Wha Diesel: caddaymaha iyo dib u eegis

Mid ka mid ah ceebaha weyn ee warshadaha ee Ruush baabuurta waa la'aanta ah ee mass ka mid ah baabuurta naaftada. In view of shirkadaha maxaliga ah waxay leeyihiin si ay u isticmaalaan dhigooda shisheeye. Horumarinta ee matoorrada, kuwaas oo bilaabay kaliya ee qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, iyo ikhtiyaarka mass weli uusan ka muuqan. Next, waxaanu ka fiirsan baabuurta Vaz naaftada.

shuruudaha

The baabuurta naaftada tijaabo ugu horeysay u muuqday Yurub ee 30-ka. qarnigii la soo dhaafay. In USSR ah, this dhacay badan dambe, sababo dhowr ah.

Waa midda koowaade, unugyada awoodeed way adag tahay in sameeyo marka la barbardhigo dhigooda shidaalka.

Second, diesels in waqti la taaban karo ee Ree ka danbeeya waxqabadka.

Mar saddexaad, matoorrada Local uu kaga hadlay waxqabadka taban: heerka qaylada sare, dhibaatooyinka bilowga qabow, saaxiibnimo ah deegaanka hooseeyo.

Mar afraadka, waqtiga baasiin ku ahaa mid aad u raqiis ah, sidaas darteed xitaa qaar ka mid ah mashiino culus ayaa lagu qalabeeyey matoorada shidaal. Sida laga soo xigtay diesels sababaha inta badan loo isticmaalo on mashiinada culus, halkaas oo ay ahaayeen kuwo ka badan khuseeya badan matoorada shidaal ay sabab u-Xuddunta sare.

Mid ka mid ah baabuurta rakaabka Soviet ugu horeysay, ka heli engine naaftada ah, waxa ay noqotay GAZ-21 ah, iyo analoogga ay dhoofinta: in 60 ka. Mashiinka Belgian rakibay dhowr embodiments matoorada Hawada ee soo saaridda shisheeye.

In 70-mada. Waxaa bilaabay faafinta firfircoon ee matoorada naaftada ee baabuurta yar yar iyo fasalo dhexdhexaad ah. Sababta ugu weyn ee ay ahayd dhibaato dhinaca tamarta ah ee 1973 Baabuurta & Motors Local by markaas waxaad fartaan Wannaagga la taaban karo. Waxay ahaayeen kuwo ka xoogbadan ilaa batroolka dhigooda marka la eego tayada iyo cimri dherer by 1.5-2 jeer, ay sabab u tahay xoogga weyn ee qaybo ka mid ah. Performance ayaa sidoo kale xoojinaya isticmaalka tamarta.

naaftada First vazovskiy

On Automobile Volga ee Plant si ay u horumariyaan matoorada naaftada for moodooyinka rakaabka bilaabay in 80s ee. Samaynta, waxaa la go'aamiyay in la dhiso motor leh shidaalka uu soo saaray qaybaha farsamada, mashruuca la xaqiijiyay on 2108. In hortooda waxaa jiray dhibaato maqnaanshaha qalabka shidaalka matoorada naaftada baabuurta rakaabka.

Sidaas darteed, iyadoo ay ku saleysan block 2103 abuuray powerplant Hawada Vaz-341 mugga 1.45 litir oo 55 litir. a. Waxaa ka duwan design precombustion micnahoodu ma aagga qalab carburetion, iyo in qol gooni ah. Electronics maqan. Qaybinta shidaalka ee dhululubada waxay u qaadeen bamka shidaalka cadaadis sare. By design, Vaz naaftada la mid ah Ford Motors iyo Volkswagen hore 80-mada. Waxa ku xusan in engine iyo muunad la soo dhaafay ayaa loo qaaday u tahay horumarka.

