Teleportation Quantum: daahfurtay weyn ee physicists

teleportation Quantum waa mid ka mid ah hab maamuuska ugu muhiimsan ee macluumaadka galmada. Iyada oo ku saleysan kheyraadka muuqda ee qasnaanta, waa element ugu weyn ee hawlaha macluumaad kala duwan oo ka dhigan qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah farsamooyinka galmada ciyaaro door muhiim ah horumarinta dheeraad ah oo Kombuyuutarada galmada, isku xirka iyo isgaarsiinta.

Laga soo bilaabo sheekooyin sayniska si ay u daahfurtay sayniska

Waxa uu ahaa in ka badan labaatan sanno tan iyo helitaanka teleportation galmada, kuwaas oo u badan tahay waa mid ka mid ah cawaaqib ugu xiisaha badan oo xiiso of "qariibnimo" ee makaanikada galmada. Ka hor inta mid ah ayaa daahfurtay in sameeyey weyn, fikrad this iska lahaa boqortooyada sheekooyin sayniska. First abuurtay in 1931 by dheer Charles H. Fort "teleportation" ayaa tan iyo markii loo isticmaalay in lagu qeexo habka by kaas oo jidhka iyo walxaha waxaa lagu soo wareejiyay meel kale, waxaa runtii ma ka gudbaan masaafada u dhexeeya iyaga.

In 1993 wuxuu daabacay maqaal ku tilmaamay hab maamuuska macluumaadka galmada, loo yaqaan "teleportation galmada", kuwaas oo la wadaago qaar ka mid ah calaamadaha kor ku qoran. Waxaa gobolka oo aan la garanayn nidaamka jirka ah waxaa lagu cabbiraa oo markii dambe soo saari, ama "dib-u-socday" in goobta fog (waxyaalaha jirka nidaamka asalka ah oo weli ku jira kala iibsiga meel). Habkan wuxuu farayaa in habka classical ee isgaarsiinta iyo meesha isgaarsiinta superluminal. Waxay u baahan tahay nolol wareer. Dhab ahaantii, teleportation waxaa laga daawan karaa sida maamuuska macluumaadka galmada in inta badan si cad u muujinaysaa dabiiciga ah ee jahawareerka, oo aan jiritaanka xaalad kala iibsiga ma noqon doono in qaabka guud ee sharciyada qeexaya Farsamoyaqaan galmada ah.

Teleportation ayaa door firfircoon ka ciyaaray horumarinta sayniska macluumaadka. Dhinaca mid, tani waa hab maamuuska fikradeed, taas oo door muhiim ah horumarinta rasmi ah galmada macluumaad aragti, iyo dhinaca kale ah waa qayb asaasi ah teknoolajiyada badan. repeater The galmada - element a muhiimka ah ee isgaarsiinta long-distance. daaro galmada Teleportation, xisaabinta ku saleysan cabbir iyo network galmada - yihiin oo dhan taagayo oo dhanba. Waxa loo isticmaalaa sidii aalad fudud waxbarasho ee "xad-dhaaf ah" of physics, on gooladaha iyo uumi ku meel gaar ah oo godad madow.

Maanta teleportation galmada xaqiijiyay in laboratories adduunka oo isticmaalaya noocyo kala duwan oo muhashada iyo teknoolajiyada, oo ay ku jiraan qubits photonic, resonance magnetic nuclear, hababka indhaha, kooxo atamka, ka atamka baxsi iyo nidaamyada Semiconductor. Natiijooyinka fiican ayaa laga gaarey in tijaabo soo socda kala duwan teleportation la satalayt. Waxaa intaa dheer, isku day ayaa la sameeyey si ay kor u qaaddo in ay nidaamyo adag.

teleportation of qubits

Quantum teleportation markii ugu horaysay la tilmaamay ee nidaamyada laba heer, ka qubits-ka loo yaqaan. Protocol ka fiirsaneysa inay labada dhinac fog, loo yaqaan Alice iyo Bob, oo wadaaga qubit 2, A iyo B ku jiraan xaalad saafi murgiyey, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan labada nin Bell. Oo iridda si Alice siiyey qubit iyo Cidday u ρ xaalad aan la garanayn kale. Waxaa markaas u qabata cabiraada si wadajir ah galmada, u yeedhay helitaanka Bell. Wuxuu xambaarsan iyo A mid ka mid ah afar dalalka Bell. Sidaas darteed, gobolka talooyin ah ee qubit marka qiyaasay Alice baaba'aa iyo Bob B isku mar la saadaaliyey qubit on P ^† _k ρP _k. In hab maamuuska ee la soo dhaafay tallaabo Alice gudbiya natiijo classical ay cabbirka Bob, codsada Pauli P operator _k si loo soo celiyo ρ asalka ah.

