Tiro Physical - waa ... Cabbiraad tirooyinka jirka. nidaamka tiro jirka

Physics sida sayniska ah in daraasad ifafaale ee dabiiciga ah, iyadoo la isticmaalayo habab cilmi caadiga ah. Marxaladaha ugu muhiimsan waxay kala yihiin: dhawrid, mala, tijaabo anshaxa, ka baran aragtida ah. Intii lagu guda jiray daawashada dhisay muuqaalada kala duwan ee ifafaale ah, dabcan ay Dabcan, sababaha suuragalka ah iyo cawaaqibka. Xiqiijiyay in sharxi karaa koorsada dhacdooyinka, in la dhiso sharciyo ay. rumayn Tijaabada (ama rumayn) waxaan malo. Waxay kuu ogolaanaysaa inaad dhigay tiro ka mid ah tiro ee koorsada of tijaabo ah, taas oo horseedaysa in la aasaaso tiirsanaanta saxda ah. waayo-aragnimo la xaqiijiyay in koorsada la xiqiijiyay in ay tahay mid ku salaysan aragti cilmiyeed.

Aragti No ma sheegan karaa inuu yahay lagu kalsoonaan karo, haddii aan la helin xaqiijin buuxda oo aan shuruud lahayn inta lagu guda jiro tijaabo ah. ee la soo dhaafay ayaa waxa uu la xidhiidhaa cabirka tirooyinka jirka sifeeyay geedi socodka. tiro Physical - waxaa aasaas u ah cabbirka.

Waa maxay this

Sida cabbirka qiimaha kuwa, kuwaas oo xaqiijin ansaxnimada la xiqiijiyay in ku saabsan sharciyada. tiro Physical - sharaxaad cilmiyaysan ee jirka jirka, la xiriira tayada, taas oo waa wax caadi ah in ay hannaanka ka mid ah maydadka la mid ah. Waayo, jidhku kasta oo sida dabeecad u taranta of a Gaarna shakhsi.

. Haddii waxaannu u jeesanaynaa dadka suugaanta, tixraaca M. Yudin et al ah (1989 edition) waxaan ka akhrisan in tiro la taaban karo waa "sifo ka mid ah sifooyinka wax la taaban karo (nidaamka jirka, arrin ama hab), tirada guud ee tayada badan jirka walxaha, laakiin marka la eego tirada waayo, wax kasta oo gaar ah. "

Ozhegov (1990 edition) dhigayaa in tiro jirka ah waa - ". Size, baaxadda, muddada shayga"

Tusaale ahaan, oo dhererkeedu wuxuu - tiro jirka. dhaqmo farsamo sida masaafo dheer, iyadoo la isticmaalayo electrodynamics dhererka silig in thermodynamics tiro le'eg oo go'aamisa dhumucda derbiyada vascular. nuxurka fikradda isku mid: qiimaha unit waxaa laga yaabaa in ay isku mid, iyo qiimaha - kala duwan.

feature The kala beegiddaba jirka ah, tusaale ahaan, ka xisaabeed ah, waa helitaanka cutubyo ka. Meter, cagta, yards - tusaalooyin unugyada dhererka.

cutub oo cabbirka

Si loo qiyaaso tirada jirka, waa in la la qiimaha helay halkii unit marka la barbar dhigo. Xusuusnow cartoon cajiib "Afartan iyo siddeed Sareynta." Si aad u dhigay dhererka Boa ah, characters qiyaasay dhererkiisu wuxuu ku Sareynta, maroodi ah, daayeer ka. Xaaladdan oo kale, oo dhererkiisu wuxuu Boa la koritaanka characters kale cartoon marka la barbar dhigo. Natiijadan ayaa waxa ay tiro ku xiran by tixraaca.

unit ee tirada jirka - qiyaas ah oo ay cabbirka in nidaam gaar ah oo halbeeg. Jahawareer ku qiyaasay baxdo ma aha oo kaliya sababtoo ah xasilooneyn tallaabooyin kala duwan,, laakiin mararka qaar sababta oo ah unugyada qaraabo.

qiyaas Ruush dherer - yards - masaafada u dhexeysa farta murdisada iyo suulka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gacmihii dadka kale oo dhan way kala duwan yihiin, iyo yards, qiyaasay nin gacantiis, waa ka yard a on gacanta ilmo ama qof dumar ah oo kala duwan. Meelaan The la mid ah u dhexeeya dhererka tallaabooyin ay ku saabsan tahay baac (masaafada u dhaxaysa talooyin ah ee uu farihiisa u dhaxeyso gooni hubka) iyo xusulka (meel fog ka soo farta dhexe inay gacanta suxulka).