Sida laga soo xigtay natiijooyinkii imtixaanka xaqiijiyay in ay tahay aan la aqbali karin in la isticmaalo caadiga ah qaybo "gaas". Diesel Vaz, sida matoorrada kale oo nooca xamuulka lagu gartaa kordhay ay sabab u tahay saamiga riixo sare. Taas darteed dad badan oo ka mid ah waxyaabaha ka dhiman xoog, gaar ahaan hab kumbyuutarradeedu iyo kooxda qalab. Waxaa xaaladda sii xumeeyay by-saarka ee sax hooseeyo.

Iyada oo ku saleysan this, 1984, waxaa la go'aamiyay in la abuuro naaftada ah 1.7 litir salaysan Vaz-2106 isticmaalaya xubno 21083.

In 1986 wuxuu abuuray version a turbocharged awoodda 3411 ee 65 litir. a. iyo 114 nm, oo la sii daayay laba qalabeysan waxa ay la, "Nivå" la index ah 21215. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ku kala bexeen, si ugu dhaqsaha badan.

Laakiinse, Vaz-2105 la motor 341-m helay imtixaanada gobolka index 21055, ayaa ka gudbay in 1986-1988, si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo ay midoobeen of motor la baatrool ah, gaariga u ordin oo aanan wax soo saarka. Tani waxa ay ahayd sabab u tahay sababo badan. Mid ka mid ah ugu weyn ee ah - la'aanta ah ee taageero dhaqaale oo gobolka.

matoorada naaftada taxane

Marka xiga ee horumarka ah ee matoorada naaftada wha qaaday in 1996 la "Barnaultransmash". Terms of iskaashiga maleeyey in warshad labaad soo saari doonaa cutubyo awood horumarinta Vaz. qoyska saddex matoorada ayaa la abuuray.

Waxa uu noqday bilowga motor ah 341-th, kor u 1,52 litir mugga. 343 engine More hufan lahaa mugga a of 1.8 litir. Doorashada ugu awood badan - waa Vaz isla naaftada qalabaysan marawaxadaha IHI, la index ee 3431. matoorada The helay qalabka shidaalka Bosch.

Iyadoo la tixraacayo this horumariyo kala duwan oo ka mid ah beddelka naaftada lagu daydo caadiga ah. matoorada noocan oo kale ah waxaa la qorsheeyey in la isticmaalo gawaarida loo adeegayaa. Sayidka, 21045 iyo 21048 gaadhi oo la qorsheeyay in ay qalabeeyaan aspirated embodiments 341 iyo 343, siday u kala horreeyaan. On the "Fields" 21215-50 iyo 21215-70 in lagu rakibi 1.8 litir si dabiici ah aspirated iyo turbocharged matoorada, siday u kala horreeyaan, on the-Vaz 21315 - oo kaliya 3431.

By 2000 Barnaul Plant guuleysto wax soo saarka ee matoorada naaftada, xogta, iyo wax soo saarka iyada oo loo marayo tijaabo bilaabay on rakibo of a engine naaftada Vaz-2104 iyo 2105. baabuurta waxaa loo soo saaray yaalla yar.

Inkastoo waxqabadka masaakiinta, baabuur motor soo dhawaaday. Waayo, wax qabadka shidaalka hoos u unit awood suubban ee dhaqdhaqaaqii waxa aan ahaa mid muhiimad gaar ah lagu daydo, laakiin dhaqaalaha si muuqata u korortay. Isla mar ahaantaana engine ku lahaa dhibaato la mid ah sida 341 Vaz ugu horeysay ee naaftada th, ay sabab u tahay xoog hoose farsamo ee kooxda qalab waxa uu ahaa mid aad u gaaban ku noolaa. nolosha Engine ahayd 30-40 kun. Km. Markay masaafada Repair sida Vaz naaftada loo baahan yahay, oo ka kooban in bedelka ee dhululubo ee wada jir ah ula group qalab ah.

Waqti ka, dhibaatooyinka farsamada badan ayaa lagu xalin, taasoo keentay in kor u cimri dherer engine. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 2003, Vaz-21045 waxaa laga saaro wax soo saarka. The haray 500 matoorada Vaz-341 rakibay on basas, helay index 21055. Total soo saaray oo ku saabsan 6,000 oo baabuurta naaftada ka badan 3 sano.

