Wars Faransiis Diinta: sababaha, marxaladaha, cawaaqibka

dagaallo diimeed Faransiis ahaayeen hakad yar ka 1562 in 1589 sano. Xisbiyada ugu muhiimsan in colaadda ay ahaayeen Catholics iyo Huguenots (Brotestanka). Natiijadan ayaa waxa ay dagaallo badan, waxay ahayd is bedel ah ee guri ammaan talada haya, iyo sidoo kale xoojinta of xaq u leeyahay inuu xoriyada diinta.

shuruudaha

Wars Faransiis dhiig Diinta dhexeeya Kaatooligga iyo Brotestanka waxay bilaabeen in 1562. Waxay haysteen in sababaha maqaar saar yar iyo sababaha. In qarnigii XVI ee bulshada Faransiis waxaa loo kala qaybiyay laba xeryaha farqiyo - Catholic iyo Protestant. Madhabta cusub daalaeday galay dalka Jarmalka. taageerayaashiisa ku dooday for baxsi ah ee xeerarka qaar ka mid ah Church Catholic ah (iibinta indulgences, jagooyinka iyo D. sidaas on.).

The dhaqdhaqaaqa Protestant ugu caansan ee France noqday Calvinism. isaga raacaa lagu magacaabay Huguenots. Meelo ka mid ah cilmiga this kala firdheen dalka oo dhan, taas oo ah sababta dagaal diini ah in France ahaa baaxadda weyn sida.

Korol Frantsisk waxaan ahaa Boqortooyada ugu horeysay in ay isku dayaan in ay joojiyaan faafinta faasiqnimo cusub. Waxa uu amar ku bixiyay in lala wareego ka mid ah qoraallada Huguenot by taas oo caro tegey Catholics. Waayo, boqorrada xuuqaa on iimaan caado ahayd weerar ay awood u gaar ah. Taasi waxay ahayd fikirka ah ee Valois, maxaa yeelay, kuwaas oo bilaabay dagaal diini ah in France.

Jebinta xuquuqda Huguenots ah

Guulaysteen by Francis Henry II xitaa ka badan sii kor u qaadeen dabargoynta ee Protestant ee dalka. In 1559 waxaa la saxiixay dunida Kato Kambreziysky, taasoo joojiyo in ay muddo dheer Talyaani War. Ka dib markii in boqorka iyo gacmaha ciidankiisii oo siibay. Haddaba xoog ugu dambayntii yimid ilaha bilaashka ah in ay siin karaan dagaalka ka dhanka ah een. In Ogaysiiskani ugu dambeeyey ee Henry II hanjabay gubashadii caasi ku jirta ah. Laakiin xitaa waji, kuwaas oo dawladda ayaa saamayn ma ku faafidda Calvinism. By 1559 ee France waxaa jiray 5000 bulshooyinka, taas oo dhaggan cilmiga wuxuu noolaa.

Iyada oo goysiga ah oo carshiga ku boqorka yar Francis II oo dhan baarlamaanada gobolka waxaa lagu dhigay qolkii dab. Waxa loogu yeero maxkamadaha aan caadi ahayn, kaas oo burburiyey Jidka Protestant. hay'adaha Kuwan waxaa kormeeraya Giza - qoyska awood badan oo ka mid ah boqorkii-wiil. Bilowgii dagaalladii diimeed ee France iyo inta badan ay dhiig ku taalaa iyagoo garashadoodu.

goob Amuazsky

Giza (walaalo Francois iyo Charles) ayaa necbayd gobta badan - mid ka mid ah sababta oo ah isaga kaligiitalinimo, kale sababtoo ah booska diinta. Dabaqadda sare, qaraabada cadhaysan boqorka, ugu dhaqsaha badan ka dib markii abuuritaanka qolalka dab abaabulay shirqool. waxay xususeysaa jeclaan lahaa in lagu soo qabto yar Francis iyo baryo xaq u leedahay in doorasho diinta (ie, xornimada damiirka).

