Trotsky Lev Davidovich: Biography, xigashooyin

August 21 ka dhigan 75 sano tan iyo maalintii Leon Trotsky la dilay. Biography ee kacaan this caanka ah waa si fiican u yaqaan. Laakiin waxaa saamayn ku xaaladdu soo socda, oo wuxuu noqday cadow, kaliya ma ahan kuwa u qalmeen loo arkaa in ay counter-kacaan - colka October ee kacaanka ee 1917 sano, laakiin sidoo kale kuwa isaga la diyaarinayo iyo qalab yihiin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isagu marnaba noqday an anti-communist, oo aan dib u eegis ku xiran hadafyada kacaan (ugu yaraan hore). Waa maxay sababta sida nasasho af leh taageerayaashiisa, kaas oo ugu danbeyn keentay in uu dhintay? Aynu wada isku day inaad hesho jawaabta su'aashan. Si aad u bilaabaan, waxaan ku soo bandhigaynaa CV ah.

Leon Trotsky: Biography kooban

Si kooban u sharax waa kuwo ku adag, laakiin weli isku dayaan. Dhashay Lev Bronstein (Trotsky) November 7 (kadis ah duwanyihiin oo timir ah, si fiican, sida aan ma rumaysan karo in falaga?) In 1879 oo qoyska ka mid ah nin oday ah oo qani ah oo Yuhuudi ah (ama halkii, LIISAN) ee Ukraine, tuulo yar, kuwaas oo hadda waa gobolka Kirovograd ah .

Study bilaabay in Odessa, isagoo jira da'da 9 sanno (la soco in our geesi tegey guri, sidii ilmo oo aan marnaba muddo dheer ma soo laaban in ay), waxa ay sii waday in 1895-1897. in Nikolaev, marka hore dugsiga dhab ah, ka dibna at University Novorossiysk ah, laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan uu joojiyay tababarka iyo muquurtay shaqada kacaan.

Haddaba, siddeed iyo toban sano - goobaabin ugu horeysay ee dhulka hoostiisa ah sagaal iyo toban - xiray ugu horeysay. Laba sano oo xabsiyada kala duwan lagu hayo, guurka ugu horeysay ee la isku, sida uu soo dhameystiray Aleksandroy Sokolovskoy si toos ah Butyrskaya (humanism cod maamulka Ruush!), Markaas link ee Gobolka Irkutsk waa inuu naagtiisa iyo walaalkiis-in la (humanism weli waa action). Halkan Trotskiy Lev ma lumin waqti in aan micne lahayn - isaga iyo A. Sokolov u dhashay laba gabdhood, wuxuu ku hawllan yahay saxaafadda, daabacay wargeyska Irkutsk, dhowr articles dibadda qaac.

Waa maxay soo socota waa safar dheer oo awaaley iyo dokumentiga been magaca Trotsky u baxsado, (sida ay u markhaatifuridda Lva Davidovicha, wuxuu ahaa magaca mid ka mid ah saraakiishii oo xabsi ah Odessa ka, oo magiciisiina wuxuu u muuqday mid carcarara si melodious in uu soo jeediyey iyada u samaynta baasaboorka been ah) si ay London ka.

our geesi waxaa ka soo raacdey bilowga ugu horreeya ee xisbiga Congress labaad (1902), kaas oo waxaa jiray kala caanka ah ee u dhexeeya Bolsheviks iyo Mensheviks ah. Halkanna wuxuu noqday ogyahay Lenin, kuwaas oo amaanay tayo suugaanta Trotsky iyo isku dayeen in ay soo galaan in golaha tafatirka ee wargeyska "Iskra".

Ka hor inta kacaanka ugu horeysay ee Russian , Trotsky Lev qaaday boos siyaasadeed oo aan degganayn, oscillating dhexeeya Bolsheviks iyo Mensheviks ah. muddo Tani waa kii labaad ee ay guurka la Nataley Sedovoy, uu soo gebogebeeyay, ma furay naag ka ugu horeysay. guurka Tani waxa ay ahayd mid aad u dheer, oo N. Sedova waxaa isaga la jiray ilaa dhimashadiisii.