Sababaha failure

wax soo saarka Mass baabuurta rakaabka naaftada ayaa ku guuldareysatay inay la dhiso, sababo dhowr ah. ugu weyn ee The iyaga ka mid ah - unprofitability ee saamaxaaddu ee matoorada sida sababta oo ah design si weyn u dhacsan. matoorada wuxuu lahaa nidaamka precombustion la mid ah sida noocooda ugu horeeyay ee 341-th, oo si weyn u Ree ka danbeeya dhigooda casriga ah ee qaab iyo saaxiibnimo ah deegaanka. Si loo gaaro waxqabadka la aqbali karo waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd in la abuuro design a engine kala duwan. horumarinta Independent loo arkaa wax tar lahayn, iyo la-hawlgalayaasheeda farsamo for this ma ahaa. Intaa waxaa dheer, soo saarka waa la iibin si fiican Vaz oo aan naaftada.

matoorada amaahatay

Tan ma jirin Vaz naaftada mass rakaab sax ah si joogta ah amaahatay kooxda motor.

Sidaas daraaddeed, 1981, waxaa loo arkaa macquul ah ee diinta ka shidaal engine Vaz-2121 ee ka qaybgalka naaftada Porche.

Laga soo bilaabo 1987 ilaa 1990 saaraha in lala soo dejiso Jarmalka Deutsche Lada ayaa soo saartay qorshe si loo abuuro version dhoofinta Nivå la unit awood Volkswagen ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shirkadda diiday in ay la qabsadaan oo ay engine 1.9 litir in madal Nivå.

In 1993 wuxuu u suurtagashay in ay iskaashi si la mid ah la Peugeot. Wakiishay by soo dejiso Jean Faransiiska Halka soo saaraha ayaa ku habboon ee engine 1.9L XUD-9L loogu rakibo ee-Vaz 2121. mashiinada saaraha ku hawlan "Lada-dhoofinta". Waxaa sida caadiga ah u dhiibay "Nivå", iyo motor caadiga ah waxaa lagu bedelay Faransiis. Total soo saaray oo ku saabsan 6,000 gawaarida sida in France, Spain, Italy iyo suuqyada kale ee Yurub.

Waxaa intaa dheer, in Italy, "Martorelli" qalabaysan "Nivå" motor VM iyo FNM ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, la hordhaca ah ee heerarka deegaanka Euro-2-soo-saarka yar-yar ee naaftada "Neve" dhameystirtay.

In 1998, wada jir ah ula Peugeot iyo "Martorelli" Vaz isku dayeen in ay calan kor u-soo-saarka ee "Fields" la motor Peugeot XUD-9SD. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shaqada ayaa sidoo kale in la joojiyay sababo la xiriira hordhaca ah ee Euro-3 heerarka.

Intaa waxaa dheer, ka 1995 si ay u 1997 TDU5 PSA engine ka Peugeot ah 106 oo Citroen Saxo la lifaaqan dhinac saddexaad oo lagu rakibay ee asalka ah sii kordhaya Samara suuqa Faransiis iyo wadamada Benelux.

tijaabo Recent

Sanadkii 2007, Chevrolet Nivå on baahida shakhsiga "Theme Plus" dhigaya motor FNM ah.

In 2014, Lada 4x4 tijaabiyay 1.3 litir 75 hp ah. a. motor Fiat Multijet. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxa aan ahaa socon gudbinta Xuddunta ah la yareeyo ama la taararka circuitry analog for CAN-baska.

baabuurta Super sahamiyey suurtagalnimada ee dejinta in ay "Lada" 4x4 1.5 litir engine naaftada ka Duster Renault ah by 2015. Intaa waxaa dheer, gaariga tijaabo ayaa la abuuray oo leh 100-hooras 1.8 litir engine.

