Ezhov Nikolay: Biography iyo sawirka

Sida aan ognahay taariikhda, intooda badan ah kuwa ugu nasab fiican oo qoyska reer boqor in guillotine u cid diray in France intii lagu jiray cabsi weyn ee qarnigii 18aad, ka dib naftooda toogasho ah. Waxaa jiray xitaa weedh qabsado, ku dhawaaqay wasiirka caddaaladda Danton, ayuu yiri, ka hor inta aysan isaga gooyay: "kacaanka The baabbi'isaa carruurta u gaar ah."

Taariikhda laftiisa soo noqnoqda ee sano ee argagixisada Stalin ee, markii mid ka mid stroke qalinka shalay, askari uu noqon karo in jimbaar isla xabsiga ama la toogtay iyadoon wax maxkamad, iyo sidoo kale kuwa kii uu u soo diray in dhimashada ay.

Tusaale ahaan cad ah waa Ezhov Nikolay - commissar Arimaha Gudaha ee USSR. saxnaanta bogagga badan oo uu Biography waxaa su'aalo taariikhyahanadu, sababtoo ah waxaa jira dhibco badan oo mugdi ah.

waalidiinta

Sida laga soo xigtay sarkaalka, Ezhov Nikolay waxa uu ku dhashay 1895 in St. Petersburg, in qoys ka shaqeeya.

Isla mar ahaantaana waxaa la rumeysan yahay in aabbihiis uu Ivan commissar Yezhov, kii u dhashay la. Volhonschino (gobolka Tula) oo waxay u adeegeen dagaal Lithuania. Waxaa uu la kulmay gabar degaanka kii uu ugu dhakhsaha badan guursaday oo aan go'aansaday inuu ku laabto dhulkooda hooyo. Ka dib markii dhigis qoyska Yezhov u guuray gobolka Suvalki, iyo Ivan helay booliska.

carruurnimada

Waqtiga dhalashada Koli waalidkiis ay u badan tahay ku noolaa tuulo ku taala Marijampole County (hadda Lithuania). 3 sano ka dib, wiilka aabbihiis ayaa loo magacaabay masuulka aagga magaalooyinka gobolka Zemsky. xaalad Tani waxay keentay in xaqiiqda ah in qoyska dhaqaaqay in Marijampole, halkaas oo dugsiga hoose Kohl disaccustomed 3 sano.

Mu'minaadka ah ina waalidkiis aqoon ku filan ee 1906 isaga in qof qaraabo ah in St. Petersburg, halkaas oo uu u malaynayeen inay wax ka bartaan horjoogsadeen ganacsiga diray.

dhalinyarada

Inkastoo Biography ee Nikolaya Ezhova tilmaamay in ilaa 1911 waxa uu ka shaqeeyay ee warshad Putilov makaanik arday ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waraaqaha arkiifiyo ma xaqiijin this. Waxaan ognahay oo kaliya in ee 1913, Ninkii dhallintayaraa ee waalid ee gobolka Suvalki ku soo laabtay, ka dibna ku wareegtay search of shaqo. Xaaladdan oo kale, in muddo ah uu ku noolaa Tilsit (Germany).

In xagaagii 1915 Ezhov Nikolay iskaa wax u qabso ah u baxay inuu ciidanka. Ka dib tababar guutada lugta 76aad waxaa loo diray si ay u Front Woqooyi Galbeed.

Laba bilood ka dib, ka dib markii a dhaawacyo cudur sambabka oo daran, uu u soo diray inuu gadaal ka, iyo xagaagii hore ee 1916 Nikolay Ezhov, kuwaas oo koritaanka ahaa kaliya 1 meter 51 cm, ayaa la sheegay in u qalmin shaqada milatariga. Sababtan awgeed, uu u soo diray inuu workshop danbe ee Vitebsk, oo u tegey ilaalada iyo dharka, iyo karaaniga ugu dhakhsaha badan, sida askari ugu awoodda u, waxaa loo magacaabay.

In xilliga dayrta 1917 Ezhov Nikolay jiray isbitaalka oo wuxuu ku noqday unit ilaa bilowgii 1918, waxaa la saaray ay sabab u tahay cudur muddo 6 bilood ah. Mar kale ayuu tegey waalidiinta, oo isna wuxuu waagaas ku noolaa gobolka Tver ah. Bishii Agoosto ee isla sannadkaas Yezhov bilaabeen inay ka shaqeeyaan warshad muraayadda, taas oo ahayd Vyshny Volochyok.