1905 - inta lagu guda jiro u kaca ah oo aan caadi ahayn oo degdeg ah siyaasadda of our geesi. Imaanshaha ee qeexnayn ka dib markii dhiig Sunday Petersburg, Lev Davidovich abaabulan ee Soviet St. Petersburg oo noqday ku xigeenka ugu horeysay guddoomiyaha, Sudee Nosar (crystal alias - qareen, Yukreeniyaan ah, hooyo a of Poltava, kuwaas oo lagu toogtay 1918 on tilmaamaha gaarka ah ee Trotsky), iyo ka dib la qabtay, oo ah guddoomiyaha. Markaas, dhamaadka sanadka - xiray, in 1906 - Maxkamadda oo loo gudbiyo gobolka mugdiga (aagga of Salekhard hadda) weligiis.

Laakiin Trotskiy Lev qudhiisu uusan noqon lahaa haddii laguu oggol yahay in uu iska soo aaso nool Dhuldhoobo ah. On habka ay u link wuxuu ka dhigaa baxsado ku dhiirato iyo habka keli ah iyada oo loo marayo kala bar Russia dibadda.

Tan waxaa ku xiga muddo dheer xidhnaa ilaa 1917. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan, Lev Davidovich bilaabo iyo gana badan oo mashaariic siyaasadeed, daabacdaa dhowr wargeysyada, dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee jidadka isku dayaya inay soo galaan a in dhaqdhaqaaqa kacaan sida mid ka mid ah qabanqaabiyeyaasha ay. Waxa aanu qaadan dhinac midna Lenin, mana Mensheviks waqtiga oo dhan ku kala duwan yihiin waxa u dhaxeeya, Xeelaysanayn, isku dayayaan in ay heshiiyaan baal dooda dimuqraadiyadda bulshada. Waxa uu si ba'an isku dayaya in ay qaataan jagada hoggaanka in dhaqdhaqaaqa Ruush kacaan ah. Laakiin ma uusan guulaysan, iyo 1917 waa ku xadad nolosha siyaasadeed, taas oo horseedaysa in fikirka Trotsky inuu ka tago Europe iyo in ay isku dayaan uu nasiib ku America.

Halkan ayuu hordhaca ah aad u xiiso badan ee wareegyada kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan dhaqaalaha, taasoo u ogolaatay inuu u yimaado si ay Russia ka dib markii Revolution February ah, ee May 1917, sida iska cad aan la meelo ka madhan. guddoominayay hore ee Soviet Petrograd isaga xaqiijisatay booskeeda kaalinta a in reincarnation cusub ee hay'adda, iyo awoodaha maaliyadeed si ay cadaadis madaxda Golaha cusub, kaas oo hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Trotsky galaa halgan waayo, xoog Dowladda Ku-meelgaarka ah.

Waxa uu ugu danbeyn (September 1917), ku biiray Bolsheviks iyo ahaa qofka labaad ee xisbiga iyo Lennin oo ah. Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Stalin, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Sokolnikov iyo Bubnov - in toddobada xubnood ee hore ee kadago, taas oo la aasaasay 1917 si ay u maareeyaan Revolution Bolshevik ah. Isla mar ahaantaana waxa uu ahaa 20 September 1917 oo ahaa guddoomiyaha Soviet Petrograd ah. Dhammaan shaqada wax ku ool ah oo ku saabsan ururka ee Kacaanka Oktoobar iyo ilaalinta in toddobaadyada ugu horeeya ee xoogga Soviet - shuqulka Lva Trotskogo.

In 1917-1918. isna wuxuu u adeegay Revolution ah, marka hore sida commissar Dadka arrimaha debedda, oo kadibna aasaasihii iyo Taliyaha Ciidanka Cas ee booska uu ka commissar Dadka ee Military iyo Bada Arrimaha. Trotskiy Lev ahaa xubin muhiim ah in guusha ee Bolsheviks ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye Ruush (1918-1923 GG.). Waxa uu sidoo kale xubin ka ahaa isku mid (1919-1926 GG.) Of Bureau Siyaasadda ee Xisbiga Bolshevik ah.