Qorshahaa waxa ka mid ah matoorada naaftada

taxane unit awood Basic abuuray by casriyeeyo ku engine ugu horeeyay 341-th Vaz: naaftada waxaa kordhay 4 mm stroke qalab (84 mm). Iyada oo lacagta uu kor ka 1.45 in 1,52 litir. madaxa dhululubada ah laga sameeyey aluminium, bushing hago, kursiga waalka - bir ah ee kabka qolalka qobays sari alloyed - of superalloy ah. hab qaybinta gaaska ka-Vaz 2108 amaahatay. hab-shaqaynta casilay elektropereplava dusha biiyaha. Crankshaft - ka 2103 la korodhay dulqaadka qallafsanaan faafin guuro. rigidity kordhay oo ka mid ah qaab-dhismeedka loo shubay 2103. shumac incandescent ku rakibnay. heleynin Motor qalabaysan awoodda of 1.7 kw (1.9 ee Vaz-21055). Tani waxay u baahan yahay batariga-awood sare (AA 60 ama 65 saacadood). Intaas waxaa sii dheer, rakibay bamka shidaalka Bosch iyo bamka vacuum ah si ay u abuuraan vacuum ah ee suunka jejebiyey.

Waxaa baddalista deforsirovan 3413 loogu talagalay cagaf is haysta iyo drive koronto. From caadiga motor ah 341-th waa xadka kala duwan xawaaraha ugu badan in 3000 halkii 4800.

1.8 matoorada litir abuuray by sii kordhaya dhexroor dhululubo ka 76 si ay u 82 mm.

Waxaa turbocharged duwanaanshaha 1.45 liter engine 341 (3411) iyo Vaz-343 (3431 la marawaxadaha IHI ah)

astaamaha farsamo

Sida kor ku xusan, sababta oo ah design huriye Vaz-341 ayaa soo saarka hooseeyo marka loo eego analogs ee waayahaas. Its awoodda waa 54 litir. a. at 4600 rev / min, Xuddunta ah - 92 nm ee 2300 rev / min. Taasi waa, xataa on tilmaame labaad, waxay siinaysaa si ay baabuurta shidaalka (103 nm at Vaz-21043) oo. Most-Xuddunta sare xowliga yar bixiya muuqaallo kale qaab kale oo ratio marsho hoos.

Version 3413 derated in 32 litir. a. at 3000 rev / min.

Dabcan, wax soo saar badan 1.8 L Vaz naaftada: caddaymaha dhigi 65 litir. a. at 4600 rev / min iyo 114 nm ee 2500 rev / min.

muuqashadii Turbocharged yeesho 80 l. a. at 4600 rev / min iyo 147 nm ee 2500 r / min.

baabuurta naaftada

Rakibaadda naaftada for Vaz-2104 waxaa fuliyay Waaxda daryeelka iyo dayactirka baabuurta Vaz. wax soo saarka Pilot bilaabay sanadkii 1998, sii daayo Dufcaddii ah 50 mashiinada la 341-m naaftada (21045).

Later waxay bilaabeen inay tijaabiso mishiinka leh engine ah 343-th (21048) oo ay dib u eegis (khayraadka isku dayay in la kordhiyo ilaa 150 Km kun.). Waxaa la qorsheeyey in la dhiso wax soo saarka sanadkii 2005, laakiin waxa uu ku guuldareystay.

Vaz-21315 ayaa loo diyaariyey in la sii daayo 2002, laakiin sidoo kale ma ordaya.

Features

baabuur Diesel qoreysa sifooyinka design ka mid ah shidaalka Vaz-2104. Diesel sababtoo ah mass weyn dalbaday in la dhiso xoojiyeen guga ganaax hore. Labada ciyaaryahan Main lagu bedelay la 4.1 si 3.9. Si aad u magdhabo qaylada ku kordheen tan iyo engine naaftada lagu rakibay ee qol engine ningax u dhawaaq oo dheeraad ah (si loo ilaaliyo madax-gashi iyo guryaha). biibiile Qiiqa duudduubay loop si looga fogaado faddarayn of danbas ilayska midig. On dashboard halkaas joogay laambad kululaynta fur siyasad iyo muhiimka ah ee kululeeyaha filter shidaalka (kiiskan ma aha on laambad).