Bilow mustaqbalkiisa xisbiga

su'aalaha ka buuxsamay by Yezhov ee hore 1920, waxa uu sheegay in uu ku biiray RSDLP ee May 1917. Laakiin muddo ka dib wuxuu bilaabay inuu yidhaahdo wixii uu ku sameeyey March 1917. Isla mar ahaantaana, sida laga soo xigtay xubno ka mid ah ururka magaalada Vitebsk of RSDLP Saf ay Yezhov galay oo kaliya 3 August.

Bishii Abriil 1919, waxaa loogu yeedhay in ay u adeegaan ee Red Army waxana gudbiyay saldhigga radioformirovany in Saratov. Waxaa isna wuxuu u adeegay sidii markii hore gaar ah, ka dibna at amarka oo karraanigii ahaa. Bishii October ee isla sannadkaas Ezhov Nikolay loo magacaabay saldhig Guddoomiyaha halkaas ku takhasusay radio ayaa lagu tababarey, iyo guga 1921 waxaa loo magacaabay Taliyaha saldhigga, oo loo doortay xigeenka madaxa Guddiga Regional Tatar ee RCP ee waaxda agitpropagandistskim.

On xisbiga shaqeeyaan caasimada

In July 1921, Ezhov Nikolay diiwaan guur la Titov. Wax yar ka dib arooska, aroosadda u soo baxeen inay Moscow, waxaana uu halkaas ku wareejiyay iyo ninkeeda.

In caasimadda, Yezhov bilaabay inuu si dhakhso ah u guurto in adeega. Gaar ahaan, dhowr bilood ka dib uu u diray Guddiga xisbiga Regional Mari Xoghayaha Fulinta.

Dheeraad ah, waxa uu qabtay jagooyinka xisbiga soo socda:

• Xoghayaha Fulinta ee Guddiga Gobolka ee Semipalatinsk;
• madaxa waaxda ururka guddiga gobolka Kirghiz ah;
• Xoghayaha fulinta xigeenka guddiga gobolka Kazakskogo;
• orgraspredotdela CC macallin.

In opinion maamulka ee, Ezhov Nikolay Ivanovich ahaa jilaa ugu fiican, laakiin waxay lahaayeen khasaare weyn - joojin kari waayay, xitaa in xaaladaha ay waxba la samayn karaa.

Ka dib markaan ka shaqeeyay Guddiga Dhexe ilaa 1929, wuxuu qaatay 12 bilood noqday ku xigeenka Dadka commissar Beeraha ee USSR ah, ka dibna ku soo laabtay orgraspredotdel madaxa.

"Saartaan"

Orgraspredotdelom Nikolai Yezhov ahaa mas'uul ilaa 1934. Oo isna wuxuu Guddiga Dhexe ee CPSU ah, kaas oo la fuliyaa "daahirintiisa" ee xisbiga u soo jeestay, oo ka February 1935 ayaa loo doortay guddoomiyaha golaha dhexe CPC iyo xoghayaha.

Laga soo bilaabo 1934 in 1935 Yezhov ka wakiil ah Stalin madax komishanka ee Kremlin iyo kiiska baaritaanka dilkii Kirov ee. Waxa uu ahaa kii iyaga lala hawlaha Zinoviev, Trotsky iyo Kamenev, dhab shirqool la Agranov ka dhanka ah tababaraha ugu dambeeyey ee Yagoda NKVD ah.

ballan cusub

Bishii September 1936, Stalin iyo Zhdanov, oo waxay ahaayeen wakhtigaas fasax, waxaa loo soo diray in ay caasimadda ka mid ah telegrams cipher hagaajiyaa Molotov, Kaganovich iyo xubnaha kale ee kadago ah. In waxa ay dalbadeen in uu magacaabo Yezhov in post ee Dadka commissar Arrimaha Gudaha, isagoo bestiis ah sida xigeenka Agranova.

Dabcan, si degdeg ah ayaa lagu fuliyay, iyo bilowgii October 1936 Nikolay Ezhov saxiixay amarka ugu horeysay ee uu waaxda inuu ku biiro boostada.

Ezhov Nikolay - Dadka commissar Arimaha Gudaha

Sida G. Berry, wuxuu addeecay hay'adaha gobolka ammaanka iyo booliska, sidoo kale adeegyada jirran tusaale ahaan, difaaca dabka iyo maamulka waddooyinka.

