Yak-9: sifooyinka iyo marka la barbardhigo analogues

Yak-9 - dagaal-qarxiyay, waxaa soo saaray Midowga Soofiyeeti ka 1942 si ay u 1948. Waxaa la sameeyay xubnaha Design Bureau Tupolev, waxayna Noqdeen dagaalka ugu weyn Soviet dagaalka ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Lixdii sannadood ee wax soo saarka ku dhowaad 17,000 nuqul la dhisay. Maanta waxaan ku baran doonaa sida loo sifooyinka of model this mahad uu noqday sidaas oo guul.

History of the Yak-9 dagaalka

diyaarad Tani waxa ay ahayd natiijadii ka mid ah casriyeynta Yak-7 iyo in ka badan dhacsan Yak-1. Eegaysana ee design, waa version ah kor Yak-7. Dibadda, ka-Yak 9 waa shiidaa isku mid ah in ay ka horreeyay, laakiin haddii kale waa ka kaamilsan. Marka la abuurayo samaynta diyaarad ku shaqeeya ku dhawaad laba sano waayo-aragnimo ee dhiig-miirashada-soo-saarka iyo dagaalka oo ka mid ah model Yak-1. Intaa waxaa dheer, waqtiga abuurka ah samaynta cusub diyaaradaha fursad u leeyihiin inay ballaaran isticmaalka duralumin halkii ay bilowgii dagaalka, marka warshadaha Soviet waa ay yar yihiin in wax this. Isticmaalka duralumin siinayo yareyn dhismeedka mass. kiiloogaraam guuleystay injineerada loo isticmaali karo in la kordhiyo sahayda shidaalka, rakibo hub awood dheeraad ah ama qalab gaar ah oo dheeraad ah oo kala duwan.

Fighter Yak-9 ahaa mid caawisa oo ku aamin Soviet Air Force inta lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka. In 1944, mishiinka ayaa la isticmaalay in dhowr qeybood oo waa ka hor in tirada koobiyada oo dhan Xarakada wixii wakhtigaas in adeeg la Midowga Soofiyeeti. Just qiyaasi: lambarka warshad Novosibirsk ah 153 maalin kasta in ay soo saaraan 20 ka mid ah diyaaradaha kuwaas! Ka sokow shirkadaan, dagaalka soo saaray ee warshadda Moscow № 82 iyo dhirta Omsk № 166.

Diyaaradda ayaa ka qayb qaatay oo dhan hawlgallada ee Air Force Soofiyeeti, laga bilaabo Battle of Stalingrad. Dhamaan versions of dagaalka ah (oo ay jiraan kuwo badan oo a) lahaa diyaarad u fiican iyo sifooyinka farsamo oo ahaa wax garad wax cilado hawl keeni shilalka. Xaaladdan oo kale, design diyaaradda ahaa mid aad u fudud oo ku habboon wax soo saarka si degdeg ah SOFHURA. Ku dhowaad dhammaan of qalabka wax soo saarka ee la macmalay ee shirka on-site.

design

Asal Yak-9 dagaalyahan helay M motor iyo fur-105PF VISH-61P. noocooda ah ee model this u adeegi jireen sida-Yak 7DI. Faraqa ugu weyn ee u dhexeeya model cusub ka maamaan waa: xaddiga shidaalka, hoos ka 500 320 kg, tirada haamaha shidaalka, 4 ilaa 2 dhimay, sahayda oo saliid ah hoos ka 50 ilaa 30 kg, hayayaasha qarax maqan bombooyinka ganaax dibadda.

Laga soo bilaabo barta of view of hubka, Yak-9 ma ku kala duwan yihiin ururka ka horeeyey, mid ka mid ah qoriga ShVAK iyo qoriga mid WCD. Maaddaama ay heerka wax soo saarka yar yahay oo ay gacanta ku yar adag ee wax soo saarka serial ee diyaaradda, marka loo eego sii daynta khibrad leh, miisaanka duulimaadka model kor u 2870-2875 kg.

dagaalka ee Soviet Yak-9 iyo sidoo maneuvered oo ahaa fududahay in la shaqeeyaan. In dagaalka ku verticals oo wuxuu dabada cadowga Mu-109F tegi karin macno ahaan ka dib markii markeeda ugu horeysay. In dagaalka ku horizontals ee dhaqdhaqaaq la mid ah uu ahaa ku filan 3-4 markooda.