Dawladdu waxay hore ee qubit a Alice waxaa loo tixgeliyaa qarsoodi ah, sababtoo ah haddii kale hab maamuuska waa la dhimay si ay cabbirka fog. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa laftiisa oo qayb ka ah nidaamka weyn farcan, lala wadaago cid saddexaad waxaa laga yaabaa (in ay taasi dhacdo teleportation guul oo dhan waxay u baahan tahay Kol loo maqli karo xisbi saddexaad).

Tijaabada A caadiga ah ee teleportation galmada qaadataa gobolka asalka saafi ah oo ay leeyihiin xuruuf xaddidan, tusaale ahaan, lix ulo ka howgala Bloch ah. In joogitaanka tayada decoherence ee gobolka dib lagu sheegi karaa tiro sax ah ∈ teleportation F [0, 1]. Tani waxay sax u dhexeeya dalalka ee Alice iyo Bob, celcelis ahaan in ka badan dhammaan natiijooyinka la ogaado oo ka mid ah Bell iyo alifbeetada asalka ah. Waayo, qiimaha yar oo sax ah hababka jira, jidaynayey for teleportation xasilooneyn oo aan khayraadka sir ah. Tusaale ahaan, Alice si toos ah loo cabbiro laga yaabaa in ay gobolka asalka by Bob soo diyaarinta dawladda sababtay diraya. istaraatijiyad cabbirka-Tababarkan waxaa loo yaqaan "teleportation classical." Waxay leedahay sax ah ugu badan ee _fasalka F = 2/3 gobolka talooyin wax, Horeeyaan u dhigma xaaladaha labada eex sida gudbikaraa Bloch lixda ulaha.

Sayidka, tilmaan cad oo ka faa'iideysiga kheyraadkiisa galmada waa F qiimo sax ah> _{fasalka F.}

Ma hal qubit a

Sida laga soo xigtay physics galmada, teleportation of qubits aan ku xaddidnayn, waxa ka mid noqon kara nidaamka multi-cabbir ah. Waayo, uguna kasta d loo diyaariyey kartaa teleportation nidaamka ku haboon isticmaalaya sal maximally fallaadhaha murgiyey gobolka kaas oo laga heli karaa gobol siiyey maximally murgaan oo ah saldhig {U _k} wadayaasha dhexe dherginaya ^{_{TR (U † j U k)}} = j dδ, k . maamuuska noocan oo kale ah laga dhisi kartaa wax uguna-Hilbert r meel N.. nidaamyada variable Discrete.

Intaas waxaa sii dheer, teleportation galmada ka codsan kartaa in nidaamka la meel aan la koobi karayn Hilbert, loo yaqaan nidaamka joogto ah-variable. Sida caadiga ah, ay xaqiiqsadeen in ay qaabab boson indhaha, duurka oo korontada ah oo lagu tilmaami karo ka shaqeeya quadrature.

Speed iyo walaac mabda '

Waa maxay xawaaraha teleportation galmada? Macluumaadka waxaa lagu kala qaado xawaare la mid ah xawaaraha gudbinta tiro la mid ah classic - waxaana suurto gal la xawaaraha iftiinka. Fikrad ahaan, waxaa sidaas loo isticmaali karaa, sida classical ma karo - tusaale ahaan, in Kombuyuutarada galmada, halkaas oo xogta waxaa laga heli karaa oo kaliya in ay qaataha.

teleportation galmada ma xad Mabda'a Lama hubo ah? In la soo dhaafay, fikradda ah teleportation aan runtii si dhab ah loo by culimada, sababtoo ah waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ay ku xad mabda'a mamnuucaya qiyaaseed ama iskaanka habka wax soo saaro oo dhan la eb macluumaadka ama shay kale. Iyadoo la tixraacayo mabda'a la hubin, shayga more sax ah la marsiiyey, ayaa in ka badan, waxaa saamayn ku habka iskaanka ilaa dhibic la gaaro marka gobolka asalka ah ee shayga ugu rabshaysan tahay in ay sida xad in dheeraad ah aan la macluumaad ku filan si ay u abuuraan replica ah laga heli karaa. Waxay arrintu u muuqataa qanci: haddii qofka warbixin aan soo saaro karo shayga si loo abuuro nuqul kaamil ah, ugu dambaysta ma la samayn karaa.