In booskiisa cusub Nikolay Ezhov abaabulay cadaadiska ka dhanka ah dadka lagu tuhunsan yahay basaasnimo ama anti-Soviet hawlaha, "denbigana" ee xisbiga, iyo xadhiga baahsan ee, musaafurinta ee khadadka bulshada, qaranka iyo hay'adaha.

Gaar ahaan, ka Goluhu March 1937 Guddiga Dhexe ka dib markii isaga baray inaan sameeyo waxyaalo si ku NKVD ah, ayaa lagu qabtay 2273 shaqaale ka tirsan hay'adda. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa ay bilaabeen inay soo dagno at Yezhov NKVD amarada, meydadka dhulka ku, taasoo muujinaysa tirada muwaadiniinta aan lagu kalsoonaan karin, kuwaas oo ku xiran yihiin in ay qabtaan, dhimasho, maxaabiis ahaan ama xeryaha xabsi iyo shaqada.

Inta lagu guda jiro kuwaas oo "guulahaas" Yezhov waxaa la guddoonsiiyey amarka of Lenin. Waxa kale oo jira tiro ka mid ah guulaha uu loo saarin karaa in ay burbur ku kacaan ilaalada jir ah ayaa lagu yaqaan taariikh nololeedyadii coroge saraakiisha badan top.

April 8, 1938 Yezhov ayaa loo magacaabay mar qayb-Dadka commissar Gaadiidka Water, iyo dhowr bilood ka dib ku-xigeenka koowaad ee NKVD iyo Chief of Security Gobolka qaaday Lavrentiy Beriya.

dulli

Bishii November 1938, kadago CP hadlay denunciation of Nikolaya Ezhova, kuwaas oo la saxiixay by madaxa NKVD Ivanovo ah. Dhowr maalmood ka dib commissar uu is casilay, taas oo loo aqoonsan yahay in ay mas'uuliyadda hawlaha curyaamin ah "cadowga", kaas oo uu hogaanka u galay xafiiska xeer-ilaalinta iyo NKVD ah.

Arkay qabtay dhaw, warqad uu u diray hoggaamiyaha dadyowga uu ka codsaday in aan la taaban uu "toddobaatan sannadood jirtay naag-hooyo" iyo gabagabeeyay in uu warqad adigoo sheegaya in uu ahaa "dhinaca Oromada colka weyn."

Bishii December 1938, "News" iyo "Pravda" daabacay farriin ah in Yezhov, sida uu codsi, laga eryay waajibaadka madaxa NKVD, laakiin wuxuu la hadhay post ee Dadka commissar Gaadiidka Water. Waxa uu ku guuleystay by Lavrenty Beria, kuwaas oo uu shaqada bilaabay in uu boos cusub la qabtay dad ku dhow yahay inuu Yezhov in NKVD, maxkamadaha iyo xafiiska xeer-ilaalinta.

Maalinta sanad guuradii 15-kii dhimashada V. I. Lenina, Yezhov goob joog ka ahaa ee ugu danbeysay ee ay dhacdo muhiim ah oo muhiimada qaranka - kulanka rasmi ah u huray in guuradii this murugo. Laakiin markaas soo raacay dhacdo, taas oo si cad u muujinaysaa in ka badan isaga xitaa ka badan ka hor, daruuraha kulan cadhada hoggaamiyaha dadyowga - inuusan doortay ergeyga ah in XVIII Congress ee shuuciga Bolshevik xisbiga.

xiraan

Bishii Abriil 1939, Ezhov Nikolay Ivanovich, kuwaas oo Biography ahaa sheekada qofka duushay mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed cajiib ah ilaa ay marayso, kaliya ka dugsiga hoose qalin, la qabtay. xiray ayaa ka dhacay xafiiska Malenkov, iyadoo ka qaybgalka Beria, oo loo magacaabay in uu hoggaamiyo baaritaanka kiiskiisa. Meeshaas ayuu ka soo diray xabsiga Sukhanovskaya NKVD gaar ah.

2 todobaad kadib, Yezhov qoray note ah, kaas oo qirtay in qaniis ah. Later waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida caddeyn u tahay in uu ka dhigay adaanaha falalka galmada ujeedooyin danayste iyo anti-Soviet.

