The safar koowaad iyo labaad Batu rus

In taariikhda yimid quruun kasta oo waxaa jiri doona waqti aad barwaaqaysan sare iyo jeer ka mid ah hoos u dhac. In Russia waana isku mid ahaa. Gaaritaanka jir ah oo dahab ah oo hoos Vladimir weyn, Yaroslav falsan iyo Vladimir Monomakh, dalka ku sugan yahay marxad dagaallo internecine for carshiga Kiev. waxaa jiray amiirro meesha aad u tiro badan, laakiin carshiyo weli yar. In wiilashii iyo grandsons ku murmeen dhexdooda diriray, walaalahood iyo Eedadaa, iyo gobolka waayi doonaa oo kaliya. Ma aha la yaab leh, ka safarada Batu in Russia, kuwaas oo kaliya ku dhacay wakhtigaas, waxa uu ahaa sidaas guul. Oo ma jirin oo kaliya midnimada ee u dhexeeya madaxda ka, laakiin waxay u doonayaan in midba midka kale caawiyo. Cities wiiqay: derbiyada ma ay xaaladoodu ugu fiican, lacag dhibay ka dhiman, iyo xirfad askar-dagaal uusan ku filnayn. Lahaa si ay u difaacaan guryahooda iyaga oo muwaadiniinta caadiga ah, kuwa aan marnaba lagu qabtay gacmaha hubka, iyo aqoonta istiraatiijiyad ciidan iyo xeelad waxay si fudud ma lahayn.

Sababaha kale ee guuldarada of Russia

Waxaa xusid mudan in ay jiraan sababo kale oo guuldaradii of Russia. safarada Batu in Russia weligood degna fuliyo, waxay ahaayeen si taxadar leh loo diyaariyey oo u maleeyey baxay. Ever tan iyo wakhtigii Genghis Khan, Taliyaha halyeeyga ah guntiisa Asia, indheeyayaal u sheegay in madax ka Ruush oo ka mid ah aad buu hodan, iyo si sahal ah u qaadan doonaan. Sida sahan ah in ciidanka waxaa badanaa loo arkaa in olole ku dhamaaday la Battle of River Kalka ah. Waxaa xusid mudan in ciidanka Mongol-Tatar ahaa mid aad u xoog badan, iyo anshaxa birta iyo addeecidda si kasta oo ka mid ah taliyaha ka qayb qaatay guulaysiga. Intaa waxaa dheer, qabsaday Shiinaha, Horde ayaa ay ka hormartay farsamooyinka ciidamada iyo qalab la hareereeyo, kaas oo ahaa mid gaar ah waqtiga.

duulaankii Mongoliyaan (gaaban)

Waxaa xusid mudan in ay jireen laba waqti of duulaankii Mongol ah. Ololaha hore ee Batu in Russia socday ka 1237 by 1238. Intii uu Horde guulaystay Ryazan iyo kibir Vladimir-Suzdal u leexatay xagga Novgorod, laakiin ma isaga sooma ay gaadhi, kolkaasaan dib u noqday. Ka hor inta in ay qabteen Bulgaria Volga ah. ololaha labaad ee Batu on Russia lagu soo koobi karaa sida soo socota: muddada 1239-1240 sannadood ayuu qabsaday kibir Kiev, Vladimir-Volyn oo wuxuu tegey on in Europe. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka-Mongol tataarka filan guul dheeraad ah oo deg deg ah, laakiin iska caabin ah waa mid culus. Badiyay awood badan, Khan uma heli karto in la soo dhaafay of Sea Western sidii loogu talo galay ka hor, sidaas oo kale ayaan dib ugu noqdeen.

