Waaxda Fern: qaababka caadiga ah dabeecad u. Imisa nooc oo ferns

waaxda Fern koobnaan dhirta vascular, taas oo ka mid ah labada casriga ah iyo qadiimiga sare. Hadda waxaa jira toban kun ku dhow noocyada kala duwan ee ferns, kuwaas oo ku baahsan caalamka oo dhan, taas oo ku kulmi karaan meel kasta oo dunida ah.

sifooyinka guud ee Fern, magaca xayawaankan

Roobaad leeyihiin xaaladaha ugu wanaagsan ee ay koritaanka. Halkan waxaa jira tiro ugu weyn ee noocyada of ferns, kaas oo u koraan ma aha oo kaliya on dhulka, laakiin xitaa on dogob iyo caleemaha geedaha.

Warshad Fern waxaa laga heli karaa boholaha dhagaxyada, dhoobada, harooyinka, darbiyada dhismayaasha, girgirada wadada. meelaha mugdiga ah ee kaymaha kulaylaha waa fiican ee lianovidnyh taranta iyo ferns geed, oo muddo dheer sabayn live u dhow biyaha. Iyagu ma ay soo jiitaan dareenka, laakiin waxay yihiin xoojisay ay sabab u tahay undemanding si ay u koraan.

Ferns kaymaha our

In latitudes our, halkaas oo cimilada la ferns geed qoraxda aan la fulin karo, laakiin noocyada herbaceous dilka ah ee ferns ku filan. Haddii aad eegto noocyada sida badan oo ferns sii kordhaya ee Russia, waxay noqon lahaa ku saabsan boqol. The ferns ugu badan yihiin, Fern gorayada, marwada-Fern iyo Japanese, Dryopteris lab mnogoryadniki, skolopendrovy listovik, Pteridium aquilinum.

Geedaha ku jira, Fern soocay kala duwan yihiin fudud hoose, sida algae, joogitaanka asliga ah, oo xididdada iyo caleemo, kaas oo ay leeyihiin sifooyin u gaar ah.

Afkoda, rhizomes ay qaab-dhismeedka

ferns Stem ma horumariyo by badan. Isagu waa jilicsan iyo mid yar. Marka laga reebo, laga yaabee, waa ferns geed kulaylaha, isagoo nooc ka mid ah kacsaday afkoda, on top of taas oo ay jirto wax taaj oo yar oo ka kooban a caleemo filan weyn.

Xaaladaha intooda badan, dhirta, Fern herbaceous leeyihiin gaaban afkoda, loo yaqaan rhizomes. rhizomes loo qaybiyay laba nooc, taas oo ku xidhan qaabka iyo meesha of caleemaha iyo xididdada.

Nooca ugu horeeya waxa ka mid ah rhizomes, xidid pridatochny in oo ku yaalla dhinaca hoose iyo baxo hogaanka. The dusha rhizomes nooca labaad ee isku daboolay caleemo iyo xididdada. The rhizomes ee noocyada qaar ka mid ah, Fern noqon sun karaa.

Features caleemaha

Leaves, la asliga ah marka la barbar dhigo, waa ka weyn oo wax badan ka culus. In noocyada qaar ka mid ah, Fern caleemo koraan kartaa ilaa soddon mitir oo dherer ah. Badankood waxay leeyihiin petiole caleen, Fern iyo dissected saxan pinnate taas oo uu leeyahay ul taas oo ah nooc ka mid ah kordhinta of asliga ah.

Grow ka rhizomes caleemaha yar yar waxaa shabaqa soo fiirin. Boodaynin caleen, Fern koritaanka waxaa loo kaydiyaa wakhti dheer ah. Dhab ahaantii Tani waa arrin xiiso leh, tan iyo koritaanka sida for caleemaha dhirta sare gabi ahaanba ma aha caadiga ah.

Waxa intaa dheer in fulinta hawlaha muhiimka ah si loo hubiyo in dhirta arrinta organic, Caleenta noocyada qaar ka mid ah ferns jira jidhadhka spore ah.

dhalmo

Waxaa jira ferns, caleemo, kaas oo noqon kara gebi ahaanba kala duwan. Mid ka mid ah iyo caleemaha dhirta isku jira oo Nadiif ah, oo aan sporangia iyo caleemo, kuwaas oo sporangia ah. caleemo noocan oo kale ah waxaa loo yaqaan bacrin ah, ka Laatiin ee la turjumay - bacarimiso.

The kudka of noocyada ugu yaalaan hoose ee dusha dambe ee xaashida. Sida inta badan dhirta sare, habka faafin ah in ferns dhacdaa marka kudka hagaagaan. waxbarashada gaarka ah, halkaas oo khilaaf waxaa loo yaqaan sporangia horumariyo. raasamaal A badan ee kudka diyaarin meel u dhow midba midka kale si ay u sameeyaan SORI. Waxay u eg yihiin "bacaha", halkaas oo khilaaf ku kaydsan yihiin.

