Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich: Biography gaaban ee carruurta

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich, Biography gaaban oo baarayaa manhajka - geneticist caanka ah, botanist a Ruush, geographer, aasaasaha cilmiga asalka ah ee dhirta kaymo, iyo saldhigyadii runta ah ee doorashada, bilaabaha abuurniinta of set ee hay'adaha cilmi-baarista sayniska, waxa uu ku dhashay ee Moscow on November 25, 1887. saynisyahan Ruush waxey kaalin muhiim ah qiimo in ay sayniska, kaas oo la aqoonsan yahay bayoolajiga adduunka oo dhan.

Xaraaradda dhirta laga soo bilaabo yaraantooda

Aabbaha Nicholas - Ivan Ilyich - waxay ka timaaddaa qoyska soo ridayeen a, wuxuu ahaa ganacsade ah Guild labaad, iyo ku hawlan hawlaha bulshada. Ka hor kacaankii keentay warshad manufactory "uninstall iyo Vavilov." Hooyo - Alexander M. - waxay ahayd gabadhii artist-xardha Prohovskoy manufactory. All in qoyska, waxaa jiray toddoba carruur ah, saddex ka mid ah kuwaas oo ku dhintay carruurnimada. walaalka ka yar saynisyahan mustaqbalka - Sergei Vavilov - naftiisa u physics, asaasay dugsiga Soviet sayniska ee optics jirka, ee 1945-1951 uu madax ku Academy of Sciences ee USSR dhigeen. walaashiis ka weyn Alexander doortay wadada caafimaad, inuu noqdo qabanqaabiyaha shabakadaha caafi Moscow. Lydia - walaasheed ka yar, bartay in ay biolojiste ah, inta lagu jiro mid ka mid ah sahamo ku qabtay furuqa iyo ku dhintay. Nikolai Vavilov, Biography gaaban waa mid xiiso leh in kooxo ka mid ah uu shaqada sayniska, ka duwan carruurta kale, carruurnimada ka ahayd jeclaan of dhirta iyo ugaarta oo ay leeyihiin nuglaato sare si ay cilmiga dabiiciga ah. hiwaayad Tani waxay gacan ka buugaag dhif ah, khariidado iyo herbarium lahaa maktabad weyn oo aabbihiis, iyo kor u formation of a genetics mustaqbalka.

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich: Biography gaaban ee carruurta

By doonista Nikolai Vavilov, aabbe u dhigta dugsi ganacsi. Marka ay dhamaystirka, ee 1906, wuxuu noqday arday ka mid ah Institute of Beeraha (garafyada Kuliyada) in Moscow. 1908 waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by duulaan ardayga on Transcaucasia iyo Waqooyiga Caucasus, halkaas oo N. Vavilov ah I., Biography kooban oo taas waxaa loo baahan yahay inaad wax ka barato manhajka, cilmi baaris juquraafi iyo botanical. In 1910 waxaa ka dhacay dhaqanka agronomical at Poltava saldhiga tijaabo ah, lacag Vavilov for shaqada badan dhala oo dheeraad ah.

Inta lagu jiro mudada waxbarasho ee dalalkaasi iyo machadka waxqabadka cilmi muujiyey Nicholas joogta ah; ardayga siiyey muxaadarooyin ku saabsan sidii abtiriskoodii ahaa ee dunida dhirta iyo tijaabooyin fataahadda, bandhigay sha ku saabsan dixiri jilicsan qaawan, dhaawac gobolka beereed Moscow. Waayo, shaqo this, Nikolai Vavilov waxaa la guddoonsiiyey Polytechnic Museum Moscow ee. Ka dib markii qalin-jabinta, nin dhallinyaro ah ayaa lala tagay si ay isugu diyaariyaan professorship a at the Department of Agriculture oo ka go'an in ay saldhigga taranta ee hay'adda, halkaas oo uu ka bilaabay waxbarashada si dhow ula kaymo dhirta difaac fangaska, dulin. Barbaro ah in ay this, Nikolay Ivanovich baray at Institute for Women iyo Beeraha.

Aqoon-aragnimo ah ee dhigooda Yurub

Laga soo bilaabo 1911 in 1912 uu lahaa uu internship at St. Petersburg, ujeedada taas oo ahayd dheeraad ah oo qoto-dheer sal-dhigida in juqraafiga ee badarka kaymo, bartaan sifooyinka iyo cudur, iyo in 1913 - safar dibadda si ay u dhamaystiraan waxbarashadooda. In Germany, Nikolai Ivanovich soo shaqeeyay in muddo ah in a shaybaarka Faylasuuf Jarmal iyo naturalist Ernsta Gekkelya, ee France ogyahay guulaha cusub oo ah farcankii taranta ee England, oo uu hoggaaminayo Professor William Bateson (Mid ka mid ah geneticists ugu weyn ee wakhtigaas), taas oo Vavilov tixgeliyo macallinkiisa, bartay xasiloonida cudurada of dalagga. Dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka sabab u ahayd shaqo kala go'do, oo Nikolai lahaa inuu ku laabto Moscow, halkaas oo uu ka soo kacay shuqulkii sii on daraasadda of difaac dhirta, samaynta tijaabo abaydinka iyo nawaaxigeeda wajihi doonta Professor Zhegalovym S. I.