dhagarta la helay ka hor fulinta. Francis la orodkii qiyaas in Amboise. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shirqoolkii aan ka baxay qorshayaasha iyo isku dayeen in ay ku qabsadaan awooda boqorka xaq magaalada. Qorshuhu wuxuu ku guuldareystay. gobta badan ayaa ku dhintay dagaalka, halka dadka kale la toogtay ka dib. dhacdooyinka Kuwa noqday marmarsiinyo of March 1560, taas oo ay sabab u tahay dagaal diimeed ka qarxay France.

dhicin dagaalkii

Just laba bilood ka dib markii shirqool ku fashilmay Francis II dhintay sababtoo ah caafimaadka dadka saboolka ah. Carshigu wuxuu walaalkiis Charles IX maray, in muddada bilowga lahaa dagaallo diimeed ee France. Sannadka 1562 ayaa la calaamadeeyay by aargoosi ugu horeysay Huguenots ee Champagne. The Duke of gambanaya iyo ciidankiisii ayaa weeraray dibad hubaysnayn si nabad ka go'an cibaadada. Dhacdadani waxa ay ahayd calaamad u ah dhicin dagaalkii weyn.

At Huguenots ah, sida Catholics, waxay lahaayeen madaxdooda. The ugu horeysay oo ka mid ah ahaa Prince Lyudovik De Conde of Bourbon. Ka dib dhacdada, in Champagne, ayuu qabsaday dhowr magaalo, samaynta Orleans qalcaddii iska caabin Protestant maamulka. Huguenots sameeyay isbahaysi la madaxda Jarmal iyo England - dal oo ay ku dhibtooday kaliya saamaynta Catholic. Feedhuhu ee colaadda sokeeye ciidamada ka baxsan ka sii xumeeyay dagaalladii diimeed ee France. sano ayay ku qaadatay in ay dalka ayaa waxaa dhammaan khayraadka oo dhan iyo Majar ugu dambeyntii u yimid inuu heshiis nabadeed oo dhexmaray labada dhinac.

Muqaalka muhiimka ah ee isku dhaca ahaa in dagaalladii ahaayeen dhowr ah. dhiig ku daatay ayaa ka bilowday, ka dibna la joojiyey, ka dibna mar kale dib u bilaabay. Sidaas daraaddeed, iyadoo hakad yar, waxaa jiray dagaal ka 1562 in 1598 sano. Wajiga koowaad ku dhamaatay 1563, markii Huguenots iyo Catholics saxiixay, dirqina ah Amboise. Under heshiiskan, Brotestanka la siiyey xaq u leeyihiin inay ku dhaqmaan diintooda gobolada qaar ee dalka. hooyadii saddex boqor Faransiis (François II, Charles IX iyo Henry III) - dhinacyada in ay heshiis la dhex dhexaadinta firfircoon Ekateriny Medichi yimid. Muddo waxaa uu noqday ninkii colaadda. Hooyo Queen waxaa ugu wanaagsan ee loo yaqaan nin casri ah si ay wadada ku sababta oo ah sheeko ee classic taariikhiga Dyumy.

Dagaalkii labaad iyo saddexaad

Giza ahaayeen faraxsanayn tanaasulaad si loo Huguenots ah. Markaasay waxay bilaabeen inay raadiyaan sokeeye Catholic dibadda. Isla mar ahaantaana in 1567 ay Brotestanka, iyo sidoo kale dhowr sano ka hor, isku dayeen in ay boqorka u kaxaystay qabta. Dhacdadan, oo loo yaqaan la yaab leh in Mo, waxba yimid. Mas'uuliyiinta ayaa u yeeray hoggaamiyayaasha Huguenots ah - the Prince of Conde iyo Tiri Gaspard Coligny. Waxay diidday inay ku timaado in Paris, kaas oo ahaa signalka for dib dhiig ah.

Sababaha dagaalladii reer diinta ee France jiifay ee xaqiiqada ah in heshiis nabad ku meel gaarka ah ee ku lug leh tanaasulaad yar in Brotestanka ka, ma dhergaan mid ka mid ah labada dhinac. Sababtoo ah ee khilaafka this khilaaf beelaya waxaa mar kale iyo mar kale soo cusboonaaday. Dagaalka labaad dhamaaday November 1567 ay sabab u tahay dhimashada mid ka mid ah madaxda Catholics ah - ee Duke of Montmorency.

