar-galaha cochlear.

Tallaalka cudurka pneumococcal ee caruurta si weyn hoos ugu dhigi kartaa xoogga cudurka iyo in la yareeyo dhimashada ka noole this laga cabsado.

Sida ay xirfadlayaasha caafimaadka, bukaanka, waalidka

takhaatiirta Opinion, xirfadlayaasha caafimaadka ee beeraha badan oo kale oo ah dawada on su'aashan cad - tallaalka cudurka pneumococcal (sida dib u eegista ku saabsan oo dhinac ee townsfolk caadiga ah waa kuwo maqlana) - waxaa loo baahan yahay. Dhakhaatiirta ka fiirsan habkan of ilaalinta ugu waxtarka badan ee dagaalka ka dhanka ah cudurada mass eray aad u kala duwan. Waxaa had iyo jeer ka fudud oo ka kharash yar si looga hortago cudurka ka badan in ay qaataan daawada (in ka badan hal, iyo sida caadiga ah dhowr ama ugu inoffensive) si ay u maareeyaan iyo caabuqa ugu iyo cawaaqibka iyo dhibaatooyinka.

Ka mid ah waalidiinta carruurta talooyinka xoog on tallaalka pneumococcus aan had iyo jeer resonate. Nin fudud, ma dhakhtar, warbaahinta mahad "hubaal waa ogyahay" in nooc ka mid ah bakteeriyada pneumokocker badan yihiin, iyo in tallaalka ilaalin doona ilmaha, taasoo lagu taliyey by dhakhaatiirta - su'aasha weyn. Inkasta oo tirada ugu badan ee waalidiinta weli u muuqdaan in ay dhegaystaan aragtida takhasus leh iyo mari tallaalka.

Muddo markii la joogaba aad u maqli karo tallaalka in cudurka pneumococcal, dhibaatooyin ah oo ka kooban in kor heerkulka ma ahayn wax ku ool ah - ilmaha weli jiran yahay. Xaaladaha noocaas ah waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay bixiyaan si ay xoogga cudurka dareenka. Haddii ilmuhu qufac, oo wuxuu lahaa oo heerkulka a ilaa 38 darajo, oo isagu wuu bukay oo 7 maalmood ah - taasi waa la fahmi karo. tallaalka cawaaqib noqon karaa mid aad u xun, boronkiitada, oof-wareen, isbitaal aan, dawooyin badan oo ma aha kuwa ugu fudud, iyo ugu yaraan 21 maalmood oo dawada ah.

Gebogebadii

Cudurka Pneumococcal keenaysaa adduunka oo dhan ee horumarka ah ee cudurada neefsashada ba'an, cudurka sambabada obstructive, iwm Markaasaa maanta, in da'da teknoolojiyad sare casriga ah, heerka dhimashada ee ka noole this waa heer sare ah oo ku filan. Sidaa darteed, qayb ka mid ah tallaalka waalidka ilmaha pneumococcus (feedback - ma nooca macluumaadka waa in lagu hanuuniyey in kiisaska noocaas ah) - tani waa fursad ay ilmaheeda ilaaliyaan, si looga hortago in horumarinta cudurro halis ah ka yar fog-soo kaxeeyey, ha laftiisa hoos haysan wax caddayn, dhisaalan.