Vyacheslav Molotov (Vyacheslav Mihaylovich Skryabin): Biography, khibradiisa siyaasadeed

Molotov ahaa mid ka mid ah dhawr Bolsheviks ah call ugu horeysay, taasoo u suurtagashay in ay u noolaadaan xilligii cadaadis Stalin oo weli dalkaasi xoog. Waxa uu qabtay noocyo kala duwan oo posts sare ee dawlada ee 1920-1950-mada.

sanadaha hore

Vyacheslav Molotov ku dhashay March 9, 1890. Magaciisa dhabta ah - Alexander Scriabin. Molotov - anagu xisbiga. In uu dhalinyarada, Bolsheviks la isticmaalay noocyo kala duwan oo magacyadooda lagu daabacay wargeysyada. Molotov anagu uu markii ugu horeysay lagu isticmaalay buug yar oo ku saabsan horumarinta dhaqaalaha Soviet, iyo tan iyo markaas ka badan oo isaga la jira in aan ka tago.

kacaan The mustaqbalka uu ku dhashay ee fasalka qoyska dhexe, kuwaas oo ku noolaa karin tuulada ee ay gobolka Vyatka. Aabbihiis si caddaalad ah wuxuu ahaa nin qani ah oo aysan awoodin in ay carruurta uu siiyo waxbarasho wanaagsan. Vyacheslav Molotov ku jiray dugsiga dhab ah Kazan. In ka sano ee uu dhalinyarada u yimid kacaanka ugu horeysay ee Russian, kaas oo, Dabcan, laakiin aan saameyn ku yeelan kartaa aragtida ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa. Ardayga uu ku soo biiray kooxda dhalinyarada Bolshevik ee 1906. In 1909 wuxuu la xiray iyo musaafuriyay Vologda. Ka dib markii xoraynta Vyacheslav Molotov dhaqaaqay St. Petersburg. In caasimadda, wuxuuna bilaabay inuu ka shaqeeyo wargeyska ugu horeysay ee sharciga ah ee xisbiga loo yaqaan "Xaqiiqda." Scriabin keenay saaxiibkiis Victor Tikhomirnov, kuwaas oo ka soo jeedaa qoys oo ah ganacsade u yimid, oo maal daabaco hantiwadaagnimadu ee ay kharash gaar ah. Magaca dhabta ah ee Vyacheslav Molotov mar dambe loo gudbiyo markaas. Kacaanka dambeyntii naftiisa ku xiran xisbiga.

The Revolution iyo Dagaalkii Sokeeye

By bilowgii Revolution February ee Vyacheslav Molotov, ka duwan ugu Bolsheviks caan ah, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa in Russia. Xisbiga qof Key oo sannado badan ku jiray maxaabiis ahaan. Sidaa darteed, in bilood ee hore ee 1917, Molotov Vyacheslav Mihaylovich lahaa miisaanka weyn ee Petrograd. Wuxuu ku sii editor of "Xaq", iyo xataa galay guddiga fulinta ee Soviet of Workers 'iyo ciidamada' xigeenadiisa.

Marka Lenin iyo madaxda kale ee RSDLP ah (b) ku soo laabtay Russia, mas'uulkaas dhallinyarada laabteen galay asalka iyo waqti mar dambe ma arki karo. Molotov laga dhaliyay ay odayaasha iyo codkarnimada, iyo geesinimada kacaan. Laakiin isaga iyo faa'iidooyinka ahaayeen: dareenka waajib, dadaalkaas iyo waxbarashada farsamada. Sidaa darteed, inta lagu guda jiro Dagaalkii Sokeeye Molotov inta badan ku yaal on the "field" shaqada ee gobolka - uu shuqulka golayaasha deegaanka iyo degmooyinka abaabulay.

