Yaa dunida ugu horeysay kormeer: duulaan Magellan

Weydii wax ku saabsan arday oo hore dunida kormeeray, oo waxaad maqli doontaa: ". Dabcan, Magellan" Oo dadkii oo yar bilaabaan inay shaki erayadaas. Laakiin Magellan abaabulay duulaan, waxa ay si toos ah, oo buuxi dhoofkanu lahaan kari waayeen. Sidaas oo ahaa Navigator ugu horeeyay ee circumnavigate caalamka?

Magellan ee Safarka

In 1516, Nin sharaf ah dahsoon Ferdinand Magellan in Manuel Portuguese King aan la yimid fikradda ah in ay fuliso qorshaha of Columbus - si ay u gaaraan Islands Spice ah, sida la odhan jiray ka dibna Moluccas ah, xagga galbeed. Sida aan ognahay, Columbus ka dibna "reebay" America, taas oo uu u muuqday inuu ku, wuxuu u maleeyey oo ka mid ah jasiiradaha koonfur bari Asia.

Waqtigaas, tababaraha reer Portugal ayaa ka dhigay shiraaca in gasiiradaha xiray bariga, laakiin Goldogob Africa iyo gudbaya badweynta Hindiya. Sidaa darteed, qaab cusub oo lagu jasiiradaha, kuwaas oo waxaa la aan loo baahnayn.

History soo noqnoqda laftiisa lagu jees jeesay by King Manuel Magellan ayaa tegey boqorka, Isbaanish iyo helaa uu ogolaansho in uu abaabulo duulaan ku.

September 20, 1519 raxan ka mid ah shan doonniyo waxay ka dekedda Isbaanish of San Lucar de Barrameda dhoofay.

satalayt Magellan

mid ka mid No Murmi xaqiiqda taariikheed in safar ugu horeysay ee adduunka oo dhan ka dhigay duulaan uu hoggaaminayo Magellan. On the Dhabahaan buu jidka duulaan lama filaan ah tan ogaada oo erayada Pigafetta, kaasoo lagu hayaa diiwaanka wakhtigii safarka oo dhan. ka qaybgalayaasha in ay ahaayeen labadii sirkaal, ayaa dhowr jeer booqday jasiiradaha xiray Bariga: Barbosa iyo Serrano.

Iyo gaar ahaan xilli Magellan qaatay addoon - Malay Enrique. Waxa uu la qabsaday in Sumatra iyo muddo dheer si daacad ah u adeegeen Magellan. On duulaan inuu door turjumaan markay gaadheen Islands Spice ah.

Koorsada ah duulaan ku

Isagoo u waayay wakhti badan si ay u soo gudbaan Badweynta Atlaantik , oo dhex mari Cidhiidhi dhagax ah dhuuban oo dheer iyada oo loo marayo, ka dib helay magaca Magellan, Socdaalba in Bad cusub yimid. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan, mid ka mid ah maraakiibta ku tiimbadeen, kan kalena wuxuu u tegey back to Spain. dhagarta la helay dhanka ah Magellan. Looga qabto maraakiibta ee u baahan dayactirka, iyo sahayda cuntada iyo biyaha la cabbo ayaa yaraatey.

Ocean yeedhay Pacific, marka hore la kulmay tailwind wanaagsan, laakiin ka dib wuxuu noqday taagta daran iyo ugu dambeyntii si buuxda hoos u dhintay. Dadka u diiday, cunto cusub, dhimanayaan ma aha oo kaliya gaajo, inkasta oo ay lahaayeen in ay cunaan iyo jiirka, iyo maqaarka daqal. Khatarta ugu weyn wuxuu ahaa kii cambaar qaba - duufaan oo dhan hageyaasha waqtiga.

Waxaa uun March 28, 1521 gaaray jasiiradaha, kuwaas oo deggan ula yaabay su'aalo Enrique, oo la hadlay afka hooyo ee uu ugu jawaabay. Taasi waxay keentay in Magellan iyo saaxiibbadiis oo soo gaaray gasiiradaha xiray Bariga, ayaa dhanka kale. Iyo in Enrique - socotada ugu horeysay u safreysa adduunka oo dhan! Oo isna wuxuu ku soo laabtay dalkiisa, ka socday dunida dacaladeeda.

End of duulaan

April 21, 1521 Magellan lagu dilay by gelintu in dagaalka sokeeye ee hoggaamiyayaasha maxalliga ah. Waxa saameyn aad u xun on isaga saaxiibbadiis ah, kuwaasi oo lagu qasbay in ay si fudud u baxsadaan ka jasiiradda.

Qaar badan oo ka mid ah nimankii ayaa ku dhintay ama ku dhaawacmay. Oo ka mid ah kooxda 265-qof ka tagay 150 oo kaliya, oo kaliya ku filan si ay u maareeyaan labo markab.

