The Pope 3aad Innocent: Biography, Halyeeyga dibi

In dunida , Pope Innocent 3 waxaa loo yaqaan Lothario de Segni. Waxa uu ku dhashay meel u dhow magaalada Anagni. Taariikhda saxda ah ee dhalashada lama yaqaan pontiff. Tani waa mid 1160 ama 1161. Aabbihiis Trazimono dhashay horyaalka ee tirinta codadka, oo hooyadiis ahayd patrician a Roman of panulirus ah. Lothario ayaa lala by xiriirka ehelnimo la kale laba popes. Clement III ahaa adeerkiis, iyo Gregory IX uu adeer u yimid.

dhalinyarada

Madaxa mustaqbalka of Church Catholic ah Innocent 3 ka da 'yar ayaa la kala duwanaayeen kartida aqooneed ee aad u fiican. Waxa uu bartay sharciga ee Bologna iyo fiqiga ee Paris. Hal sano ka dib dilkii Thomas Becket Lothario tegey on Xajka si ay u Canterbury.

In 1190 30-sano jir ah ayaa noqday Talyaani jiifoo ah. Celestine III, laakiin, ayaa isaga iska ka deegaanka dhawray. Sidaa darteed, awoodda Cardinal kor u qaadeen shaqada suugaanta. Isaga oo khuseeya "On quudhsiga dunida, ama ku saabsan badan oo insignificance aadanaha," iibin tiro la taaban karo. Lothario jeclaa xubno ka mid ah Curia ah. In 1198 dhimashada Celestine ka dib markii ay isaga soo doortay Pope cusub, qaadashada magaca Innocent III.

Pontiff iyo Empire ah

Laga soo bilaabo maalmood ee ugu horreeya ee cusub naftiisa waayo, sida nasiib badan Innocent. Horeba muddo dheer Papacy ee isku dhaca oo leh awooda Imperial ee Roman Empire Quduuska ah. In 1197 Boqortooyada Henry VI dhintay, oo uu dowladda sugan yahay marxad isku dhacyada gudaha Ghibelline iyo ciidamada XDS. Germany oo dhammuna muquurtay dagaal sokeeye. All this kaliya xoogaystay jagooyinka in ay dagan yihiin Innocent 3. Biography heli jiray cimrigiisii oo hore ayaa lala xiriirinayay si kala duwan ee dalalka Yurub oo uu booqday aawadood oo ah barashada iyo Xajka. Haddaba sida madax ka ah Innocent Catholic xiriir la ciqaab dalalka oo dhan.

Curyaannimo xoogga Imperial ogol yahay Pope uu dib ugu hanto Maraykanka le'daan, ballaadhinta xuduudaheeda badda Adriya hore ka dib markii uu ku biiro March ee Ancona, iyo Spoleto. Marka Celestine weligeed City ayaa ka fowdada sababta oo ah isku dhacyada kooxaha laandheere. Innocent ahaa hooyada patrician oo isticmaalaya xidhiidhada qoyska, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay heshiiyaan in ay ogaadaan. madaxa guulaha siyaasadeed ee Church Catholic ee Italy ayaa loo caleemo saaray xaqiiqada ah in uu noqday Ninkaas boqortooyada Sicily, oo ku yaalla koonfurta ee Jasiiradda. Wax yar ka hor inta uusan dhiman, uu Ninkaas Constance weydiiyay pontiff ah si ay u noqdaan ilmaha masuulka ka ah iyada dhallaanka ina Frederick ilaa bilawga da'diisa. 3 Innocent aqbalay dalab.

Weerar saliibi ah afaraad

Aan si nasiib ahaa Pope ee dagaalka ka dhanka ah Muslimiinta. Ka dib markii ka horreeyay ay Innocent 3 isku dayeen in ay Yeruusaalem ka gaalada iyo ilaa ugu dambaysta this barakeeyey afaraad qabsadaan saliibi ah. In 1198 amar la soo saaray, sida uu sheegay ururka ee ololaha millatari ee ahaa Jaha canshuurta 2.5% oo ka mid ah dakhliga kiniisadda. Lacagta la ururiyay dhowr sano, laakiin waxay ahaayeen, weligoodna ma dhergi. Under qorshaha, ay Saliibiyiintu ka lahaa in ay ka gudbaan badda Mediterranean si ay Maraakiibta uguurtay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isagoo gaaray ee Ganacsi Jamhuuriyadda, iyo amiirro, iyo Knights Ma aysan awoodin in ay bixiyaan lacagta loo baahan yahay iyaga ka mid ah (84 kun oo marks lacag ah).