In xagaagii 1943, ay sabab u tahay horumar la'aan of technology saaridda, dhowr gaari lagu jiro dayuurada ka qarxay daaha geedo laga saameyo alwaax ah garabka. cilladaha noocan oo kale ah ayaa ku hartay sida ay u noqdaan kuwo la heli karo by kooxo gaar ah oo injineerada. In wax soo saarka ka mid ah beddelka dambe oo ka mid ah Yak-9 dagaalyahan, dib u eegidda oo la hoos ku siiyey, dhibaatada waxaa gebi ahaanba ka reebtay.

dagaal hawlgalka

Xarakada horeysay Yak-9 waxaa loo soo dhiibay hore dhamaadkii 1942 iyo ka qeyb qaatay dagaalka Stalingrad. In 1943, inta lagu guda jiro umulinta wadareedkii ugu horeeyay, waxaa la ogaadey tiro ka mid ah ayna duleella in laga daayey by shaqaalaha dayactirka ka hor dagaalka Kursk ah - marka hore, kaas oo ka tirsan of model ah loo isticmaalo tiro badan. Bilawgii dagaalka Yak-9, marka lagu daro Yak-1 iyo Yak-7 isticmaalo 5 kooxihii diyaarad dagaal, mid ka mid ah taas oo ahayd ilaalada. Dhamaadka July 1943 on faa'iido Kursk ku yimid 11-kii Air Corps, kaas oo ka koobnaa saddex regiments of Yak-9.

Xitaa dagaal ugu horeysay hawada, waxaa caddaatay in-Yak 9 si fiican loo xakameeyo iyo maneuvered, laakiin xawaaraha iyo hub ciidan uu qirtay diyaarad BF 109G iyo FW 190A.

Version of the-Yak 9T helay Fadilmo tayo badan salka ka barta of view of hubka. Sida tirakoobka show-Yak 9 qaatay mid ka mid ah soo gaartay celcelis diyaarad cadowga projectiles heerkiisa 20 147 mm, iyo Yak-9T - gano 37 ka mid ah 31-mm. Mid ka mid ah regiments hore waxaa ku jiray hubaysan Yak-9T ahaa Giap ah 133aad. Diyaaradaha, oo sita madfac 37-millimeter, ayaa si guul leh loo isticmaalo, xitaa cadowga gaadiidka iyo maraakiibta gaashaaman.

Operation of diyaarad dagaal ee dagaalka dhabta ah Yak-9 muujisay in kororka in sahayda shidaalka xaaladaha inta ugu badan shaqayn karto. shidaalka dheeraadka ah waa waaya'aragnimo in uu saameyn xun ku survivability ee mishiinka. Sidaa darteed taangiyada cantilever inta badan xiran la gelanayo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jiray baahi ah in la kordhiyo kala duwan oo horyaalka dhacdooyinka qaar ka mid ah dagaalka. Sidaas daraaddeed, in August 1944, koox ka mid ah 12 version diyaaradaha ee Yak 9DD Ulasocto diyaarado xamuul oo laga Italy si Yugoslavia. Intaa waxaa dheer, ka-Yak 9DD la keenay meeluu qarax lagu jiro "Frentik" hawlgalka ee 1944.

Tan iyo December 1944 model Yak-9B diriray ee dagaalka Division 130 th, hoos Front Byelorussian ku Saddexaad. A-dhaadheer Yak-9PD lagu wareejiyay qaybaha hubka Moscow VOP. Bishii October 1944 wuxuu ka dhigay kulankiisii ugu horeysay ee dagaalka Yak-9U Fighter - wuxuu galay adeega la 163rd Fighter Ciidankii, ka hawlgala Maraykanka bari. Diyaaradan ayaa lagu muujiyey dagaalka model koritaanka af iman kara Yak-9. laba bilood gudahood imtixaanka, waxa uu ka qayb-galay 18 dagaallada, rasaas hoos 28 dagaalyahan FW 190A iyo mid BF 109G. Isla mar ahaantaana waxaa jiray lumay kaliya labo mashiin Soviet.

Markii dagaalkii Great Patriotic galay wajiga ugu danbeeya maray, dagaalka ka Yak-9, sifooyinka of kuwaas oo si joogto ah u soo hagaagtay, waxa uu noqday mid ka mid ah dagaalyahanada weyn ee Soviet. xaaladda Tani waxaa la hadhay sannadaha guudahaan hore. Bishii September 1946, on model diyaaradda Yak-9 tiriyaa 31% ka mid ah sideeda oo ah diyaaradda dagaalka USSR. Dagaalka ka dib, beddelka kala duwan ee diyaaradda in la isticmaalo ilaa bilowgii 1960. Waxa intaa dheer in Ciidamada Cirka iyo duulista ciidamada badda ee USSR ah, waxay la isticmaalay by ciidamada huwanta. In xagaagii 1943 Yak-9 iyo Yak-9D galay adeega ciidankii Faransiis "Normandy". Bishii September ee sanadka soo socda waxaa lagu wareejiyay dagaalka ee xisbiga Bulgaria, oo madaxyo simanna leh ee isbahaysiga anti-Hitler. In dayrta ee 1945 model Yak-9 iyo Yak-9T isticmaalo xoog hawada Polish ee Poland iyo Northern Germany. Intaa waxaa dheer, diyaaradaha ee model ah oo ku saabsan hubka Chinese, Hungary, Yugoslavia, North Korea iyo Albania taagan.