Quantum Teleportation for Kadaabad

Laakiinse lix saynisyahano (Charles Bennett, Zhil Brassar, Claude Crépeau, Richard Dzhosa, Aasheer Peres, oo Uilyam Vuters) laga helay hab agagaarka macquulka this, iyadoo la isticmaalayo feature damaashaaday iyo wada socda ee makaanikada galmada loo yaqaan Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen. Waxay helay hab lagu baarayo macluumaadka teleported wax A ah, iyo qayb ka hartay tijaabinaya via saamaynta kala iibsiga waxyaabaha kale ee xiriir la A marnaba waari.

Ka dibna, by codsanaya in suntu C macluumaad ku tiirsan iskaan loo gelin karaa galay gobolka A si ay dhexaadka ah. Oo aan ku jiro xaalad la mid ah sida habka iskaanka beddeli, sidaas gaari waa teleportation, ma taranka.

Halganka loogu jiro kala duwan ee

• The teleportation horeysay galmada ka dhacay 1997, ku dhowaad mar by saynisyahano oo ka tirsan jaamacadda Innsbruck iyo University of Rome. Inta lagu guda jiro tijaabo ah isha photon ah isagoo kala fogaansho ah, oo mid ka mid ah labo ka mid ah photons murgiyey la bedelay si ay photon labaad kala fogaansho asalka helay. Thus labada photons waxaa kullan midba midka kale ka.
• In 2012, teleportation caadiga galmada (University Shiinaha of Science iyo Technology) iyada oo u gudubno, Alpine ka fogaan ah 97 km. Koox Seynis yahanno ka Shanghai hogaaminayo Juan Iinem maamula si ay u horumariyaan qaab muujinaya in loo ogol yahay ku jirase aad si hufan la doonayey.
• Bishii September, a teleportation galmada record on 143 km ayaa la fuliyay isla sanadkaas. saynisyahano Austria ka soo Academy of Sciences ee Austria iyo University of Vienna hoos jihada of Antona Tsaylingera ayaa si guul ah lagu kala qaado galmada dalalka u dhexeeya labada Canary Islands of La Palma iyo Tenerife. Tijaabada isticmaalo laba xadhig isgaarsiinta indhaha ee furan, kvantumnaya iyo classical, inta jeer kala fogaansho uncorrelated murugsan joog oo ilo photons, sverhnizkoshumnye qalabka-hal photon .Wadashaqayntaas iyo saacad xajin.
• In 2015, cilmi-ka Machadka US National of Standards iyo Technology markii ugu horeysay ka dhigay kala iibsiga ee macluumaad ka badan ka fog oo ah in ka badan 100 km oo ah fiber indhaha. Waxaa suurto gal ah in machadka abuuray qalabka photon mahad isticmaalaya nanowires superconducting of silicide molybdenum.

Waxaa cad in haboon ee nidaamka galmada ama technology uusan weli ka jiraan iyo daahfurtay weyn ee mustaqbalka weli waa inay yimaadaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaan isku dayi karaa in la ogaado musharaxiinta suuragal ah in codsiyada gaarka ah ee teleportation. hybridization ku haboon iyaga sal joogto ah iyo hababka siin karaan mustaqbalka ugu wanaagsan loogu talagalay teleportation galmada iyo codsiyada ay.

masaafo gaaban

Teleportation masaafo gaaban (1 m) sida jimaynta xisaabinta galmada ah qalabka Semiconductor rajo, ugu fiican yahay jaantuska ah QED. Gaar ahaan, qubits superconducting transmonovye damaanad qaadi karno deterministic iyo sare sax chip teleportation. Waxay sidoo kale u oggolaadaan socodka si toos ah-waqtiga dhabta ah, taas oo u muuqata dhibaato on chips photonic. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay ku siin naqshadda dhismaha more scalable ah, iyo is-dhexgalka wanaagsan tiknolojiyada jira marka loo eego hababka hore, sida udhigo xanniban. Currently, khasaare kaliya ee nidaamyadan sida muuqata waa waqti isku xidhnaan ka kooban (<100 Ms). dhibaatadan loo xalin karo iyadoo la isticmaalayo is dhexgalka QED la wareeggeedii Semiconductor miiqdaan unugyada xusuusta galidoonaan (nitrogen-bedelay bannaan ama crystal doped waxyaabaha dhulka dhif u ah), kaas oo ku siin kara waqti isku xidhnaan dheer galmada ee kaydinta xogta. Currently, hirgelinta tani waa arrin dadaalka weyn ee bulshada sayniska.