Maxaad ku dhintay askari oo Ruush Faaris?

In 1916, Nikolai Vavilov helay shahaadada Masterka ka dib markii guul leh uga gudubto imtixaanka, isla muddadaas, waxay dhaafi adeeg ciidan ay sabab u tahay iin hortiisa (dhaawacmeen isha carruurnimada a), soo bixiyey sidii la taliyaha u ahaa arrimaha xanuunada mass in askari Faaris ciidanka Ruushka ee. Sababta oo ah cudurka ahaa awoodaan in ay aqoonsadaan Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich. Biography gaaban ee carruurta 2 qeexayaa fasalka in fuuleen bur ah oo gogo 'oo farcankii shiciirka fungus Stromantinia temulenta, soo saaraan walxo keeni kara khubad in nin - temulin ah dhimirka. Natiijadan ayaa waxa uu talaabo uu ahaa khasaaraha ka mid ah miyir, qallal, hurdo, iyo wareer; waxaa jiray suuragalka geeri. dhibaatadii loo xalliyay by mamnuucaya isticmaalka waxa ka sameysan degaanka; qodobada dhalmo bilaabay in Russia.

Ka dib markii la helo ogolaansho si ay u qabtaan hogaanka ciidamada duulaan ku, Vavilov qoto dheer galay Iran, gelinaya Ujeedada in la baaro noocyo ka mid ah dalagga gudaha. Beeridda abuurka ee sarreenka England reer Faaris, Nikolai isku dayay siyaabo kala duwan si ay iyada qaadsiin caariyaysi budada ah by codsanaya bacrimin nitrogen xitaa keenaya cudurka. All isku day lagu guuleeysan, dheehan saynisyahano soo gabagabeeyey in habka difaaca jirka ee dhirta waa si toos ah ay ku xidhan tahay shuruudaha deegaanka ee foomka asalka ah ee noocyada. Waxa ay ahayd inta lagu guda jiro duulaan this, Nikolai Ivanovich muuqday malo in sharciyada kala duwanaansho hidaha.

guuleysi shaqo

1917 waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by doorashada Vavilov ee caawiyeyaasha ah madaxa Waaxda Applied cilmi barasho dhir ee soo jeedinta Regel R. E. None of saynisyahano ka shaqeeyey difaac geedka, gaadhi kari waayeen inay theme furitaanka si dhow waqti isku mid ah inay si buuxda u muujiyo arrinta, sida Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich sameeyey. Biography gaaban ee carruurta inoo sheegayaa in sanadkii 1917 saynisyahan ku dhaqaaqay Saratov meesha ugu Koorsooyinka Sare ee Beeraha madax Department of taranta, genetics iyo beeraha ee gaarka loo leeyahay. Sida borofisar ka tirsan kulliyadda garafyada ka 1917 si ay u 1921 ee University Saratov, Vavilov ay barbar socdaan khudbado uu ku daray in daraasada tijaabo ahaasho dalagyada. Natiijada shaqadan weyn, taas oo ka mid ah daraasadda of dhowr boqol oo kala duwan oo ah qamadiga iyo boorashka, noocyo falanqaynta difaaca iyo nuglaato cudurka, daaha awoodooda jidh, ayaa noqday mid lagu daabacay 1919. allifaadda The "difaac ee dhirta si ay cudurrada faafa."

In 1920, ee cilmiga caan ka dhigay bandhig ku saabsan sharciga ee tirayn hidaha ee taxanaha homologous u Saddexaad All-Russia Congress, Guddiga Qaban-ka oo uu madax. Warbixinta ayaa waxa uu noqday dhacdo ee ugu weyn dunida ee sayniska noolaha, oo uu si wanaagsan u heleen bulshada sayniska.

Tijaabo, cilmi baarista, guulihii

In 1920, ka dib markii la doortay si ay u tiir kasta oo madax ka ah Department of Applied cilmi barasho dhir iyo Xulashada, Nikolai Vavilov, Biography gaaban kaas oo lagu qeexay buugaagta badan, wuxuu u dhaqaaqay Petrograd, halkaas oo uu bilaabay in si wayn si ay u qabtaan shaqada sayniska. Madaxa ururka, ugu danbeyn baxshay Institute All-Union of Plant Vavilov hadhay ilaa iyo dhamaadka 1940. Wada jir ah ula AA Yachevskim Nikolay Ivanovich loo diray Mareykanka halkaas oo wada xaajooday sahayda farcanka, baadhaya waqti isku mid ah meelaha hadhuudh-kordhaysa ee dhulalka Mareykanka,. On jidka dib saynisyahan a booqday Belgium, Holland, France, Sweden, England, halkaas oo uu ku qabtay tiro ka mid ah kulamo la saynisyahano, ayaa la kulmay xarumaha taranta iyo sheybaarrada cilmi, aasaasay xiriir cusub iyo diyaarin iibka qalabka sayniska, suugaanta iyo abuur tayo sare leh.