Ganacsiga Doge of Venice, Enrico Dandolo soo jeediyay ay Saliibiyiintu ka si ay u caawiyaan isaga qabsadaan magaalada iska Hungary Zara xeebta Adriya hore. In beddelkeeda taageerada siyaasiga da'doodu u ballan qaaday in ay weli qaadaan ciidanka doonayo inuu Palestine tagaan. Sidaas darteed, Zara lagu qabtay oo waxay dhaceen. dayrta ee magaalada qalbiga Christian Europe waxaa la socday bililiqo iyo dil rayidka ah.

Barashada ku saabsan dhacdada, Pope Innocent 3 ayaa ka carooday. Wuxuu excommunicated oo dhan ka qaybgalayaasha safar ah. Si dhakhso ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa soo dhexgalay siyaasadda. inkaarnaado Universal loogu tala galay xilli kama dambays ah failure a, taas oo weli la badbaadin karo. Intaa waxaa dheer, baadari Eebase ma aha cadhoonina la amiirradii dhulgoosadka oo dhan ka Europe. Ka dib oo miisaankeedu yahay oo dhan faa'iidada iyo khasaaraha, pontiff la kansal inkaarnaado, inkaar kaliya fikrada ah weerarkii lagu qaaday Zara, Venetians.

Fall of Constantinople

ugu xumaa, si kastaba ha ahaatee, weli in ay yimaadaan. Saliibiyiintu ka dhisay xiriir la gooyo dejiyey Byzantine Alexios, iyaga weydiiya inay ka caawiyaan isaga oo carshigiisa dib. In sarrifka, koobin ee la ballan qaaday in ay taageeraan Catholics in dagaalka ka dhanka ah ku xoojiyo Muslimiinta iyo lacag. Waxa uu sidoo kale isku raacay in ay u jideeyey, Church ee Giriigga ee West ah. dalab duufsan jeestay qorshaha saliibiga iyo Venetians. In 1204, waxay qabteen iyo bililiqeystay mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu weyn ee qarniyadii dhexe, Constantinople. On arkaynin Guryohoodii mooyee oo ka mid ah Byzantine Empire Catholic Laatiin, xoogga oo iska Franks waxay ku sii dhisnaatay.

Pope Innocent 3 isku dayeen in ay joojiyaan amiirradii dhulgoosadka, u soo diray inuu Constantinople. sidaas la sameeyo, isaguna uusan ku guulaysteen. Waxaa intaa dheer, ururka ma kaniisadaha dhicin. kala dhexeeya Catholics iyo Orthodox sameeyo kaliya ballaaran. Si kastaba ha ahaatee Innocent 3, Biography kooban oo ku saabsan taas oo ah tusaale ahaan pontiff khawaarij dabagalka toos ah aan sax ahayn oo aan laga badiyay kalsoonida ku oolnimada ay Saliibiyiintu ka dhaqaaq.

Dagaalka looga soo horjeedo kufaar

Back ee bilowgii qarnigii XI waxaa jiray dariiqo bidcinimo ah Christian of Albigenses ah (sayniska casriga ah ayaa lagu magacaabay Cathars) ee gobolka Faransiis ah Languedoc. Waxayna Dhab u Beeniyeen Amarada ka Church, images xurmada iyo quduusiinta naftooda ku. Inta badan Cathars ah ku urursan koonfur-galbeed ee France. Waxay la caawiyay by qaar ka mid ah amarada kaniisad cadhaysan oo ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaasha kiniisadda iyo dabaqadda sare hodan maxaliga ah.