Laakiin inta badan, waxaa la geliyey isaga ugu xadgudubka, waxaa afgembi iyo tababar argagixiso, taas oo loo isticmaali doono si ay u fuliyaan weeraro xubnaha xisbiga iyo dawladda on November 7 at Square Cas, intii lagu jiray mudaaharaad ka mid ah dadka ka shaqeeya.

Weedho iyo dil

Nikolai Yezhov, sawir ah kaas oo la soo bandhigay maqaal ah, ayaa beeniyay eedaymaha oo dhan iyo yeedhay qalad oo kaliya la'aanta ah ee dadaala ee "nadiifinta" xubnaha ammaanka gobolka.

In uu hadalka ugu danbeysay ee maxkamadda, Yezhov sheegay in uu la garaacay inta lagu guda jiro baadhitaanka, in kasta oo ay tahay 25 sano jir si daacad ah la diriray oo baabbi'iyey colka dadka. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa uu sheegay in hadii aan doonayo inaan ka dhigi weerar argagixiso mid ka mid ah xubno ka mid ah dowladda ka soo horjeeda, ma uusan u leeyihiin in ay qortaan qof, wuxuu kaliya isticmaali kartaa farsamo habboon.

February 3, 1940, commissar hore ee Dadka ayaa lagu xukumay dil. dil ayaa ka dhacay maalintii xigtey. Sida laga soo xigtay maragga kuwa isaga la socday in daqiiqado ee la soo dhaafay ka hor inta shot, ayuu ku gabyeen "Internationale The". Dhimashada Nikolaya Ezhova ahaa degdeg ah. Si aad u baabbi'iyo, xataa xasuusta of saaxiibo hore, hoggaanka xisbiga ayaa go'aansaday on gubista jidhkiisa.

baarista dhimashada ka dib

About jirrabaadda kuwa Yezhov iyo dil aan sheegay. Waxa kaliya ee in muwaadiniinta caadiga ogaaday Land ee Soofiyeedku, waxaa soo celinta magaca hore ee magaalada Cherkessk, iyo sidoo kale ka lumay ee hore ee Dadka commissar ay taswiiro la photos group.

In 1998, Nikolai Yezhov laga helay inaan la dayactirey by Collegium Military ee Maxkamadda Sare. dood The daliishaday ah arrimahan soo socda:

• Yezhov abaabulay taxane ah oo dil ah oo qof kuwaas oo la cadhooday isaga shakhsi ahaan in,
• Markaasuu wuxuu soo kaxaystay oo uu nafta ka xaaskiisa, maxaa yeelay, waxay soo bandhigaan laga yaabaa inuu hawlo sharci-darro ah, oo wuxuu sameeyey wixii uu ku fiican si uu u siiyo dembi fal ismiidaamin ah;
• iyadoo ay sabab u hawlgallada fuliyay iyadoo la raacayo amarada Nikolaya Ezhova, wuxuu la xiray in ka badan nus milyan oo muwaadiniin ah.

Ezhov Nikolay Ivanovich: nolosha, jacaylka

Sida hore u soo sheegnay, xaaskiisa ugu horeysay lagu toogtay commissar Antonina Titova (1897-1988). Lamaanahan ayaa la furay 1930 oo carruurna ma ay lahayn.

Iyada oo uu naagtiisa labaad - Eugene (Shulamith) Solomonovna - Yezhov ayaa la kulmay markii weli iyadu ahaa mid ay isqabeen diblomaasi iyo wariye Alekseem Gladunom. gabadha ugu dhaqsaha badan helay furay oo waxay noqotay naagtiisii ee xisbiga mas'uulkaas muddo dheer.

Waxa ay ku fashilmeen in ay soo saaraan laba iftiinka carruurta iyaga u gaar ah, laakiin waxay ka qaatay agoon ah. Gabadha magaceeduna wuxuu ahaa Natalie, iyo ka dib ismiidaamin ah hooyada foster ah, taas oo wax yar ka hor ka dhacay qabtay iyo fulinta Yezhov, ayay ku dhamaatay caruurta agoonta ah.

Hadda waxaad ku garanayaa kii ahaa Nikolai Yezhov, kuwaas oo Biography ahayd arrin caadiga ah ee shaqaale badan oo ka mid ah hay'adaha dawladda gelin sannadahaas, Dorval in awoodda sannadaha hore ee USSR iyo nolosha dhameeyey iyo sidoo kale dhibanayaasha ay.