In 1921, xubnaha xisbiga heerka labaad ee nasiib u heli jidhka cusub dhexe - Xoghaynta. Halkan Molotov Vyacheslav Mikhailovich ahaa hadal ismaamulka shaqo maamul, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa in uu element. Intaa waxaa dheer, Xoghaynta Guddiga Dhexe ee RCP ah (b), wuxuu noqday jaalle ah Stalin, oo maagganaa aayahooda dhan mustaqbalka.

Stalin ee gacantiisa midig

In 1922, Stalin loo doortay xoghayaha guud ee golaha dhexe. Tan iyo markaas, dhallinyarada V. M. Molotov noqday horfadhiyaan. Waxa uu cadeeyay inuu daacad by qayb qaadanaya oo dhan isku iyo intrigues of Stalin sida Lenin in dhowrkii sano ee la soo dhaafay, iyo geeridii ku timid ka dib markii Lenin. Molotov ahaa runtii meel sax ah. Isagu waa ay dabiicadda weligii hoggaamiye, laakiin dadaalkaas maamul oo kala duwan, ayay caawiyeen in shaqo HK xad-dhaaf ah ee golaha dhexe.

On aaska Lenin ee 1924, Molotov ay saarnaayeen uu sanduuq, taas oo calaamad u ahayd uu miisaanka hardware. Laga soo bilaabo in bilaabay halgan gudaha ah xisbiga. format ayaa ka mid ah "awoodda wadareed" jireen aad u dheer. Waxaa hore u dhigeysa saddex qof codsanaya hoggaanka - Stalin, Trotsky iyo Zinoviev. Molotov ayaa had iyo jeer puppet ah kan ugu horreeyey iyo qiyaas. Sidaa darteed, sida ay heerka miyigii ah ee Xoghayaha Guud, wuxuu si firfircoon u ololeeyey in golaha dhexe, marka hore ka gees ah "Trotskyist", ka dibna "Zinoviev" mucaaradka.

January 1, 1926 V. M. Molotov noqday xubin ka mid ah kadago - jidhku wuxuu maamula Guddiga Dhexe, kuwaas oo ka mid ahaa qofka dadka ugu saameynta badan ee xisbiga. Isla mar ahaantaana guuldaradii ugu danbeysay ee soo horjeeda Stalin ee ka dhacay. Maalinta Ixtifaalka ee tobanka sano ee Kacaanka Oktoobar ayaa weeraro taageerayaasha Trotsky ee. Si dhakhso ah uu musaafuriyay Kazakhstan ee Hijrooday ee sharaf, ka dibna si buuxda u tagay USSR.

Molotov ahaa kaari Dabcan Stalin ee Guddiga xisbiga Moscow City ka. Waxa uu si joogto ah u ciyaaray mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaasha mucaaradka waxa loogu yeero garabka midig Nikolaya Uglanova, taas oo, in dhamaadka, ka furteen post ee Xoghayaha First of CIM ka dhanka ah. In 1928-1929 GG. xubin kadago si uu meeshan qaaday. Inta lagu guda jiro kuwaas oo dhawr bilood, Molotov qabtay dibadbax ee Moscow nadiifinta qalab. From waxaa jira, oo dhan ka soo horjeeda ee Stalin ayaa meesha ka saaray. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cadaadiska xilliga ahaayeen khafiif ah - cidna aan weli la toogtay ama diray xeryaha shaqada.

collectivization Explorer

Thunder ee ka soo horjeeda, Stalin iyo Molotov in bilowgii 1930 la siiyo awoodda kaliya ee Koba. Xoghayaha Guud ee The amaanay dadaalkii iyo dadaalkaas oo gacantiisa midig. In 1930, ka dib markii iska casilay ee Rykov ahaa post a bannaan ee guddoomiyaha Golaha Shacabka ee Commissars ee USSR. Waxa lagu badalay Molotov Vyacheslav Mihaylovich. Marka la soo koobo, oo wuxuu noqday madaxa dawladda Soviet, haysta post in ilaa 1941.