1923 waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by doorashada Nikolaya Ivanovicha Vavilova sida Agaasimaha Machadka State ee tijaabooyin garafyada. At initiative ee cilmiga ee 20 jirka ah tiro badan oo ah rugaha cilmi, waxbarashada iyo kulma noocyada kala duwan ee dhirta waxtar leh loo abuuray in noocyo kala duwan oo xaaladaha cimilada iyo ciidda ee USSR.

gacan ka qiimo badan in sayniska

Biography Vavilova Nikolaya Ivanovicha ula lala guutadii sayniska, dhaqan ka 1924 si ay u 1929. Tani waa Afghanistan, Africa, badda Mediterranean, Japan, China, Taiwan, Korea, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo saynisyahano ku dar in ururinta miraha (ee kun ee shaybaarka), oo soo saaray xarumaha waxbarasho ee dalagga soo kordhaya.

In 1927, warbixinta aad u fiican "tijaabo dhuleed inaad wax ka barato tirayn dhirta beerayaa USSR ah", taas oo Nikolai Ivanovich sameeyey Rome shir khubaro ah beeraha, saynisyahano la siiyay bilada dahabka ah, iyo Shirka ay go'aansatay in la codsado nadaam horumartay Vavilov dalagyada juquraafi caalami ah.

Nikolai Vavilov Qoyska

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich, Biography gaaban oo sheegayaa in uu guulaha wayn dunida ee sayniska, ayaa guursaday laba jeer. naagtiisa kowaad wuxuu ahaa Ekaterina Nikolaevna saynisyahan Sakharov, by guur la kii lahaa wiil, Oleg. Wuxuu ku geeriyooday 28 sano jir ee Caucasus ee fuulitaanka dhagax weyn. naagtiisa Second - Doctor of Beeraha Sciences, nin cilmiga nafleyda barta Elena Barulin oo Nikolai yaqaan laga bilaabo wakhtiga ardayda iyada (1918); Gabar yar oo ku lug leh dayada badan oo mentor (oo ay ku jiraan in duulaan in ay ka qayb koonfur-bari ee Russia ka), qoraal articles, waxaa ka mid ahaa kitaabkii Vavilov ee dalagyada beerta. Qoyska Elena Ivanovna iyo Nikolay abuuray 1926. From guurka ku dhashay Yuri Vavilov, oo noqday dhakhtar ee cilmiga jirka iyo xisaabta, jirka dadka nuclear oo wuxuu sameeyey wax badan in la raadiyo macluumaad ku saabsan aabbihiis iyo daabacaadda.

On account of abuurka ah ee Institute Vavilov ee Fruit Koraaya, cuntada iyo baradho qaybta, dalagga fareen, viticulture, calafka, dhirta, daawooyinka iyo udgoon - in ka badan boqol hay'adaha sayniska. In 1930, Nikolai Vavilov madax shaybaarka Leningrad hidaha ee Academy USSR ee, in 1931 - Society All-Midowga dhuleed.

Xiritaanka iyo dulmay

xirfadiisa Successful aqoonsi caalamka oo Nikolaya Ivanovicha Vavilova isaga dabataagan masayrin, kuwaas oo warqad u qoray Stalin la eedeymaha siyaasadeed, kuwaas oo lagu soo eedeeyay Vavilov ka go'doonsan beeraha dhib dhabta ah, promiscuity siyaasadeed taas oo Vavilov ma kala saaro cadaawayaasheenna ah oo run ah awoodda Soviet. anshaxa is barbar socda cadaadis dadweynaha ee xilliyeedyada. Tan iyo 1934, Nikolai Ivanovich ayaa laga mamnuucay safar dibadda, uu shaqada lagu helo inuu ku qanci waydo.

Vavilov waxaa la xiray bishii August 1940, oo lagu soo eedeeyay hawlo counter-kacaan. In 1941, saynisyahan ah ayaa lagu xukumay dil; xukunka waxaa lagu bedelay in 1942 by xukumay 20-sano. Nikolai Ivanovich ku dhintay isbitaal ku yaala xabsiga Saratov, ayaa xanuunsan intii uu pneumonia xabsi, dabadhiig, sannadkii la soo dhaafay ee Dystrophy dhibaatada nolosha. Dhimashadii waxaa sabab u ahaa hoos u dhaca dhaqdhaqaaqa wadnaha. Darjada saynisyahan Ruush ahaa dayactirey 1955: dhammaan eedeymaha isaga ka gees ah ayaa la Been abuurtay, iyo Jini Midna. Aasay Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich, Biography gaaban xiiso in tiro badan oo ah kooxo uu, qabriga caadi ah, iyadoo maxaabiista kale.