Markuu kor uguma carshiga le'daan, set Innocent ku saabsan ciribtirka ka dih Gaalnimo ka. Waxaa cajiib ah in bilowga ah, uu gor in kufaar diray, oo waxaa ku dhex jiray St. Dominic oo shaandho Abbot ah. In 1209 isku day xal diblomaasiyadeed ku guuldareysatay, oo pontiff ku dhawaaqday olole caalami ah oo soo ridayo oo cusub, kaas oo socday in dhamaadka ilaa iyo inta labaatan sannadood.

Legend of Franciscans ah

In 1209 oo keliya ma aha bilaabay ridayo oo ka dhan ah Albigenses ah, laakiin sidoo kale mendicant ugu horeysay weyn waxaa la abuuray by Franciscans ah. Taariikhda ay dhacdo ahaa ku saleysan oo ka mid ah halyeeyada Dr Makumbe oo caan ah. Wacdiyuhu Frantsisk Assizsky keenay Rome taabacsan, ee raba in la helo ka Pope ee ogolaansho in la abuuro nidaam cusub diinta. Ninkan ma lahayn wax xidhiidh ah in madaxda sare ee Kaniisadda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadka ku dhex heybad miskiinka iyo gaar ka caawiyay isaga dhaadhiciyo kiniisadda Catholic in uu abaabulo kulan la socotada pontiff.

Sida ay legend, Innocent 3 Franciscans uu lahaa riyo ah oo St. Francis oo gacmihiisa qabtay Basilica Lateran kaliya ka dib markii la aasaasay. Ka hor inta in, uu saxiixo shaki ku wacdiya sal lahayn ee aan la aqoon cid ku sugan Italy wakhtigaas waxaa jiray noocyo kala duwan oo weyn. Qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah ma ka duwan nacas ah oo diimeed.

Francis waxaa la mid ma aha inta kale ee messiahs beenta ku wacdiyo gunti, jacaylka deriskiisa iyo rabitaan saboolnimada. isaga raacaa noqday kuwa loo yaqaan "walaalo yar". 3 Innocent aasaasay amarka Franciscan kaliya ka dib markii shaki uu sayrtay by riyo asalka ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii ay calaamad u ahaa, waxa soo baxday in sheegid. Order si deg deg ah u noqday aad loo jecel yahay. Isticmaalka bacdi ee Church Catholic ah, oo uu si joogto ah u kordhay xubnaha Golaha. toban sano ka dib waxa ay hore u ahaa 3000 oo qof, kuwaas oo wakhtigaas ahaa shakhsi badan.

Dominican iyo Order Teutonic ah

Warku xagga bixitaanka iyo ballaarinta amar cusub Catholic marka Franciscans oo keliya Innocent aan ku xaddidnayn. In uu waqti ee Toulouse waxaa jiray bulshada ee St. Dominic. Waxa uu noqday ku salaysan si kale. Innocent ma haysan waqti ay ku barakeeyo abuurkiisa sababtoo ah dhimasho kedis ah. Halkii, 1216 ku sameeyey bedelka Honorius III. Dominican Order ahaa waxbarasho - suufiyadoodii uu ku hawlan waxbarashada fiqi ahaaneed ee Macaabidda Yuhuud iyo magaalooyinka jaamacadaha guud ahaan Yurub.

In 1199 Innocent soo saaray dibi, oo siiyey madaxbannaani in daafacyada bulshada kale ee dad sodcaal ah ee dhulalka reer Falastiin. Taasi waxay ahayd bilowgii Order Teutonic ah, ka dib u dhaqaaqay Baltiga, halkaas oo Knights uu la aan Yuhuudda ahayn iyo Ruush ah oo madax madax banaan la diriray. Ururka hoose aan madaxa kaliya ee kaniisadda, laakiin sidoo kale awood u Imperial.