Ka dib guuldaradii ka mid ah Mucaaradka Bidixda, taas oo keentay in halgan aan qummanaynu ka gees ah u kaca ee Iosifa Stalina iyo siyaasadaha uu sannadkii 1920 loogu talagalay doorka sii kordhaya ee xafiisyada ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, Trotsky ayaa laga saaray awood (October 1927), ka xisbiga shuuciga ah (November 1927 eryey ) iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti (February 1929) laga eryo.

Maadaama uu madaxa ka mid ah Afraad International, Trotsky, in maxaabiis ahaan ayuu sii waday in ay iska caabin ah xafiisyada ku Stalin ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. On amar Stalin ee, lagu dilay Mexico bishii August 1940, Ramon Mercader, wakiilka ah Soviet asal ahaan Isbaanish.

fikradaha Trotsky ayaa sal u noqonaya Trotskyism, jihada weyn oo fikirka Markis, taas oo ka soo horjeeda aragtida ah ee Stalinism. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa tirooyinka siyaasadeed Soviet yar oo aan la dayactiray hoos dowladda Nikity Hruscheva 1960 ahaa, ama inta lagu guda jiro "Gorbachev ee" perestroika. In 1980, buugaagta uu la sii daayay, waayo, daabacaadan ee Midowga Soofiyeeti.

Kaliya ee post-Soviet Russia uu dayactirey iyo Leon Trotsky. Uu Biography waxaa cilmi-baaris oo ay qoreen qaar ka mid ah taariikhyahanadu si fiican u yaqaan, oo ay ku jiraan, tusaale ahaan, Dmitry Volkogonov. Waxaan ma muujin doonaa si faahfaahsan, iyo falanqaynta qaar ka mid ah boggaga soo xulay oo keliya.

The asal ahaan of formation of qof in uu carruurnimada (1879-1895 sannad xisaabeedka).

Si aad u fahamto asalka ah ee formation of shakhsiyadda of our geesi, waxaad u baahan tahay in la qaato aragti dhaw at meesha Leon Trotsky waxa uu ku dhashay. Waxa uu ahaa meelaha gudaha ee Ukraine, meesha beeraha Prairie, taas oo la mid ah oo weli. Oo waxa ay ku sameeyeen Bronstein qoyska Yuhuudda, aabbihiis, David L., kuwaas oo ka Poltava, hooyo, Anna jeedaa, ka Odessa, carruurtooda (1850-1910 sannad xisaabeedka) (1847-1922 GG.).? The la mid ah sida qoyska oo kale oo ganacsade meelahaas - kasbadeen caasimadda miirashada arxan darada ahaa ee yaroow Yukreeniyaan. By waqtiga dhalashada geesi ah oo uu waxna qorin our (naftaada hubi xaqiiqda!) Aabbaha nool, dhab ahaantii, oo colal ku shisheeyayaal on dhalashadiisa iyo maskaxda dadka hore u leedahay estate ah dhowr boqol oo hektar oo dhul ah oo dhagax wax uumi ah. Waxaa dib u xootay daraasiin beertiisa.

Miyuu oo dhan of this xasuusinayaa wax ku akhristaha of nolosha planters ah, Boers ee Koonfur Afrika, halkaas oo kaliya halkii madow Kaffirs ingagagan Ukraine? Halkan jawi iyo sameeyay qof oo ka mid ah wax yar Levy Bronshteyna. saaxiibada No, facooda ama kulan wiilasha taxadar la'aan iyo dheel dheel ah, guriga mid ka mid ah ganacsade caajiso, oo fiiriyaa on top of the beertiisa Yukreeniyaan. Waxaa ka soo xididdada carruurnimada uu dareenka sii kordhaya ee ka sarreeyaan dadka kale, taas oo ah sifo aasaasiga ah ee Trotsky.