Conquest of Northern Russia. Qaadashada Ryazan

Ololaha hore ee Batu in Russia wuxuu u ekaa bool ka buluug ah. Dabcan, ka maliishiyaad Ruush xusuusan dagaalka ee Kalka ah, ogaadana in Mongols ah - qatar kaa soo horjeedda, laakiin in ay rajaynayaan in saxariirin karno hadii uu isku daya in uu u yimid in. dhimashada Genghis Khan ayaa riixay bilowga xilli ciidamada weyn, laakiin waxa ay ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal ah si ay u kordhiyaan xoogga. Taliyaha Wiilashii guulaystay North Shiinaha, Volga Bulgaria, ku biiro Polovtsian ciidanka (Kipchaks). Bishii December 1237 faraha ka, jebinta Volga ah, u yimid mid aad u dhow soohdinta reer kibir Ryazan ah. Batu dalbaday in ay furasho iyo gabbaro, laakiin helay jawaab af badan. Ryazan weydiiyay caawimaad amiirradii kale Ruush, laakiin ma ay qaadan. shan maalmaha weerarku kulul oo caasimadda ka dib markii u dhacay, oo waxaa lagu duminayaa dhulka ku. Masiirka isku dhacay dalka Ryazan.

Baabi'iyaasha Vladimir kibir. Battle of River fadhiista ah

Laakiin xilli of Batu Khan in Russia sii. Ciidamada socod on kibir Vladimir ah. Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich diray koox ka mid ah Kolomna, halkaas oo ay ku dhinteen. Ka dib markii dayrta ee Kolomna, Moscow, caasimada Vladimir. Bilowga ee 1238 armaajo amiirradii la shireen ayaa ugu danbeyn ka adkaaday on webiga fadhiista. caabin rabshado dheeraad ah si ay u Mongols siiyey Torzhok weerartay laba toddobaad, iyo Kozelsk, kuwaas oo qaatay ka dib go'doomintii toddoba toddobaad. Ka baqaya in ay dhawaan bilaabi doonaan in ay dhalaali barafka, Khan amray in ay dib u soo noqdaan inta aan la gaadhin derbiyada Novgorod kaliya boqol mile. Inkastoo, waa in la ogaadaa in, taariikhyahanadu qaar ka mid ah waxay aaminsan yihiin in Novgorod hodanka iibsaday off by Mongols ah, si loo qaadin. Oo halkaas waa version ah in Batu Khan iyo Alexander Nevsky - mid ka mid ah oo qofka la mid ah. Oo maxaa yeelay waxay ahayd magaaladii Novgorod, ma aysan u burburisay.

Wax kasta oo ay ahayd, laakiin in xilli ciyaareedkan ugu horeysay ee Batu Khan in ay Russia ku dhamaaday. Horde gurteen inay dalka soo Polovtsian in ay ka leefleefi boogaha iyo ururin xoog weerar cusub.

The Mongol duulaankii labaad

In guga ee 1239 bilaabeen olole ay ku Batu ee Russia koonfurta. Bishii Maarso, Mongols ay ka qabsadeen Pereyaslavl, ee October - magaaladii Chernihiv. Meeshii isaga ku xigtayna, in 1240 Horde ku hayeen inay Kiev, caasimadda ah ee Russia, ay caasimada. Markaas Baty dhaqaaqay ee West, taas oo uu ku qabtay kibir Galicia-Volyn, soo galeen Poland iyo Hungary, in xeebaha badda Adriya hore u yimid. Waxaa laga yaabaa in ololaha labaad Batu in Russia taasi ma aysan ku dhamaatay, laakiin wararka ka yimid dhimashada Kagan. Doonaya in ay ka qayb qaataan ka Kurultai, kaas oo lahaa si ay u doortaan hogaamiye cusub ee Mongols ah, Genghis Khan ayaa awow jeedsateen in steppe ah. mar kale ku soo wada ururiya xoog sida baaxad weyn oo faraha olole militari oo horay u fashilantay. Sidaas Europe ayaa ku hadhay Sucuudiga, Russia ayaa la wareegay dharbaaxo daran, iyo wax soo xirtay baxay cadowga.