Waxa xiiso leh, in wakiillada dukaanka kaxaysteen raggii oo ah reer Canaaq oo yar yar. baayacmushtariyaasha lagu daabacay badbaadiyey unugyada isticmaalaya dhowr yar Meryl: yards, baadhi xusulka.

nidaamka

noocyo kala duwan oo tallaabooyin noocan oo kale ah ka jira ma aha oo kaliya in Russia laakiin sidoo kale dalalka kale. Hordhac cutubyo inta badan ahaa aabo yeelin, mararka qaarkood unugyada ka mid ah ayaa soo bandhigay oo kaliya sababtoo ah sahlaansashada cabbirka ay. Tusaale ahaan, lagu qiyaaso cadaadiska Hawada soo bandhigay mmHg. Loo yaqaan khibrad Torricelli, kuna waari dhexdeeda tuubada loo isticmaalo, mercury oon swamping ogol yahay in ay soo galaan qiimo aan caadi ahayn sida an.

awood Engine marka loo eego hooras (taas oo ku dhaqma in aannu mar).

tiro jireed kala duwan cabirka tirooyinka jirka sameeyo ma aha oo kaliya oo adag oo aan lagu kalsoonaan karin, laakiin sidoo kale adkaynaysaa horumarinta sayniska.

Nidaamka uniform of tallaabooyin

nidaamka Midaysan tirooyinka jirka, raaxo iyo filaayo in dal kasta warshadaha, waxa uu noqday lagama maarmaan ah. The salaysan fikrada la ansixiyay sida doorashada ee tirada yar ee suurto galka ah ee unugyada by kuwaas oo si xiriir xisaabta lagu sheegi karaa, iyo qiyamka kale. qiyamka aasaasiga ah ee noocan oo kale ah waa in aan loo wada shaqayn la midba midka kale, qiimaha waa gaar ah ka go'an oo la fahamsan yahay in nidaamka wax dhaqaale.

Waxaan isku daynay si ay u xaliyaan dhibaatada this ee dalal kala duwan. Abuurista midaysan nidaam tallaabooyin (ton, GHS, ISS, iwm) ayaa ka dhigay soo noqnoqda, laakiin nidaamka kuwanu waa xanibayo ama marka xaga cilmiga of view, ama qoyska, codsiyada warshadaha.

Hawsha dhigay qarnigii 19aad, ayaa soo baxay go'aan ka kaliya ee 1958. Kulan ka mid ah nidaam midaysan ayaa lagu soo bandhigay in Guddiga Caalamiga ah ee Legal METROLOGY.

Nidaamkan midaysan ayaa ka mid ah tallaabooyinka

1960 calaamadeeyay kulanka taariikhiga ah ee Shirka Guud ee Miisaanka iyo Tallaabooyinka. Nidaamka gaar ah, loo yaqaan «Systeme Internationale d'qadan» (loo soo gaabiyo SI) waxaa lagu ansixiyay go'aanka shirkan sharafta leh. In version Ruushka nidaamka loo yaqaan System Caalamiga ah (gaabiyay SI).

Waxaa lagu qaaday saldhig ahaan 7 waaweyn iyo 2 dheeraad ah. Waxay qiimo tiro la go'aamiyo sida cabbirka

Table of tiro jirka ah SI

Name of unit aasaasiga ah	measurand	Doorshadan
		debedda ah	Ruush
unit ugu weyn
kiilo	miisaanka	kg	kg
meter	dhererka	m	m
labaad	waqtiga	s	la
ampere	hadda	A	A
Kelvin	heerkulka	K	K
jirjirroolaha	qadar oo ah walaxda	mol	jirjirroolaha
Candela	xoogga iska Ifto Yuuna	cd	cd
cutubyo dheeraad ah
raadiyan	xagal flat	RAD	ku faraxsan
steradian	xagal adag	SR	cf.

Nidaamka ma ka kooban karaa oo kaliya oo ka mid ah toddoba cutub, sida kala duwan ee geedi socodka jirka ee dabiiciga ah u baahan hordhaca ah ee qiimaha cusub iyo aad u badan. Qaab-dhismeedka aad bixisaa ma aha oo kaliya hordhaca ah ee unugyada cusub, laakiin sidoo kale ay xiriirka qaab xiriirka xisaabeed (waxaa inta badan loo yaqaan qaaciidooyinka of cabbir).

unit ee tirada jirka helay isticmaalaya dhufashada, exponentiation iyo qaybintii unugyada salka ku cabbir formula. la'aanta ah ee horgalaha tiro isla'egyada, kuwaas oo ka dhigaysa nidaamka ma aha oo kaliya ku haboon oo kale, laakiin sidoo kale isku xidhan (taxan).