On gasiiradaha Tidore, ay awoodaan si ay u helaan qaar ka mid ah inteeda kale, buuxsama kaydka cuntada, in ay qaataan on dhir udgoon guddiga iyo ciid oo dahabka ahna waxaa.

On jidka dib ugu Spain tagnay kaliya markab "Victoria" qabatay Sebastian del Cano. Back to dekedda Lucar laabtay wadar ahaan 18 qof! Dadkani waa kuwii horreeyey waxaa la sameeyey safar adduunka oo dhan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, aan la magacyadooda sii raagayaan. Laakiin Captain del Cano iyo taariikhqorihii safarka Pigafetta yaqaan ma aha oo kaliya in ay taariikhyahanadu iyo geographers.

safar ugu horeysay ee Russian adduunka oo dhan

Head of duulaan dunida Ruush kowaad wuxuu ahaa Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern. dhoofkanu ka dhacay 1803-1806 GG.

Laba markab shiraac - "Hope" hoos amarka Kruzenshtern iyo "Neva" madax caawiyihiisa Yuri Fedorovich Lisyansky - ka Kronstadt August 7, 1803 yimid. Ujeedada ugu weyn ee ay ahayd in ay ka barato Pacific ah, iyo gaar ahaan afka Amur ah. Waxa daruuri ahayd in la ogaado meel la dhigto haboon Ruush Fleet Pacific iyo dariiqyada ugu fiican ee sahayda ay.

duulaan waxa uu ahaa oo keliya ma aha muhiimad weyn u formation of Fleet Pacific ah, laakiin sidoo kale waxey kaalin weyn in ay sayniska. jasiiradaha New ahaayeen helay, laakiin tirtiraa off map-ka ee badda tiro ka mid ah jasiiradaha aan jirin. Waa markii ugu horaysay bilaabay waxbarasho nidaamsan ee badda. Duulaan furay countercurrent Mezhpassatnye ee Pacific iyo badaha Atlantic, cabbiro heerkulka biyaha, salinity, go'aamiyo cufnaanta biyaha ... lahaa si aad u ogaato sababaha badda siyasad, aruurisay xog ku saabsan baddu iyo macluumaadka cimilada on maaddooyinka qaybaha kala duwan ee badaha.

aanlarabin weyn lagu sameeyey map-ka oo ka mid ah xeebta Bariga Fog Ruush ah Kuril Islands ah, Sakhalin, Kamchatka Peninsula. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay waxa ay ku riday qaar ka mid ah jasiiradaha Japan on.

Ka qaybgalayaasha ka mid ah duulaan iyo noqdaan kuwa ka mid ah Russia, kuwaas oo marka hore dunida kormeeray.

Laakiin in inta badan ee Russia, duulaan this waxaa lagu gartaa xaqiiqada ah in "Hope" baxay inuu Japan howlgalka ugu horeysay Ruush hogaaminayo Rezanov.

labaad Great (Facts Interesting)

The England Frensis Dreyk noqday qofka labaad ee circumnavigate caalamka ee 1577-1580 GG. Uu Galleon "Golden Hind" ayaa waxaa lagu qabtay ayaa markii ugu horeysay ka Ocean Atlantic cidhiidhsan duufaanka Pacific dambe la odhan jiray ka dib markii in. Jidka Tani waxaa loo arkaa inay adag ka sii badan intii ku Strait of Magellan ay sabab u tahay dabeylo joogto ah, floes baraf, isbedelka cimilada lama filaan ah. Drake ahaa ninkii ugu horeeyay ee dunida kormeeray, isagoo fekrado Cape Horn. Tan iyo markaas, waxaan ka mid ah ragga baxriyiinta ah iyo bilaabay xeerkii xiran hilqado dhegta. Haddii maray Gudbinta Drake ah, taasoo ka dhigeysa Cape Horn on xaq, sangeliskii, waxay ahayd in ay ku sugan dhegtiisa midig, iyo qeybsanaan.

Adeegyada uu, Frensis Dreyk Waxaa lagu Korolevoy Elizavetoy shakhsi ahaan. Waxay ahayd uu baahan yahay in laga adkaado kooxda reer Spain ay "Armada loogama badin".

In 1766, a Faransiis Zhanna Barre noqotay gabadhii ugu horeysay ee adduunka oo dhan u dhoofo. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, ayay bedelay nin oo helay markab Bougainville ah, wuxuu ku wareegay duulaan dunida, oo sidii anoo addoonkaaga ah. Marka aanay khiyaanada lagu soo dajiyey, in kasta oo ay dhammaan mudnaanta ay, Barre lagu beeray Mauritius ayay dib u noqdeen guriga on markab kale.

The safar Ruush labaad dunida dacaladeeda hoos imaanaya hoggaanka FF Bellingshausen iyo MP Lazarev caan ku tahay xaqiiqda ah in inta lagu guda jiro iyada Jacaylku la ogaaday in January 1820.