Laakiin kaliya dhawr bilood ka dib, bishii March, ee 1568kii-th, on the beeraha ee France haddana u buuqday rasaas iyo oohin askari dhimanayaan. War Saddexaad inta badan ka dhacay gobolka Languedoc. Brotestanka ku dhawaad qaatay Poitiers. Waxay ku guulaysteen inay tagaan si ay Ron iyo qasbi mas'uuliyiinta in ay tanaasulaad mar kale ka dhigi. mudnaanta Huguenot ayaa kordhiyay sida ay Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, saxiixay on 15 August 1570. Freedom of diinta la aasaasay dhulka oo dhan France Paris mooyee.

guurka ee Henry iyo Margot

In 1572, ay boosaska gaareen dagaalladii diimeed ee France. qarnigii 16aad arkeen dhacdooyin badan oo lagu hoobtay oo naxdin leh. Laakiin laga yaabaa in midkoodna barbar dhigi kari waayeen inay habeenkii St. Bartolomayos ee. Tan iyo xasuuqii of Huguenots ah, abaabulay Catholics ayaa loo magacaabay taariikheeya. musiibadii ka dhacay on August 24, 1572 ka hor maalinta Bartolomayos Rasuulka. Seynisyahanno ku siin qiyaaso kala duwan oo inta waqti la dilay Brotestanka. Qiyaasaha tiro ahaan illaa 30 kun oo qof - lacagta aan horay loo arag ay waqti.

Rabshadaha waxaa ka hormarey dhowr dhacdooyinka muhiimka ah. Tan iyo 1570, si kooban u joojiyeen dagaalladii diimeed ee France. Taariikhda saxiixa heshiiskii nabadda Saint-Germain ahaa munaasabadda dalka daalan. Laakiin Catholics ugu xagjirka ah, oo ay ku jirto awood Giza, ma aysan dooneynin inay aqbalaan dokumentigan. Waxyaabaha kale, ay ka soo horjeedaan in muuqaalka maxkamadda boqornimada Gaspard Coligny - mid ka mid ah madaxda Huguenots ah. Admiral tayo diiwaan taageerada Charles IX. Boqortooyada doonayay in ay caawiyaan Taliyaha ku lifaaqan dalkooda Netherlands. Sayidka, ujeeddooyinka siyaasadeed reeyey diinta.

Ekaterina Medichi sidoo kale muddo dejinaaya ay taarkan. khasnadda wuxuu ahaa mid aan lacag ku filan si ay u sii hor imaad furan Brotestanka ah. Sidaa darteed, boqoraddii hooyadiis ahayd go'aansaday in ay isticmaalaan habab diblomaasiyadeed oo saldanadii. Barxadda Paris ku heshiiyeen guur u dhaxaysa Margaritoy Valua (gabadhii Catherine), iyo Henry of Navarre - hoggaamiye kale oo Huguenots ah.

Xasuuqa ee St. Bartolomayos

gurigii arooskana waxaa laga dabaal Paris. Taas darteed, magaalada inta badan Catholic yimid tirada weyn ee Huguenots ah - taageerayaasha Genriha Navarrskogo. Jawiga magaalada ayaa ahaa ugu qarxa. Lahaanshada nebcaaday Brotestanka, iyaga oo ku eedaynaya dhibaatooyinkoodii oo dhan. At sare ee xoogga ma jirin midnimo la xiriira arooska soo socda.

Arooskii ka dhacay on August 18, 1572. Ka dib 4 maalmood oo Admiral Coligny ahaa ka Louvre ka guriga, taas oo ay u Gizam iska eryay. Waxa uu ahaa dil qorsheysan. Hogaamiyaha Huguenots ah ayaa ku dhaawacmay, balse uu ka badbaaday. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhacdada ahayd oo kale caws buu la soo dhaafay. Laba maalmood ka dib, on Habeenka of 24 August, Ekaterina Medichi amray in ay bilaabaan xasuuqa ka mid ah Huguenots, oo aan ka tagay Paris. Bilowgii dagaalladii reer diinta ee France ayaa waxaa lagu dhuftay saffarro uu uu cadaawadda. Laakiin wixii ka dhacay 1572, ma ahayn in wax la barbardhigo jahli jir ah oo dagaalo iyo dagaalo tagaan.