unugyada dheefay

unugyada loo sameeyay toddoba taagayo ugu weyn, ayaa lagu magacaabay. Ka sokow unugyada muhiimka ah iyo soo jeeda, baahida loo qabo in sal-dhigida ee dheeraadka ah (raadiyan iyo steradian). dhinacyada ay arkaa in ay yihiin eber. la'aanta ah ee alaabtii ay qeexidda ka dhigaysa aan suuragal ahayn in iyaga loo cabbiro. Ay sal-dhigida waxaa sabab u ah codsiga ah ee cilmi-baarista afka baarkiisa. Tusaale ahaan, tirada "xoog" jireed ee nidaamka waxa lagu qiyaasaa in Newtons. Tan iyo markii ciidanka - qiyaas tallaabada ay labada jirkooda ku dul kasta oo kale, sabab u yahay kala duwan xawaaraha of mass ah jirka gaar ah, markaas waa inaad u qeexi karaan sida wax soo saarka ee mass unug per beega, qaybsan by unit of time:

F = k0M0v / T, halkaas oo k - factor saamigal, M - unit mass, v - unit xawaaraha, T - unit waqti.

cabbir SI siinayaa formula soo socda: n = kg0m / ^2, halkaas oo saddex unug waxaa loo isticmaalaa. Oo kilo meter iyo, iyo tan labaad oo loo gudbiyo maamulaha. Wehliyaha dheellitirnaanta waa loo siman yahay ilaa 1.

sal-dhigida ee suurtogalka ah ee qiimaha dimensionless, kaas oo lagu qeexay sida ratio of tiro uniform. Si aad kuwa ka mid ah Wehliyaha ee khilaaf, sida la og yahay, waa saamiga xoog frictional in ciidamada cadaadiska caadiga ah.

SHAXDA tiro jirka oo ka soo jeeda aasaasiga ah

magaca unit	measurand	formula cabbir ah
Joule	tamarta	kg0m 2 0s -2
Pascal	cadaadiska	kr0 m -1 -2 0C
Tesla	induction magnetic	0A 0C kg -1 -2
volt	danab	2 kg 0d 0s 0s -1 -3
Ohm	caabin korontada	2 kg 0d 0s 0s -3 -2
surto	lacag Electric	A0 la
watt	xoog	2 kg 0s 0d -3
Farad	permittance	0kg -2 m -1 0c 4 0A 2
Joule per Kelvin	awoodda kulaylka	2 kg 0d 0s -1 -2 0K
Becquerel	Waxqabadka walax shucaaca	-1 C
Weber	daadanayo magnetic	0kg 0s 2 m 0s -1 -2
Henry	inductance	0kg 0s 2 m 0s -2 -2
Hertz	inta jeer	-1
Gray	dose nuugo	2 m 0s -1
Sievert	dose shucaaca u dhiganta	2 m 0s -2
raaxada	light	m -2 -2 0kd 0sr
Lumen	daadanayo iska Ifto Yuuna	0sr cd
Newton	Xoog, miisaanka	0kg m 0s -2
Siemens	conductivity korontada	0kg -1 m -2 0s 3 0A 2
Farad	permittance	0kg -2 m -1 0c 4 0A 2

unugyada Common

Isticmaalka qiimaha taariikhiga ah ee aan SI ama ku kala duwan yihiin oo keliya by factor tirsi, waxa ay ku xiran yahay qiimaha cabbirka. Tani Common Units. Tusaale ahaan, mmHg, X-ray, iyo kuwa kale.

The horgalaha tiro isticmaalo hordhaca ah ee xaddi badan oo submultiple. Horgale u dhigma tirada gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan waa centi-, Hilaadinta, Deca, mega- iyo kuwo kale oo badan.

1 kilomitir = 1000 mitir,

1 cm = 0.01 m.

ekaysiinta qiyamka

Ina keena aynu isku dayaan in ay sheeg qaar ka mid ah muuqaalada aasaasiga ah in laguu ogolaado in aad si ay u dejiyaan nooca qiimaha.

1. Direction. Haddii wax tallaabo ah ee tirada jirka ah si toos ah oo la xiriira jihada, waxa la yidhaahdaa waa dulinka ah, kale - scalar.

2. Joogitaanka aragti ah. Jiritaanka oo ka mid ah tiro jirka ah ee caanaha waxay fursad inuu iyaga ugu yeedho cabbir. Haddii in caanaha, cutubyada oo dhan waxay leeyihiin degree eber, ka dibna waxaa loo yaqaannaa dimensionless. Waxaa ka wanaagsan inuu u soo yeedho tiro ay la aragti ah loo siman yahay si 1. Ka dib markii fikradda tiro dimensionless caqli gal. hantida ugu weyn ee - aragti - ayaa la baajiyay!

3. By ku daray fursadaha. tiro daro, taas oo qiimaha lagu dari karaa, jaraa, by factor ah, iwm (tus, miisaanka) bateen - .. tiro A jirka, taas oo ah integrable.

4. In la xiriirta nidaamka jirka. Balaaran - haddii ay qiimaha la abuuri karaa ka qiyamka jimaynta ah. Tusaale waxaa ah meesha lagu cabiraa mitir oo laba jibbaaran. Intensive - qiimaha, taas oo qiimaha waa ka madax banaan nidaamka. Si aad kuwa ka mid ah heerkulka.