Iyo inay isaga u noqon caawiye inay istaahilaan inay aabbihiis, laakiin, nasiib wanaag, hooyadiis isagoo naag yar waxbarasho (ka Odessa ka dib oo dhan), markii uu dareemay in wiilkeedii oo awood u leh in ka badan dhiig-miirashada si caddaalad ah toos ah shaqada ridayeen, oo shaaca ka qaaday in uu u soo diray inaad wax ka barato Odessa (ku nool guriga ee qaraabada). Hoos waxaad ka arki kartaa sida ilmo yar ahaan jiray Leon Trotsky (photo muujiyey).

geesiga bilaabmin si ay u muujiyaan shakhsiyadda (1888-1895 sannad xisaabeedka).

In Odessa, our geesi waxaa ku qoran dugsi farsamo ee kootada ah oo la qoondeeyay carruurta Yuhuudda. Odessa ka dibna waxay ahayd magaalo nool magalo dekedda, aad u kala duwan oo ka soo magaalooyinka Ruush iyo Yukreeniyaan caadiga ah ee waqtiga. The filimada serial Sergeya Kolosova "Split" (waxaan ku talinaynaa in ay daawadaan in cid kasta oo danaysa taariikhda Revolution Ruush ah), waxaa jira goobta halkaas oo Lenin ee 1902 ee London buuxinaayo cararay ka masaafuriyey horeysay Trotsky oo xiiso aragti ah in uu ka dhigay caasimadda ah ee UK. Waxa uu sheegay in dareenkaa u badan waxaa soo saaray Odessa ka dib markii laga soo gudbo go'an miyi, waxa suurtogal aheyn in ay la kulmaan waa.

Leo barto wanaagsan, oo dhan sano ee isku xigta ay noqoto arday ugu horeysay on koorsada. In ka-qorka ee saffarro, wuxuu u muuqdaa nin aad u hami, ku dadaalaya Fadilmo ku wareegsan u kala ka ardayda. By qaangaarnimada Leo jirsado galay nin soo jiidasho leh oo dhallinyaro ah, kuwaas oo ay joogaan waalidka hodanka ah oo dhan albaabada ee nolosha waa in ay furan. Sida Leon Trotsky ku noolaa (sawir isaga ah in muddada daraasadda waxaa hoos)?

jacaylkaagii hore

Trotsky ay qorsheyneyso inaad wax ka barato jaamacadda Novorossiysk. Si taas, oo uu ku wareejiyay Nikolayev, halkaas oo uu dhammeeyey ugu dambeeya ee dugsiga sare. Waxa uu ahaa 17 sano jir ah, oo uu xitaa ma ka fikirtay waxqabad kasta kacaan. Laakiin, nasiib daro, wiilal milkiilaha guri ayaa waxay ahaayeen hantiwadaagnimadu, ay jiido ardayga dugsiga sare in uu wareegga, taas oo ka hadlaysaa suugaanta kala duwan kacaan - ka idink si Markis ah. Waxaa ka mid ah xubno ka mid ah wareegga waxa uu ahaa iyo A. Sokolovskaya, ayaa dhawaan ka qalin koorsooyinka umuliso in Odessa. Sida Trotsky ka badan lix sano, iyadu ayaa wacdarro dhigay tirtiri karin isaga. Oo raba in ay muujiyaan off aqoon in shayga of rabitaankiisa, Leo xoog ku hawlan barashada aragtiyaha kacaan. Waxaa trick ka ciyaaray isaga, laga bilaabo waqti, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa marna laga takhaluso shaqo this.

dhaqdhaqaaqa Kacaanka iyo xabbis (1896-1900 sannad xisaabeedka).

Sida muuqata, nin hami dhallinyarada si lama filaan ah xaqiiqsadeen - sababtoo ah waxa ay isku mid ka, wax aad taas oo aad uga sooco kartaa noloshaada taasoo keeni karto sharafta heel. Wada jir ah ula Sokolovskaya, Trotsky muquurtay shaqada kacaan, waraaqo daabacaadda, waxay keenaysaa kacsanaan Social Democratic dhexdooda shaqaalaha shipyards Nikolaev, abaabulay Ururka "Shaqaalaha Ruush South '.