Dilkii kun oo qof. Gaspar Kolini, ka hor dirqi kaga baxsaday dhimasho, nabad gelyo sheegay in nolosha ka mid ah ugu horreeyey. Genrihu Navarrskomu (King mustaqbalka Henry IV) ayaa maamulayay si ay u noolaadaan oo kaliya mahad leh shafeeco oo barxadda of qoyskiisa cusub. St. Bartolomayos ahayd dhacdo, la beddelo koorsada colaadda, oo loo yaqaan Wars Faransiis Diinta ee taariikhda. Taariikhda xasuuqii of Huguenots la calaamadeeyay by khasaaraha ka mid ah dad badan oo ka mid ah madaxda ay. Ka dib markii ay naxdin iyo fowdo ee caasimada dalka ka soo cararay, sida lagu sheegay qiyaaso kala duwan, ku saabsan 200 kun Huguenots. Waxay u guuray madaxda Jarmalka, England iyo Poland, in ay noqdaan kuwo ka fog ee mas'uuliyiinta Catholic lagu hoobtay oo iska. falalka Valois ayaa cambaareeyay by taliyayaashii badan oo waqtiga, oo ay ku jiraan Ivanom Groznym.

khilaafka Continued

Hareen in toobaddii iyo dagaalladii diimeed ee France, waxay keentay in xaqiiqda ah in dalka, ma aan ogayn dunida mudo sanado badan. dhibic St. Bartolomayos ah ma soo laabtay ka dib ayaa loo soo maray. Dhinacyada ayaa joogsadeen in la raadiyo tanaasul, iyo gobolka mar kale noqday dhibane u ahaa dhiig ah labada dhinac. Dagaalka afaraad ku dhamaaday 1573-m, laakiin 1574-m dhintay Korol Karl IX. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa dhaxla lahayn, sidaas si la Paris yimid inuu u taliyo walaalkiisii yaraa uu Henry III, kuwaas oo horey u lahaa waqti gaaban in uu sii joogo KT Poland.

Boqortooyada cusub mar kale isku hareereeyey baaxaa gambanaya. Hadda dagaalladii diimeed ee France, ee gaaban, mar kale dib u bilaabay, ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in Henry ma xakameeyo gobollada qaar ka mid ah dalka. Tusaale ahaan, in Champagne ku weerareen Tirada Jarmal Palatine, kuwaas oo si samatabbixinta ee Brotestanka degaanka yimid. Isla mar ahaantaana Waxaa Jirtay in Koox Catholic dhexdhexaad ah, ka taariikheeya loo yaqaan "caro u". Wakiilada dhaqdhaqaaqa this dooday in abuuritaanka dulqaadka diimaha ee dalka. Waxay ahaayeen biiray by badan ogaada waddani, daal dagaalka aan dhammaadka lahayn. In dagaal shanaad "oo caro" iyo Huguenots midaysanyihiin Valois. Giza mar kale jabiyay iyo kuwa iyo kuwa kale. Taas ka dib, qaar badan oo ka mid ah "Mana qanacsanaan" la dilay sidii xadgudbayaasha dowladda.

Catholic League The

In 1576, Henri de gambanaya aasaasay Catholic League ah, taas oo, ka France marka laga reebo, galeen Jesuits, Spain iyo baadari. Ujeedada ururka ay aheyd guuldaradii ugu danbeysay ee Huguenots ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, kooxda horyaalka ahaayeen dabaqadda sare oo doonayay in la xadido xoogga boqorka. Dagaallada Diinta iyo Boqortooyada buuxda ee France qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XVI waxay ahaayeen arrimaha ugu waaweyn ee saamaynta ku koorsada ee taariikhda dalka. Time ayaa muujisay in ka dib markii ay guul ee Bourbon boqorradii awoodda koray oo keliya, inkastoo ay isku day sharaf si aad u xaddido, ku andacoonaya of halganka ka dhanka ah Brotestanka ah.