Teutonic Order iyo Pope Innocent 3 kaashaday sanado badan. Pontiff patronized Valpotu Henry - Master ugu horeeyay ee Grand ee bulshada. In 1215 Innocent bilaabay ridayo oo ka dhan ah Prussians ah. ciidan wadista ee xilli goan ahaa Order Teutonic ah. siyaasadda Bari Innocent ee aan ku xaddidnayn dagaalka ka dhanka ah Gaalada ah. Back ee 1204, wuxuu soo jeediyay amiir Volyn Roman Mstislavovich aqbali galaya oo helay horyaalka ee King of Galicia. Gorgortanku waxa uu keenay in waxba, maxaa yeelay, Rurik ah ma doonayaan in ay Iimaan ugu beddelo.

Bull Venerabilem

Muhiim ah oo ay ka qabno le'daan cagajuglaynta Innokentiya 3 dibloomaasiyad sharxay saffarro jagada Quduuska Fiiri ee ku saabsan arrimaha diinta iyo siyaasadda ee muhiimka ah. Qoraalka waxa ugu caansan sida in pontiff ahaa Venerabilem, lagu daabacay 1202. Bull ka kooban abstracts kaas oo madaxa kiniisadda ee sha sharaxay habdhaqankiisa xagga xoogga Imperial.

In Venerabilem Innocent xaqiijiyay xaq amiirrada Jarmal inay doortaan boqor. In Roman Empire Quduuska ah, waxa uu ahaa kii noqday boqor. Isla mar ahaantaana ay u subagtaa oo isaga taaj aabe kari oo keliya. Haddii uu tixgeliyo aan istaahilin musharax horyaalka gooyo, amiirradii waxay ahaayeen in ay doortaan qof kale. Innocent sharxay uu mudnaan in Church ayaa had iyo jeer loo baahan yahay gargaaraha cilmaani iyo gargaare. Haddii ay dhacdo in failure amiirrada inay doortaan pontiff ah musharaxa istaahila hayaa xaq u leeyihiin inay go'aan ka gooyo muhiim cusub. Si dhakhso ah ayuu u lahaa in ay isticmaalaan awoodaha kuwan.

castling boqorada

Bull Venerabilem noqday marxaladda soo socota ee halganka awoodda cilmaani iyo wacdina ee Western Europe. Innocent doonayeen inay joojiyaan saamaynta sii kordhaysa ee boqorada ah, oo ay ku jiraan u hoggaansanaayeen hantidii boqortooyada Sicily ay. Markaas ayaa sheegtay carshiga dhallinyarada Frederick II, laakiinse ma uu qaadan karto carshiga sida ilmo. Dhanka kale, nus ka mid ah amiirradii Jarmal doonayay in uu noqdo boqor Philip of Swabia, iyo badh kale ah oo ay taageerayaan Ottona Braunshveygskogo. On dirayaan doonana joojiyay iyo Innocent 3. Pope subkay inaad ahaato boqor Otto ee 1209.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isagoo awood u helay, boqor cusub diideen inay addeecaan siyaasadda ee Pope ee. Markaasuu bilaabay inuu ku soo celiyo saamaynta ay Imperial ku reebay isaga, waayo, Italy iyo Sicily. Markaas Innocent excommunicated Otto ka kiniisadda. In 1212, baadari ah yaboohay sharafta Imperial koray-Frederick (oo noqday Emperor ee siddeed sannadood, dhimashada uu sokoeye iyo masuulka ka dib).

Otto sidoo kale laga badiyay uu saamayn monarchical dib 1214 waxaa laga adkaaday ee Battle of Bouvines, markii uu adkaaday Filipp II Faransiis Boqorka Avgust. Dhawr bilood ka dib, wuxuu ka horyaalka gooyo iska casilay. Isagoo u waayay taageerada Cod ah, iyo pontiff Otto IV dhintay sabab u dabadhiig qaba intuu wax ku dhuftay in 1218. Oo waxyaalahaas oo dhan halgan siyaasadeed oo xaaqan Europe ee bilowgii qarnigii XIII, waxaa caan ku cad Pope Innocent 3. Intii uu Papacy Institute gaadhay meesha ugu sarreysa ee saamaynta ay ku ciqaab cilmaani ah ee World Hore.