Bishii Janaayo 1898, in ka badan 200 oo ka tirsan ururka, oo ay ku jiraan Trotsky, ayaa la xiray. Waxa uu labada sano ee soo socda ku qaatay xabsi sugaya maxkamad - marka hore in Nikolaev, ka dibna Kherson, Odessa ka dibna Moscow. The xabsiga Butyrka , ayuu wuxuu yimid dalka xiriir la kacaan kale. Waxaa marka hore uu maqlay oo ku saabsan Lenin iyo akhriyey buuggiisa "The Development of shuuciyad ee Russia", si tartiib ah u noqoto dhabta ah Markis ah. Labo bilood ka dib markii uu xabsi (1-3 March 1898), ee hore ee Congress cusub ee la aasaasay of Social-Democratic Party shaqada Ruush (RSDLP). Tan iyo Trotsky laftiisa lagu qeexaa sida xubin ka mid ah.

guurka ugu horeysay

Aleksandra Sokolovskaya (1872-1938 GG.) Waayo, in muddo ah ka hor inta aan soo diray maxaabiis ahaan ayaa lagu xiray xabsiga isla Butyrskaya ee Moscow, halkaas oo uu joogay wakhtigaas iyo Trotsky. Kolkaasuu wuxuu iyada ku qoray warqad ka taataabtay, oo dawarsanayay, in ay ku heshiiyaan in ay isaga guursato. Tellingly, waalidiinta iyo maamulka xabsiga iyada oo ay taageerayaan lover ah sintaan Haweejkiinna dhexdooda, laakiin lamaanahan ayaa si xoogan soo horjeeda Bronstein - sida muuqata dareemay in ay tahay in ay caruurtooda ku koriyaan sida aan lagu kalsoonaan karin (ee maalin kasta dareen) waalidiinta. Hase yeshe, aabbihiis iyo hooyadiis, Trotsky weli guursadaa Sokolov. xaflad aroos lagu qabtay wadaadkii Yuhuudda.

The Hijrooday ee Siberian marka hore (1900-1902 sannad xisaabeedka).

In 1900 ayaa lagu xukumay afar sano oo maxaabiis ahaan gobolka Irkutsk ee Siberia. Sababo la xiriira guurka, Trotsky iyo xaaskiisa waxaa loo ogol yahay si ay u degaan hal meel. Iyadoo la raacayo, labada nin waxaa loo musaafuriyay tuulada Ust-Kut. Halkan waxay lahaa laba gabdhood: (. 1901-1933 GG) Zinaida iyo Nina (. 1902-1928 GG).

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si ay u sii dabiiciga ah sida firfircoon, sida Lev Davidovich, isaga ag Sokolov ku guuldareystay. Ku guuleystay Outcomes gaar ah sabab ku qoran articles tixraaca iyo cadaabi harraad tallaabo, Trotsky siinayaa naagtiisa ku garanaynaa inuu isagu ma joogi karaan xarumaha nolosha siyaasadeed ee iska. Sokolovskaya meekly ogolaado. In xagaagii 1902 Leo waddaa ka Siberia - first on qarsoon hoos baabuur hay in Irkutsk ah, ka dibna la baasaboor been abuurtay magaca Lva Trotskogo by rail in soohdimaha Empire Ruush ah. Alexander dambe ka baxsaday Siberia iyadoo wadata labadii gabdhood.

Leon Trotsky iyo Lenin

Ka dib markii looga baxsan karo ka Siberia, inta uusan u dhaqaaqin London si uu ugu biiro Plekhanov, Vladimir Lenin, Chaposhinkov iyo tafatirayaasha kale wargeyska Lenin ee "Iskra". Under anagu ee "Pen" Trotsky ugu dhakhsaha badan u noqday mid ka mid ah qorayaasha ay keentay.

Dhamaadkii 1902, Trotsky kulmay Nataley Ivanovnoy Sedovoy, kuwaas oo ugu dhakhsaha badan noqday saaxiibkiis, iyo 1903 ilaa dhimashadiisii - naagtiisa. Waxay lahaa 2 carruur ah: (. 1906-1938 GG) Lva Sedova iyo Sergei Sedov (March 21, 1908 - October 29, 1937), labada wiil intii aan waalidkood dhinteen.