Tan iyo bilowgii collectivization baadiyaha Molotov mar kale inta badan safarada ganacsiga dalka oo dhan. Waxa uu hogaaminayo guuldaradii of kulaks ee Ukraine. Dawladdu waxay u baahan yahay oo dhan kibis soo ridayeen taas oo horseeday in iska caabin ah tuulada. In gobollada galbeedka gaaray rabshado. Hoggaanka Soviet, ama halkii, si shakhsi ah Stalin, go'aansaday in la sameeyo a "boodboodi weyn" - bilowga af of warshadaha dhaqaalaha ah dib ugu. Waayo, waxaan u baahan nahay in lacagta. Waxay la geeyay iyada oo loo marayo sale ee ahaa hadhuudh dibadda. Si aad u hesho, dowladda bilaabay requisitioning goosashada ka qastaan. About samaynayaan iyo Vyacheslav Molotov. Biography ee mas'uulkaas this 1930 waxaa ka buuxsamay dhacdooyin khiyaanadu oo isku dhafan oo kala duwan. Ololaha marka hore sida uu ahaa weerar lagu qaaday beeralayda Yukreeniyaan.

beeraha wadareed hawlqabad la'aan aan laga maarmi waayay in ay shaqada sida qorshaha shan sano marka hore u marayso Qandaraasyada hadhuudh. Marka yimid Moscow wararka-xumida leh oo ku saabsan goosashada ee 1932, Kremlin ay go'aansatay in ay diyaarin mawjad cusub oo cadaadis, markan keliya ma kulaks ah, laakiin sidoo kale qabanqaabiyeyaasha xisbiga maxaliga ah ma ula qabsadaan shaqadooda. Laakiin qiyaastaas oo aan Ukraine ka gaajo badbaadin doonaa.

Qofka labaad ee gobolka

Ka dib markii burburinta xilli kulaks ah weerar cusub, kuwaas oo goob joog ka ahaa Molotov. USSR ka aasaasay ayaa dawlad talisnimo. Stalin ahaa in badan sabab u ambabaxay helay takhaluso badan oo mucaaradka ee xisbiga ee Bolsheviks ah. Waxay ahayd in hawlwadeennada dulli laga saaray Moscow, helay jagooyinka yar oo ku taalla daafaha dalka.

Laakiin ka dib markii dilkii Kirov ee 1934, Stalin go'aansaday in ay isticmaalaan Munaasabaddan Cudurdaar halligaadda jirka ah ee aan loo baahnayn ka. Diyaargaraw ayaa bilaabay for daaha maxkamadaha. In 1936, maxkamadda ka dhanka ah Zinoviev iyo Kamenev abaabulay. Aasaasayaasha xisbiga Bolshevik ah lagu eedeeyay ka qayb urur Trotskyist counterrevolutionary. Waxa ay aheyd sheeko dacaayad fiican loo qorsheeyay. Molotov, inkasta oo uu waafaqsan arimahan, ka soo horjeeda maxkamadda. Markaas ayuu ku dhowaad dhaceen dhibane cadaadis. Stalin ahaa awoodo inuu dhawro taageerayaashiisa in jeegga. Ka dib markii dhacdo taas, Molotov marna isku dayeen in ay iska caabin ah la ruxruxo raadiyo argagixiso. On lid ku ah, oo wuxuu noqday qaybgale firfircoon.

By bilowgii dagaalkii Great Patriotic of Commissars 25 Dadka ee, yaa ka shaqeeyay SNK ee 1935, ka badbaaday kaliya Voroshilov, Mikoyan, Litvinov, Kaganovich oo naftiisa Molotov Vyacheslav. Dhalashada, mihnadyahannimo, daacad gaarka ah si ay hogaamiyaha - waxan oo dhan ayaa laga badiyay macnaha kasta. Under isaguu ku of NKVD ku heli karto mid ka mid ah. In 1937, guddoomiyaha SNK waxaa laga sameeyey on mid ka mid ah plenums ee golaha dhexe la canaanta ah oo ku baaqay in si adkeeyo dagaalka ka dhanka ah cadowga dadka iyo basaasiin.