Marka kudka waa u bislaaday, way dhici, ay badbadiyay by dabaysha oo ma waxaan gelayaa raaxada ah xaaladaha sii kordhaya. Soon ka kudka biqlay sameeyay saxan yar oo cagaaran isagoo ballaciisu yahay oo kaliya dhowr milimitir, taas oo ah, Fern prothallia.

gametes

Tani zarostok bilaabi noloshooda by dhagno ciidda by qaababka ay threadlike. On qaybta hoose ee soo koraya gametes lab iyo dhaddig (ukunta iyo manida). biyo Dropwise ama sayaxa, kaas oo dib loo dhigay by prothallia, unugyada manida waxa loo dhiibaa ukunta, oou unugyada labka iyo dheddiga.

gymnosperms Fern waxaa kala duwanaayeen ka soo noocyada kale ee biqilka. Farqiga ugu muhiimsan - dhalmo ah ee manka iyo gametes jira gudaha. Manka waxaa lagu fuliyaa by dabaysha fog. Abuurkii loo sameeyay in loo yaqaano, mana yeelan qolof ah, sidaas darteed loo yaqaan gymnosperms.

isku da 'ah dinosaurs

Fern soocay waa mid aad u jir ah si wadajir ah ula dhirta kale ee ubaxa ahaa lakabka dusha of ciidda ah. In muddo Carboniferous ah meelaha kaynta swampy lagu daro horsetails weyn iyo Muuse kooxda koray ferns qadiimiga ah, kuwaas oo ay gaaraan meelaha of soddon mitir.

On gogo 'oo dhuxusha weli qora caleemo waaweyn ferns geed weyn. Haddaba faafin, Fern arkay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo aan loo eegin cimilada. Waxaa laga helaa labadaba ka tropics kulul iyo meelaha waqooyi ee dunida.

Seasons saamayn ku Fern dhirta. In guga wuxuu bilaabaa in ay koritaanka iyo horumarka, iyo u dhaw dayrta, hawlgaladaa la joojiyay. In noocyada ugu dhimashada caleen dhacdaa, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa jira noocyada taas oo ay jirto in ay wintering oo waxay ku hadhi cagaaran, yeeray in cimiladu kulaylaha, marka la barbar dhigo dhirta kale ee sida joogtada ah cagaaran, ferns, sidoo kale, ku sii cagaaran waqtiga oo dhan.

Magaca "Fern" ka timaadaa caleemaha qurux badan qaabeeya u eg qalinka ah. Si ka duwan dhirta kale spore sare, ferns leeyihiin muhiimada dhawrista weyn ee dabiiciga ah, tusaale ahaan, waa qayb muhiim ah oo kaynta.

isticmaalka Commercial

Fern Division, ayaa codsiga ballaaran ee reerka. Sidaas daraaddeed dadka dalalka deggan oo qaar ka mid ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa in cuntada iyo ubucda ah oo caleemaha yar yar ee ferns, isagoo qaab geed. gogo 'Kuwani dhanaaniyey iyo cusbayn. Tusaale ahaan, la cuni karo waa "Pteridium aquilinum," taas oo uu leeyahay content sare ah protein iyo istaarijka ee caleemaha ay.

noocyo badan oo Fern waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida maaddooyinka for daroogada ka dhanka ah dulin xiidmaha. saamayn Cleansing ayaa xididka geedka iyo waxaa loo isticmaalaa in sun wax soo saarka, iyo waxay waxaa lagu daaweeyaa nabarada, cambaarta, madax xanuun, nabarrada. oo xididdada ka gaysan karaan in ay dib u soo celinta buuxda ee hawlaha loo isitcmaalo nidaamka wadnaha.

caleemo madaxtooyada

Sababtoo ah halka ay caleemaha qurux badan oo dissected waaweyn, Fern waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa sida decoration ah oo beero iyo firdows. Tusaale ahaan, ferns "quadrifolia marsilea" waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu qurxiyo ee hay'adaha oo biyo ah iyo si toos ah lagu beeray biyaha ku shubaa. Fern, taas oo uu leeyahay magaca "Nephrolepis" ayaa muddo dheer loo isticmaalo sida houseplant ah ornamental, soo jiidashada dadka caleemo openwork waaweyn.

ferns Water hubkaas ayaa loo isticmaalaa sida qurxinta for quraaradda. Waxa intaa dheer in Qurxinta ah, ferns sida ay leeyihiin door muhiim ah si loo hubiyo in dadkii degganaa oxygen. Sidee noocyada badan ee ferns ma, kulligood way wada ciyaaraan door muhiim ah nolosha ku yiil kaynta.

wakiilada sun ah

Laakiin waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay taxaddar, sababta oo ah noocyo ka mid ah ferns waa sun. Geedaha dryopteridaceae qoyska, ayaa ah kuwa ugu khatar ah, sida content ee rhizomes ay ku jiraan taagayo sun ah phloroglucinol. Si kastaba ha ahaatee Dryopteris leeyihiin guryaha, daawooyinka iyo waxa loo isticmaalaa daaweynta helminthiasis.

Sida aan ka arki kartaa, waxay leeyihiin guryaha badan oo waxtar leh, sidaasi darteed waxaad u baahan tahay si ay u ilaaliyaan ferns. Booqashada Forest Park oo uma baahna in ay ku jebi ferns ubax for decoration sii kordhaysa, sababta oo ah caleemaha oo ka mid ah dhirta qadiimiga ah ee dhaawaca si deg deg ah Halaagnay iyo lumiyaan muuqaalka.

Warshad noqdo qurux badnayn, waa engegay, sabtoo ah iyo si fudud u tuuraa. Sababo la xiriira falalka lacagta sida dhirta ugu da'da weyn isagoo guryaha waxtar leh miisaan hoos. Tilmaamo gaar ah, Fern u baahan tahay inaad ula dareen darafkeeda.