Isla mar ahaantaana, muddo cadaadis booliska qarsoodi iyo wareer gudaha raacay Congress koowaad ee RSDLP ee 1898 ka dib, "ayuu dhimbiil" aysan awoodin in ay isugu shirweynaha 2aad ee London bishii August 1903. Trotsky oo kale Iskra-ists ka qeyb qaatay waxa ku jira.

ergooyinka Congress ayaa lagu kala qaybiyey laba kooxood. Lenin iyo Bolsheviks u yeedhay xisbiga yar, laakiin hadda aad u abaabulan, iyo Chaposhinkov iyo taageerayaasha-ka Mensheviks damcay inuu abuuro urur weyn iyo asluubta ka yar. Qaababkaasi waxay ka tarjumayaan kala duwan oo ujeedooyin ay. Haddii Lenin doonayay in la abuuro Koox ka mid ah kacaan xirfadeed ee halganka ka dhanka dhulka hoostiisa -Raaxaysta- ah, ka dibna Chaposhinkov doonayay xisbiga nooca Yurub la il hababka baarlamaanka ee halganka ka dhanka ah dowladda Saarka.

Isla mar ahaantaana shurako dhow Lenin ayaa soo bandhigay yaab leh. Trotsky iyo tafatirayaasha ugu "Sparks" ayaa lagu taageeray by Chaposhinkov iyo Mensheviks halka Plekhanov - Lenin iyo Bolsheviks ah. Waayo, Lenin, khiyaanay Trotsky uu ahaa dhabar jab xoog leh oo lama filaan ah waxa uu Yuudas la odhan jiray ee la soo dhaafay oo sida muuqata marna u dhaafay.

Inta lagu jiro 1903-1904 sannad xisaabeedka. xubno badan oo xisbiyadii ay u guureen dhinaca kale. Sayidka, Plekhanov ugu dhakhsaha badan qaybsadeen la Bolsheviks ah. Trotsky sidoo kale tagay Mensheviks ee September 1904 iyo xitaa isaga laftiisa loo yaqaan "non-kooxaha bulshada dimuqraadiga" ilaa 1917, isku dayayaan in ay heshiisiiyo kooxaha kala duwan ee xisbiga, oo sababtay in ka qaybqaatay dagaallo badan oo la Lenin iyo xubnaha kale ee caanka ah ee RSDLP ah.

Sidee shakhsi si Lenin Lev Trotsky daaweeyaa? Quotes ka waraaqo la Chkheidze Menshevik ku cad sifaha xiriirkooda. Sidaas darteed, March 1913, wuxuu qoray: "Lenin ... exploiter xirfadle ah backwardness kasta ee dhaqdhaqaaqa shaqaalaha Ruush '... dhismaha oo dhan Leninism waxaa hadda la dhisay on been iyo been iyo orso oo sun bilaabi uu suuska u gaar ah ..."

Later, inta lagu guda jiro halganka waayo, xoog, wuu soo xusuusan doonaa hesitations oo dhan ku saabsan koorsada guud ee xisbiga, la siiyo by Lenin. Hoos waxaad ka arki kartaa waxa ay ahayd Trotskiy Lev Davidovich (photo by Lenin).

Revolution (1905)

Sidaas daraaddeed, in aan ogaado oo ku saabsan shakhsiyadda of our geesi oo dhan ayaa weli ma aad sasabasho ku tilmaamay. Tayadiisa suugaanta iyo saxaafadda oo muuqda barbareeyay hamiga daran, marin, hadayana jirin (xusuuso A. Sokolowski hadhay Siberia la laba gabdhood oo dhallinyaro ah). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xilligii kacaankii ugu horeysay ee Russian, Trotsky si lama filaan ah u muuqato in hab cusub - sida nin aad u geesi ah, codkar ah oo aad u fiican, inay awoodaan inay u guban tacsida sida ay qabanqaabiyaha cajiib ah. Imaanshaha ee May 1905 ee karaya kacaan St. Petersburg, kolkiiba ayuu gobays gelin qarada waaweyn oo wax, uu noqdo xubin firfircoon ee Soviet Petrograd ah, ku qoray daraasiin articles, waraaqo, waxay u taagan tahay in hore ee tamarta kacaan badnaa electrified hadallo ololaysa. Muddo ka dib, wuxuu ahaa guddoomiye ku-xigeenka Golaha ah, waa si firfircoon ugu lug diyaarinta joojinta October siyaasadda guud. Ka dib markii muuqaalka kore ee Bayaanka Tsar ee October 17, kaas oo dadka xuquuqda siyaasadeed la siiyo, si xoog leh waxa ay ka soo horjeeda, ku baaqaya in la sii wado kacaanka.