Waxaa Molotov bilaabay dib u habaynta, waxaana ku xiga "gudomiyaha" helay xaq u leeyahay inuu xukumo tuhmanayaasha ma tihid, laakiin liiska oo dhan. Tan waa la sameeyey si loo fududeeyo shaqada ee meydadka. talinaysay ee cadaadiska ka dhacay 1937-1938 GG., Xaggee ku NKVD iyo maxkamadaha si fudud aan laga maarmi waayay in socodka ah ee lagu eedeeyay. Argagixisada ma ay leexleexan kaliya in hoggaanka xisbiga. Waxa uu sidoo kale taabtay dul muwaadiniinta caadiga ah ee USSR. Laakiin Stalin horrayn shakhsi kormeero "Trotskyists" sare, Basaasyaad Japanese iyo xadgudbayaasha kale. Ka dib markii hoggaamiyaha kiisaska dhacday ceeb ku hawlan uu ku kalsoon tahay sare. In 1930 Molotov dhab ahaa qofka labaad ee gobolka. Tilmaan ahaa dabaal rasmiga ah ee sanad-guuradii 50aad ee 1940. Markaas guddoomiyaha SNK ma aha oo kaliya ka helay abaalmarino badan oo gobolka. In uu sharaf magaalada Perm baxshay Molotov.

Commissar Dadka ee Arrimaha Dibadda

Tan iyo Molotov jiray kadago, wuxuu sida sarkaal sare oo Soviet ku lug leh siyaasadda dibadda. Guddoomiyaha CPC iyo commissar Dadka ee Arrimaha Dibedda ee Maxim USSR ee Litvinov inta badan isku khilaafeen arrimaha xiriirka reer galbeedka, iyo wixii la mid ah .. In 1939, waxaa jiray isku shaandheyn. Litvinov tagay post, iyo Molotov ahaa commissar Dadka ee Arrimaha Dibadda. Stalin ballamay oo kaliya la joogo marka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ayaa mar kale noqday arrin go'aaminta nolosha waddanka oo dhan.

Taas oo keentay in casaan ee Litvinov? Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in Molotov in awood this ka haboon ee Xoghayaha Guud, sidii uu ahaa taageere ee isku daya in la Germany. Intaa waxaa dheer, ka dib markii Scriabin loo magacaabay commissar, in xafiiskiisa, mawjad cusub oo cadaadis, taas oo loo ogol yahay Stalin in laga takhaluso diblomaasiyiinta ah, ma taageersani uu siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda.

Marka Berlin ogaadeen eexda ah Litvinova, Hitler ku amray ciyaartoydiisa si aad u ogaato waxa niyadda cusub ee Moscow. In guga ee 1939, Stalin weli shaki, laakiin xagaaga ugu danbeyn go'aansaday in ay mudan tahay isku dayaya in ay ka heli dhulka caadiga ah la Reich Saddexaad, oo ma Britain ama France. On 23 August ee sannadkan, waxa uu soo gaaray magaalada Moscow, Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee dalka Jarmalka Joachim von Ribbentrop. Wadahadalada Stalin iyo Molotov kaliya isaga la jiray. Iyagu ma ku saabsan in ay doonayaan in xubnaha kale ee kadago, taas oo, tusaale ahaan, ayaa keentay in jahwareer Voroshilov, kuwaas oo wakhtigaas ahaa mas'uul ka ah xiriirka la France iyo England. Natiijada imaanshiyaha wafdiga Jarmal ahaa heshiis aan gardarada caanka ah. Waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanaa Heshiiska Molotov-Ribbentrop, inkastoo, dabcan, magaca bilaabay in loo isticmaalo wax badan ka dambeyn dhacdooyinka tilmaamay.