link City

Us teleport u baaxad magaalada (dhowr kiilomitir) in loo hagaajiyaa laga yaabaa in la isticmaalayo qaabab indhaha. At khasaare ku filan yar yahay, nidaamyadan bixiyaan xawaaraha sare iyo bandwidth. Waxay la kordhin karaa fulintii desktop in ay habab kala duwan oo dhexdhexaad ah oo ka hawlgala in ka badan hawada ama fiber indhaha, la qabsashada waddanka u suurtoobaan galidoonaan ah ee xasuusta galmada. In ka badan masaafo dheer, laakiin xawaare hoose waxaa lagu gaari karaa by hab hybrid ama by horumarinta repeaters wanaagsan ku salaysan habka aan Gaussian.

isgaarsiinta

Long-fog teleportation galmada (in ka badan 100 km) waa meel firfircoon, laakiin weli la ildaran dhibaatada furan. qubits kala fogaansho - ka sidayaal ugu wanaagsan ee teleport-xawaaraha ku yar ka badan khadadka fiber optic dheer ee isgaarsiinta iyo hawada, laakiin xilligaan la joogo maamuuska waa probabilistic ah ay sabab u tahay ogaanshaha aan dhamaystirnayn Bella.

Inkastoo teleportation probabilistic iyo entanglement ku haboon yihiin codsiyada sida muxaadaro of entanglement iyo cryptography galmada, laakiin waa si cad uga duwan isgaadhsiinta, taas oo xogta aqbasho waa in si buuxda loo sii raagayaan.

Haddii aan aqbalo dabeecadda this probabilistic, hirgelinta satellite waa gaadho teknoolajiyada casriga ah. Waxa intaa dheer in is-dhexgalka ee hababka statistics, dhibaatada ugu weyn ee jira khasaare sare sababa kala faafintooda dogobka. Tani waxaa looga guulaysan karaa in qaabeynta halkaas oo entanglement waxaa loo qeybiyaa ka satellite si xoqad ee jidhadhka dhulka la aperture weyn. Haddii loo maleeyo in aperture satellite of 20 cm at 600 km height iyo 1 m aperture xoqad on dhulka, mid ka filan karto oo ku saabsan 75 dB khasaaraha ee channel downlink in ka yar tahay 80 khasaaraha dB heer dhulka ah. Hirgelinta oo ka mid ah "dhulka satellite" ama "satellite Saaxiibkiis" dhib badan tahay.

xusuusta galmada

isticmaalka mustaqbalka ee teleportation oo qayb ka ah shabakad scalable waa si toos ah ee la xiriira in ay is dhexgalka la xasuusta galmada. Arintaan waa in uu leeyahay fiican marka la eego tayada shaqo diinta interface "radiation-arrinta ', sax ah oo wax lagu qoro iyo akhriska, waqtiga iyo awoodda kaydinta, xawaaraha sare iyo awoodda kaydinta. First of dhan waxa kuu ogolaanayaa inaad si ay u isticmaalaan repeaters lagu hormarinayo xidhiidhka meel ka durugsan kala iibsiga si toos ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo codes la saxo qaladka. horumarinta a xasuusta galmada wanaagsan u ogolaan lahaa ma aha oo kaliya in la qaybiyo entanglement iyo isgaarsiinta network teleportation, laakiin sidoo kale ku xiran si loo farsameeyo macluumaadka ku kaydsan. Ugu dambeyntii, tani noqon kara shabakad caalami ah u qaybiyey computer galmada ama sal u ah Internet galmada mustaqbalka.

horumar rajo

ensembles Nuclear dhaqan ahaan loo arko soo jiidasho leh sababta oo ah beddelaad hufan oo ka mid ah "light-arrinta" iyo muddooyinka millisecond ay kaydinta, kaas oo noqon kara ilaa 100 Ms loo baahan yahay in iftiinka adduunka gudbiyaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, horumar badan oo horumarsan ayaa haatan la filayaa ku saleysan nidaamka Semiconductor, halkaas oo Lataliyihii fiican xasuusta galmada galidoonaan si toos ah dhexgeliyey Architecture scalable Bannaanka QED. xusuusta Tani ma kordhin karaa oo keliya circuit QED waqti isku xidhnaan ah, laakiin sidoo kale si ay u bixiyaan interface indhaha-microwave for interconversion ee isgaarsiinta iyo chip photons microwave indhaha.

Sayidka, daahfurtay in mustaqbalka ee saynisyahano berrinkii internet galmada ay u badan tahay in lagu saleeyo long-distance xidhiidhka indhaha, unugyada semiconducting conjugated wixii macluumaad ah ee processing galmada.