Marka ciidamada baliiska ee la qabtay Hrustaleva-Nosara Landau taagan meeshiisii, diyaarinta guuto ah shaqaalaha dagaal ', ciidanka saamaynta mustaqbalka ee kacdoonka hubaysan ka dhanka ah -Raaxaysta- ah. Laakiin bilowgii December 1905 in xukuumaddu ay go'aansatay in ay kala eryaan Golaha iyo xadhigga ku xigeenadiisa. Absolutely sheeko cajiib ah wuxuu dhacaa waqtiyada soo xiro markii askari oo bilays ah jabsaday Petrograd qolka Soviet, iyo guddoominaya Trotsky ciidanka sheer doonistiisa iyo qancinta santuuq iyaga in muddo ah ka baxsan albaabka, jidaynayey dhagaystayaasha ay u diyaar garoobaan, in la burburiyo qaar ka mid ah khatar ku dukumentiyada ay, in laga takhaluso hubka. Laakiin xiro ma dhacaan, iyo Trotsky waa markii labaad oo xabsi a Ruush, waqtigan ee St. Petersburg ", iskutallaabtiisana".

baxsado labaad ka Siberia

Biography Lva Davidovicha Trotskogo laga buuxiyay la dhacdooyinka cad. Laakiinse hawl ma aha in ay soo jeedinta faahfaahsan. Waxaan nafteena xaddido in ay ka dhacdo dhalaalaya yar, taas oo inta badan si cad u muujin qof ee our geesi. Waxaa ka mid ah taariikhda, ee la xidhiidha tixraac labaad Trotsky in Siberia.

Markan, sano ah oo xarig ah ka dib markii (in kasta oo ay xaaladaha arrin fiican, oo ay ku jiraan helitaanka wixii suugaanta iyo saxaafadda) Lev Davidovich lagu xukumay masaafuriyey weligeed ah ee Arctic ah, ee degmada Obdorsk (hadda Salekhard). Ka hor inta uusan, buu u dhiibay doonista warqad sagootin ah ereyada ah: "Waxaan ka tagay rumaysad ah oo qoto dheer in guusha deg deg ah dadkii uu cadaawayaashiisa oo qadiimi ah. Long ku nool proletariat ah! hantiwadaagga Long live caalamiga ah! "

Waxaa shaki la'aan, in uusan diyaar buu u ahaa muddo sanado ah si ku Dhuldhoobo Arctic waxay ku fadhiistaan, in qaar ka mid ah guryaha aheyn oo filan kacaanka badbaadada. Intaa waxaa dheer, nooca kacaanka la hadli kartaa, haddii aadan ka qayb it in isaga qudhiisa?

Sidaa darteed, sida kaliya ee soo baxay, waayo, wuxuu ahaa baxsado degdeg ah. Marka kolonyo ka mid ah maxaabiista gaaray Birch (si fiican u yaqaan in Russia meel xidhnaa, halkaas oo inta kale ee naftiisa, hore degan Sarreeyayaal Prince Alexander Menshikov uu ku qaatay), taas oo ahayd hab iyo ilaa xagga woqooyi, Trotsky iska weerarka ee soo ronaanayaa ba'an. Waxa uu xaqiijiyey in uu ka tagay la labo ka mid ah ciidamada baliiska ee Berezovo in ay dib u soo kabashada. Khiyaaneeyey ay feejignaan, uu ku egyahay ee magaalada iyo si aad u dejinta ugu dhow Khanty. Waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah kirooyinkeeda oo cajiib ah jidka iyo Deerada on Dhuldhoobo baraf qariyey (ficilka meel January 1907), ku dhawaad kun kiiloomitir u dhaco si Mountains Ural ah, oo ay la socdaan kaari-Hunt. Iyo helitaanka qaybta Yurub ee Russia, Trotsky si fudud u gudubtaa (ha iloobin in 1907 waa sanadkii, sida ay tahay, in xukuumaddu ku xidhan Luquntooda, "neckties Stolypin") iyo waa in Finland, halkaas oo uu u guuray Europe.