Reviews

Wax yar ka dib suxufiyiinta "giraangirta" baabuur la kulmay Vaz naaftada. Reviews tusi more engine is-hawlgalka at REVS hooseeyo. Sidaas daraaddeed, xitaa si aad u hesho socdo noqon kartaa marsho ah 5-tii, oo 30 km / h bilaabo riixdaan siman. Marka si dhakhso ah baabuur wadista, on lid ku ah, aad qabtid in ay beddelaan inta badan baabuur baatrool ah, sababta oo ah labada gaabisay ugu weyn. Sayidka kiis kasta ee dhaqdhaqaaqa baabuurka naaftada waa ilaa hadda ka dambeeya. Kaliya xowliga yar, yar faa'iido.

dardargelinta ayaa si Baansinka 100 km / h Vaz-2104 dhakhso 8. Ka sokow mashiinka naaftada liita xawaaraha ugu badan ee 13 km / h. Marka dardar-ka stroke ah 20 ilaa 90 km / h ka yar farqiga (3 seconds). Intaa waxaa dheer, dib u eegista ee publications "Auto", naaftada ah Kobocii reaction in baydalka gaaska.

Iyadoo la tixgelinayo heerka qaylada sare, kaasoo inta badan lagu gartaa engine oo caynkaas ah, naaftada Vaz si weyn buunkii at ula taagtaagan (6-8 dB (A)). Iyada oo Kacdoonkii sii kordhaya kala duwan yihiin waa la dhimay by 3.1 dB (A), ka dibna baaba'aa.

The saxafiyiinta natiijooyinka baaritaanka helay farqiga 10% ah ee isticmaalka shidaalka celcelis ahaan xaaladaha isku dhafan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, faa'iido dhaqaale ee la isticmaalayo engine naaftada, qiimo motor shidaalka ah markii baaritaanka wuxuu ahaa 36%. Reporters xisaabiyay, in badan oo $ 1,300 qiimaha mashiinka bixinaya off for Km 180 kun..

Jawaab-celinta ka gudboonaato Vaz-21048, waxa uu ku soo baxay ka badan ayaa isku dheeli tiran oo, in ka badan-Xuddunta sare mahad, wuxuu kuu ogolaanayaa inaad beddelato badan ka yar.

Iyadoo engine isku si fiican u laftiisa tusay "Nivå", gaar ahaan off-road.

Vaz-3411 on motor ka mid ah in qof 2121. Sida engine shidaal u soo jeestay, waxaa fiican u muuqato xawaare sare. Marka waa xawaare yar yahay riixdaan waa hoose xitaa ka badan kuwa Vaz-21213, in waxaa loogu dhawaaqaa arakayo turbo.

waxqabadka

Sababo la miisaankiisu culus ee engine ee gaari ee Vaz-21045 kordhay 1.06 m (40 kg marka la barbar dhigo 21043), wadarta - ilaa 1,515. Sida ay soo saaraha, xawaaraha 100 km / h ee 23 sec (more 6), xawaaraha ugu badan - 125 km / h (in ka yar 18 km / h). isticmaalka shidaalka ee 5.2 litir oo 90 km / hr, 7.5 litir at 120 km / h iyo 6.2 l ee jawi magaalo (7, 9.9, 9.8 L ee 21043, siday u kala horreeyaan).

Mashiinka la dhaqdhaqaaqa 343-m motor u dhaw in ay baabuur batroolka Vaz. 1.8 Diesel litir bixisaa xawaaraha 100 km / h 19 seconds iyo xawaaraha ugu badan oo ah 133 km / h.

Dardar-Vaz-21215-50 ilaa 100 km / h ee 25 s, xawaaraha ugu badan waa 127 km / h ka dhanka ah 19 iyo 137 km / h leeyihiin 21213.

Vaz-21215-70 ee dhaqdhaqaaqa of dardargelinta waa loo siman yahay ilaa batroolka "Field" oo ku dambaysaa at xawaaraha ugu badan ee 7 km / h.