Qoraalka waxa ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah sidoo kale hab maamuuska qarsoodi ah oo dheeraad ah. Sida laga soo xigtay qodobada ay, Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo Germany qaybsan Yurubta Bari galay goobo saamayneed. heshiis Tani waxay ogol yahay Stalin inuu ku soo bilowdo dagaal ka dhan ah Finland, fidinta dalalka Baltiga, Moldova iyo Poland. Intee ayey ka qayb by heshiisyada kuwaas Molotov sameeyey? heshiis Non-gardarada la odhan jiray magiciisa ka dib, laakiin dabcan, dhammaan go'aamada muhiimka ah ee la sameeyey by Stalin. Uu commissar ahaa fuliyaha kaliya ee doonista hoggaamiyaha. In labada sano ee soo socda, ilaa bilowgii dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, Molotov sameeyey siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda u badan oo kaliya.

War Great Patriotic

Sida laga soo xigtay channels diblomaasiyadeed Molotov heleen xog ku saabsan diyaarinta Reich Saddexaad dagaal kula Midowga Soofiyeeti for. Laakiinse isagu ma uu muhiimad gaar warbixinnada, maxaa yeelay, wuxuu ka baqayay dulliga on qayb ka mid ah Stalin. Hogaamiyaha saaray miiska Fariimaha isla qarsoon, laakiinse iyagu ma ay wada gariiri uu aaminsan yahay in Hitler ma dhici lahaa si ay u weeraraan USSR.

Ma aha la yaab leh in June 22, 1941 Molotov ka dib markii uu tababaraha ahaa aad uga naxay ku warkii dhawaaqey dagaal. Laakiin kii, Stalin baray si ay u qabtaan uu hadalka caanka ah, kaas oo lagu baahiyey raadiyaha maalinta weeraradii Wehrmacht. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka Molotov u adeegi jireen hawlaha inta badan diblomaasiyadeed. Waxa uu sidoo kale ahaa ku xigeenka ka mid ah Stalin ee Guddiga Difaaca Gobolka. Commissar dadka hal mar oo keliya isaga qudhiisa hore helay, markii uu u soo diray si ay u baaraan duruufaha guuldaradii burburiyo at hawlaha Vyazma dayrta ee 1941.

in doghouse ah

Habeeynimadii of dagaalkii labaad ee dunida Molotov guddoomiyaha SNK uu bedelay Stalin qudhiisa. Marka, ugu dambeyntii, waxaa jira nabad, commissar dadka ku hadhay ee uu mas'uul ka ah siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda. Waxa uu ka qayb qaatay in shirarka ugu horeya ee Qaramada Midoobay, oo sidaas daraaddeed marar badan u safray Mareykanka. Dusha, wax walba si fiican u sugayay Molotov. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1949, oo uu ku qabtay by naagtiisa Polina Zhemchuzhina. Waxay jiray nin Yuhuud ah u dhashay, oo wuxuu ahaa qof muhiim ah in Guddiga Antifascist Yuhuudda. Just ka dib markii dagaalka, Midowga Soofiyeeti ayaa bilaabay olole anti-Semitic, bilaabay Stalin qudhiisa. Pearl si dabiici ah ku dhacday looga lalmiyo oo tii. Si aad u qabtaan xaaskiisa Molotov ayaa ahaa sumaddii madow.