Iskahorimaadka la John aan dhulka

Way adag tahay wakhtigan waxay ahaayeen xiriirka of Quduuska ah ka eeg iyadoo England. In 1207, Innocent magacaabay Stefana Lengtona Archbishop of Canterbury cusub. Ingiriisi Korol Ioann England diiday in ay aqoonsadaan puppet ee Rome. Waayo, kan madaxa ah oo dunida Catholic ku soo rogtay dalka amarkii ah, oo diidaya in ay qabtaan adeegyada diimeed waxa ku jira. Iyada oo laga jawaabayo, John tilmaamay hantida kaniisadda oo dhan ee England, sidaas helay lacagta cajiib ah 100 kun oo ginni. Waxa ay u muuqatay in colaadda la awood ruuxi uu lacagta kaliya tegey.

Sida Halyeeyga Innocent 3, sida ay riyooyinkii uu go'aansaday in la ansixiyo aasaaskii Order Franciscan ah, laakiin siyaasadda baadari dhabta ah waxaa lagu hanuuniyey in go'aamada ay sababo kale oo badan Ujeeddada. Maxaa yeelay, caasinimada ee Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, Pope isaga excommunicated. kiniisadda British si iskood ah u baxay maxaabiis ahaan.

Colaadda socday muddo dhowr sano. Ugu dambeyntii, ee 1213 ayaa sidoo kale la diriray la sayidyadooda ku dhulgoosadka John qirtay inuu Innocent. Ka dib markii in, Aabaha bilaabay inuu boqorka u difaacaan. Waxa uu ka reebnay Boqortooyada Faransiis Philip II Augustus of England si ay u sheegi dagaalka sheegashada in Normandy. Waxaa intaa dheer, Pope Innocent 3, kuwaas oo Biography ayaa lala xiriiriyay Xajka jir ah u Canterbury, Church ee excommunicated lid ku ah, kuwaas oo isku dayay in ay u diidaan xukuumadda saxeexay "Magna CARTA" Ioanna Bezzemelnogo.

Tan afraad Lateran iyo geeri

dulucdii ee pontificate ee Innocent III ahaa Council Lateran Afraad. Waxaa la furay bishii November 1215. At durkin a dhacdo yimid 400 archbishops iyo kiniisadda, iyo sidoo kale dhowr ah oo ka mid ah aynu ka soo farcannay of Kaniisadaha Bari. Isla mar ahaantaana ku maqan madaxda Giriigga. Xitaa ka dib markii kow iyo toban sannadood argagixiso by laga iskaashi kasta oo la Catholics boob Constantinople Byzantines cabsi.

cathedral ayaa daabacay in ka badan toddobaatan Buzadag ka qabashada arrimo la xiriira nolosha diinta. Tusaale ahaan, uu ka reebnay dadka Masiixiyiinta ah in aad xiriir ganacsi la Yuhuudda. Takoorka Yuhuudda ahaa feature a of Zaman, iyo Innocent iyo wefdigiisa ayaa dadka soo bixiyey waqtigooda.

Pope ka tagay ma aha oo kaliya go'aanka Cathedral Lateran iyo Bull ah, laakiin sidoo kale kumanaan waraaqaha. Qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah ayaa u huray in arrimaha sharciga, sida la og yahay, pontiff ahaa qareen fiican Dr Makumbe. ururinta asalka ah ee uu warqadihiisa ayaa helay shubo ee University of Bologna.

Innocent 3 photo images Dr Makumbe muujinaya in wali xad nin dhallinyaro ah, ayaa ku dhintay July 16, 1216 in Perugia at da'da 55 sano. Sababta oo ah geerida hore ee pontiff waxay bilaabeen inay duumada. Innocent qandaraas cudur dilaa ah oo ku saabsan habka ay u waqooyiga Italy, halkaas oo uu ka dib markii Golaha Lateran ka baxay for dejinta khilaafaadka ka dhex Pisa iyo Genoa. Pope ku haminayay in uu caawiyo labada Jamhuuriyadda ururka cusub ee saliibi ah shanaad ee. Oo waxaa lagu aasay Perugia. hadhaagii Innocent lagu wareejiyay Rome ee 1891.