Waxaa si ammaan ah u dhameystirtay isaga, sidaas si la hadasho, quudhin, inkastoo khatarta oo uu isaga qudhiisu qaawan, uu ahaa cajiib ah sare. Waxa si fudud wareemaan yaabaa mindi ama stun iyo tuur barafka inay hakiso, damcay inta ka dhiman lacagtii la joogi jiray. Oo waxay noqon lahaa dilka Lva Trotskogo aan ku sameeyey 1940, laakiin sano ka hor. Waxa aan jeclaan lahaa ayaa ka dhacay haddii aan u kaca heer sare ah ee sano ee kacaanka, mana raacay oo dhan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, taariikhda iyo qaddar ee Laawiyiintii Davidovich haddii kale go'aansaday - nasiib wanaag isaga, laakiin waa u hoog-qaba Russia, iyo dalkiisa, oo aan ka yarayn.

fal ugu danbeysay ee riwaayadaha nolosha

Bishii Agoosto 1940, dunida ayaa faafin warar sheegaya in Leon Trotsky dilay Mexico, halkaas oo uu ku noolaa sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa. In ay ahayd dhacdo ee heerka dunida? Waxaa uu shaki ku jiro. Waayo, ku dhawaad sanad, maadaama ay ka adkaadeen Poland iyo laba bilood ayaa ka soo wareegtay tan iyo dayrta ee France. dab dagaalka, Shiinaha iyo Indochina Saciira. Feverishly diyaarinaya dagaal USSR.

Sidaas, ka taageerayaasha dhowr ka mid ah xubnaha International afaraad ku aasaasay by Trotsky oo cadaawayaashiinna badan, maamulka Soviet iyo dhamaanayey inta badan siyaasiyiinta adduunka ee marka laga reebo, dhimashada dad yar uga hadashay. Wargeyska The "Pravda" saaray war bixinta tacsi ah content is disho duugay by Stalin isaga iyo Nacayb cadaawayaashiinna dilay buuxiyey.

Waxaa la tilmaamayaa in Trotsky isku dayeen in ay si joogta ah u dilaan. Waxaa ka mid ah gacankudhiiglayaasha iman kara calaamadsan oo xataa kuwa waaweyn artist Mexico Siqueiros ah, kuwaas oo ka qayb qaatay weerarkii lagu qaaday Villa Trotsky ee Mexico la koox ka mid ah communists xagjir ah oo si shakhsi ah la sii daayay sariirta madhan Lva Davidovicha dab darandoorriga ah, ka warqabin in uu ku dhuumanayo ee iyada ka hooseeyey. Markaas rasaas ka gudbay.

Laakiin waxa lagu dilay Lva Trotskogo? Waxa ugu yaab leh waa in qalab this ma ahaa hubka dil - qabow ama rasaas ah, oo caadiga ah baraf-faas, qaado yar, by climbers isticmaalaa marka la koro. Oo waxaan ku dhawri gacmaha wakiilka NKVD ee Ramon Merkador, nin dhallinyaro ah oo hooyadiis ahayd ka qaybgale firfircoon Dagaalkii Sokeeye Isbaanish ah. In shuuciga xagjir ah, ayay ku eedeeyay guuldaradii Jamhuuriyadda Spanish taageerayaasha Trotsky ee, kuwaas oo, inkasta oo ay ku lug leeyihiin dagaalka sokeeye dhinaca ciidamada Jamhuuriga, laakiin way diideen inay u dhaqmaan si waafaqsan siyaasadda, dhigay Moscow. xukun Tan waxaa loo dhiibay in wiilkiisa, oo noqday aalad dhabta ah ee dilka.