Tan iyo 1949, wuxuu noqday bedel ku soo noqnoqda, waayo, Stalin, kuwaas oo bilaabay iney xanuunaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mas'uulkaas isla guga oo laga xayuubiyey post sida commissar. At XIX Congress ee xisbiga, Stalin ma ma waxaa ka mid ah in Presidium cusub ee golaha dhexe. Xisbiga bilaabeen in ay eegaan Molotov sida nin xukumay. All calaamado tilmaamaya in dalka la socda kabaha cusub sare, waxay la mid yihiin mid ka mid ah ahaa ee ruxay kubada Midowga Soofiyeeti ee 1930. Haddaba Molotov ahaa mid ka mid ah codsadayaasha marka hore in la toogtay. Sida laga soo xigtay-qorka ee Khrushchev, Stalin markii ay aad ugaga mar ka hadlay tuhunku in commissar Shacabka hore ee arrimaha debedda ayaa la shaqaalaysiiyay by sirdoonka colaadeed Western inta lagu jiro hawlgallada uu diblomaasiyadeed oo dalka Mareykanka ah.

Ka dib markii dhimasho Stalin ee

Molotov badbaadiyey oo kaliya lama filaan ah dhimashada ee Stalin, March 5, 1953. Uu maraayay ahaa lama filaan ah ma aha oo kaliya dalka, laakiin sidoo kale deegaanka degdeg ah. Waqtigaa Stalin noqday Miciisa, kuwaas oo dhimasho ahayd adag in la aamino. Dadka waxaa ka jiray warar xan ah in Molotov bedeli laga yaabaa in hogaamiyaha sida madaxa gobolka. Waxay saamaysay warkiisiina wuxuu gaadhay, sidoo kale shaqo waqti-dheer in jago sare.

Laakiin Molotov mar kale ma sheegan hoggaanka. "Awoodda wadajir ah" mar kale isaga loo magacaabay Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda. Molotov taageeray Khrushchev iyo wefdigiisa in weerar lagu qaaday Beria iyo Malenkov. Si kastaba ha ahaatee ururka timi socday aad u dheer. Xisbiga khilaafaadka soo noq aqoonyahanada ku saabsan siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda. Gaar ahaan ba'an ahaa su'aasha ah ee xiriirka la Yugoslavia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Molotov, Voroshilov oo Khrushchev ka hadlay diidmo ka badan go'aannadeedu ku saabsan horumarinta dalalka bikrad. Jiheysteen yihiin maalmaha ka mid ah hogaamiyaha kaliya ahaa ee dalka. Khrushchev lahaa, dabcan, ma leeyihiin Qayb tobnaad xoogga, taas oo ahayd Stalin. La'aanta miisaanka hardware ugu danbeyn keentay in uu iska casilay.

Laakiin ka hor in isaga iyo hoggaanka boos nabdgelyo Molotov. In 1957, uu Ciyaalle la Kaganovich iyo Malenkov koox anti-xisbiga ee loo yaqaan. Ujeedada weerarka uu ahaa Khrushchev kuwaas oo la qorsheeyay in ay is casilaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xisbiga ugu awoodaan in ay ku fashilmaan group codbixinta. Ku xiga ku celis ah nidaamka. Molotov waayay post sida wasiirka arrimaha dibada.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay

Ka dib markii 1957, Molotov qabtay posts dawladda yar. Tusaale ahaan, waxa uu ahaa danjiraha Mongolia. Ka dib markii dhaleeceyn uu go'aan XXII Congress laga saaray xisbiga iyo u diray fariistay. Molotov hadhay firfircoon ilaa maalmood ee ugu danbeysay. Sida qof gaar ah, ayuu qoray oo la daabacay buugaag iyo articles. In 1984, mar hore nin da 'ahaa awoodaan in ay gaaraan dib u soo celinta ee xisbiga shuuciga ah.

In 1980 Abwaan Felix Chuev daabacay cajalado ah wada hadalka ay la mastodon siyaasadda Soviet. Iyo, tusaale ahaan, awow ah falanqeeye siyaasadeed oo Vyacheslav Molotov Vyacheslav Nikonov ahaa qoraaga qorkiisa iyo cilmi faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan taariikh nololeedka ee mas'uulkaas Soviet. Ninkii labaad hore ee gobolka, ayaa ku dhintay 1986 at da'da 96 sano.