Qaadashada Kiev

Batu Dilal Russia aan lagu tilmaami Karin kooban. magaalo kasta iska caabiyeen sida ugu wanaagsan ee uu kari, laakiin ciidamada ay ahaayeen kuwa aan qummanaynu. In qorna wuxuu sharaxayaa rideen geesinimada Ruush, kuwaas oo u dagaallamayey in ay hoos ugu dambeeyey ee dhiigga. Halkan sida in la yidhaahdo oo ku saabsan qaadashada dahabkii-domed Kiev qadiimiga ah ilaha.

Waagaas magaalada lahaayeen Daniilu Galitskomu, laakiinse mid amiir ah aan ku jiray ee. Warriors amray by Voevoda Dmitry. Sida had iyo jeer, Batu dalbaday in ay furasho iyo gabbaro, balanqaaday inuu wax cafiyo daafacyada oo dhan, laakiin Kiev diiday oo gadaal ka soo dagaalantay duulay ee. Isticmaalka wan awood badan, Mongols ku galeen magaaladii, riixaya dadka. u dooda Recent ururay Detinets, dhiseysa derbiga cusub ee difaaca. Laakiin line waxaa laga soo qaaday. dadka deegaanka Kiev soo ururiyey ee Church of meeltobnaadyadii, kaas oo sidoo kale burburay, noqday dhagax xabaal ah Patriots ah. Ku dhaawacmeen, oo kali taliyihii nool keentay in Khan iyo Batu isaga saamaxay oo uu talaabo geesinimo leh. nimcadan aad loo isticmaali jirin tan iyo wakhtigii reer Mongols of Genghis Khan. Later, Dmitry ka qeyb qaatay ololaha of sawirtay in Europe.

cawaaqib olole

safarada Batu in Russia, labadaba koowaad iyo labaad ee, dalkan noo keenay wax badan oo murug. Kibir la baabbi'iyey, la gubo, dadka la dilay ama la xado waa la haystaa. Oo ka mid ah magaalooyinka, taas oo laga tiriyey 74, 49 ayaa la burburiyey. Afar iyo toban ka mid ah ayaa aan awoodin in ay baadhid iyo dib u soo nooleeya. Inta lagu guda jiro duulaanka aqoonta, sidaas daraaddeed, joojiyay dhismaha dhagax lumeen, wax soo saarka ee galaasyada iyo dhalooyinka window, dhaldhalaalka cloisonne. Dilkii tiro badan oo ah amiirradii iyo aqoonyahanada xukunka, ilaalada, kordhay saamayn ah qaybaha non-mudan ee ka mid ah bulshada. In Russia bilaabay hoos u dhac dhaqaale, nabaad-dhaqanka iyo siyaasadda, taas oo socday muddo sanado badan.

Qarsoon ee taariikhda

Laakiin waxaa jira aragti kale oo ka mid ah taariikhda, qiimayn kale oo ka mid ah dhacdooyinka kuwa. Dabcan, safarada waxba Russia Batu wanaagsan, iyadu ma keeno. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cilmi badan waxay aaminsan yihiin in Mongols ma ahaayeen sida daran sida ku qeexan chroniclers. Dabcan, iyagu waa reer uu waqti, oo sidaas daraaddeed ayaa lagu qasbay inay helaan nolol siyaabo in la heli iyaga. Su'aal tirada duulay. Haddii Baty iyo amiirradii kale keentay malaayiin ciidanka, fardaha oo kaliya ma noqon doono cunto ku filan. Ku maqan yahay xaqiiqda ah sababta magaalooyinka yar yar (Kolomna, Torzhok Kozelsk) guulaysteen, inay hareereeyo dheer, halka caasimadda ah ee kibir la derbiyadeeda weyn loo qaaday dhowr maalmood. Oo maxaad reer guuraa ka bari ee loo baahan yahay, kuwaas oo degsiimooyinka yar oo aan lahayn muhiimadda istiraatiiji ah? Maxaad Mongols ka Novgorod jeestay, qaninimo ah oo halyeeyada? Waa maxay sababta ma aha in Smolensk tagto? Cabsanaysaa? Laakiinse iyagu ma ay ahaayeen jabay! Laakiin su'aalahan weli lagama jawaabin ilaa hadda.