Catholic League bilaabay dagaal lixaad (1576-1577), taas oo xuquuqda natiijada Huguenots ayaa si weyn u xaddiday. Waxay xarunta saamaynta wareejiyay koonfureed. Hogaamiyaha A aqoonsaday Genrih Protestant ku Navarrsky noqday, ka dib markii arooska, taas oo ka dhacay mararka qaar St. Bartolomayos ee xasuuqii Day.

Markaasaa boqorkii dalka boqortooyada yar ee Pyrenees, taas oo in guri ammaan Bourbon lahaayeen, ku noqday mid dhaxla carshiga Faransiis oo kaliya sababtoo ah ina childlessness Ekateriny Medichi. In Henry III ma lahayn farcankaaga, gelinaya Boqortooyada meel xasaasi ah. Sida ay sharciyada saldanadii, guuleystaan isaga ahaa qaraabo dhow in line lab. Waxaase xusid mudan, waxa ay noqotay Genrih Navarrsky. Marka hore, sidoo kale wuxuu ka yimid St. Louis, iyo marka labaad, codsadaha waxaa guursaday in a walaashiis Marguerite Boqortooyada (Margot).

War saddex Henry ah

dhibaatada saldanadii keentay in Henry dagaal saddex. dhexdoodana way isu la diriray in samigiisa - boqorkii dalka France, King of Navarre iyo Duke of gambanaya. Xiisadda, taas oo ka 1584 tageen inay 1589 sano ahayd ee la soo dhaafay in taxane ah oo dagaallo diimeed. Henry III laga badiyay xilli ciyaareedkan. In May 1588 dadka ugu horeysay ee Paris ka fallaagoobay, ka dib markii taas haystay inay Blois carari. In caasimada Faransiiska yimid Duke of gambanaya. Dhawr bilood ka dib, uu de taliye xorriyeysey ee dalka.

Si bartey la xaliyo khilaafka, gambanaya iyo Valois isku raaceen in la qabto shir of the-States Guud ee Blois. Duke waxaa yimid xanniban. Ilaalada dilay Boqorka Giza, ilaalinta, iyo ka dib walaalkiis. fal oo sirreyda ahayd ee Henry III ma ku dari in uu caan. Catholics Markaasay ka, jeedsadeen, iyo Pope iyo dhammaan habaaray.

In xagaagii 1589, Henry III ayaa middi Dominican wadaad Jacques Clément. dilaaga ahaa awoodaan iyadoo la kaashanayo dokumentiga been si ay u helaan dhagaystayaasha ah Boqorka. Markii ilaalada qaybsadeen for Heinrich, Monk si lama filaan ah ugu dhacday gudaha stylet intaa dheer. dilaaga bakhtiistay burburin goobta. Laakiin Henry III u dhintay dhaawacyo uu. Haddaba, waxba looga hortagi Boqorka Navarre si ay u noqdaan taliyihii France.

Ogaysiiskani ee Nabadaynta

Genrih Navarrsky noqday King of France 2 on August 1589 sano. Wuxuu ahaa Protestant ah, laakiin si ay u soo galaan a carshiga, ayuu diinta soo galaya. falkan loo ogol yahay Henry IV si ay u helaan dembidhaafka uu dembiyadii by Pope ee views uu hore "dhaxaltooyo". The sano ee hore ee boqortooyada Boqortooyada qaatay in isaga iyo kooxda ay xafiiltamaan siyaasadeed dagaalamaan iyo amar sheegan dalka oo dhan.

Waxa ay ahayd oo kaliya ka dib markii uu guul 1598, Henry Macca ee Nantes, taasoo xeer hoosaad xoriyada diinta dalka oo dhan. Sayidka dhamaaday dagaalladii diinta iyo sidii loo xoojin lahaa Boqortooyada ee France. Ka dib markii in ka badan soddon sannadood dhiig yimid nabad dheer la sugayay ee dalka. Huguenots helay xuquuqda cusub iyo kaalmooyinka araggiisu oo ka socda dawladda. Natiijada dagaalladii diimeed ee France ma aha oo kaliya in joojinta dagaallada u dheer, laakiin sidoo kale dhexe ee gobolka inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada guri ammaan Bourbon ah.