Yak-9: sooc

version aasaasiga ah ee diyaaradaha ee 1942 wuxuu lahaa sifooyinka soo socda:

1. Length - 8.5 m.
2. Wing taako - 9,74 m.
3. Aagga Wing - 17,15 m ^2.
4. load gaarka ah garabka - 167 kg / m ^2.
5. miisaanka faaruqa ah ee diyaaradda - 2277 kg.
6. Qaado-off miisaanka - 2873 kg.
7. awood Motor - 1180 l. a.
8. load The gaar ah xoogga - 2.43 kg / l. a.
9. xawaaraha ugu badan ee badda - 520 km / h.
10. xawaaraha ugu badan ee sare - 599 km / h.
11. dhigay height of 5 km - 5.1 min.
12. gacnta waqti - 15-17.
13. saqafka la taaban karo - 11,100 m.
14. kala duwan oo wax ku ool ah - 875 km.
15. Hub ciidan - 1x20 mm ShVAK, 1h12,7 mm UBS.

beddelka

Intii ay taariikhda, Yak-9 helay tiro badan oo ah hab doorinta. Kartida in wax laga badalo in noocyo kala duwan oo nooca iyo mashiinada dagaal Ujeedada noqday ay feature ugu muhiimsan. Diyaaradan ayaa lahaa 22 beddelka waaweyn, 15 ka mid ah oo u tegey si taxane. Inta uu hawlgalka socday dagaalka dhameystirtay shan nooc oo propulsion, Haamaha Shiidaalka lix embodiments heshiis, toddoba embodiments gacmaha iyo laba nooc oo qalab gaar ah. Dagaalka wuxuu lahaa laba aasaas kala duwan ka soo kasta oo noocyo garabka kale: isku qasan oo dhan-birta. Dhamaan versions marka laga reebo Yak-9 saldhig dagaalka ah, siidaynta taas oo aanu horay u wada hadleen, lahaa index u gaar ah. In la helo qof aqoon u leh hab doorinta aasaasiga ah ee dagaalka halyeeyga.

Yak-9D

beddelid The kala duwan kordhay 480 kiiloogaraam oo sahayda shidaalka. Diyaaradda ayaa ku qalabeysan yahay afar halkii laba Haamaha Shiidaalka: laba xidid iyo laba Console. Iyada oo xal this, kala duwan oo diyaarad ay kor u 1400 km. habeynta la soo saaray ka March 1943 ilaa May 1944. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan, conveyor soo degay 3068 nuqul.

Yak-9T

In ka beddelid this, madfac 20 mm a lagu badalay qoriga 37-mm la projectiles rasaas 30. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in qalab cusub dheer yahay, qol ku lahaa in dib by 40 cm u dhaqaaqay. model ayaa la soo saaray gu'gii 1943 in xagaaga 1945. 2748 nuqulada la sameeyey markii this.

Yak-9K

version waxa uu leeyahay qoriga 45-millimeter ah NS-45. In si loo yareeyo ciidamada saameynta, 7ts qayb, foosto ku rakiban ku jejebiyey xakame. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, markii rasaas at sare dadajiyaa diyaarada soo jeestay, iyo pilot soo maray gariir xoog leh. Samaynta ku talinaynaa in ay toogtaan inay Cadha daraadeed gaaban saddex darbo. kubad Second Yak-9K lahaa miisaanka a of 5,53 kg. In muddo ah laga bilaabo Abriil ilaa June 1944 53 diyaaradaha ee version this waxaa la abuuray. In qaabka guud ee tijaabooyin ciidamada ay ka sameeyeen 51 dagaal, garaacid 8 diyaaradood FW-190A-8 iyo 4 diyaaradood BF-109G. Xaaladdan oo kale, khasaaraha lacag dagaalka mid kaliya. In mid ka mid ah diyaaradaha fiilo celcelis ahaan lahaa 10 wareeg oo madfac 45 mm. Sababo la la'aanta ah ee isku halaynta of wax soo saarka mass ee hubka ayaa waxaa laga beddelo.

Yak-9TK

diyaaradaha ee version this helay dhisme sii xoojiyeen ka mid ah cutubyo ka mid ah, iyo sidoo kale habka qoriga dhexe midaysan a sii kordhaya kaas oo u ogolaanaya bedelka qalabka beerta ku. Dagaalka ayaa la dhigay in qeybtii labaad ee 1943.

Yak-9

diyaarad waa horumarka ka mid ah model Yak-9D la sooctey oo ka mid ah model Yak-9T. Intaa waxaa dheer, version this leeyahay tiro ka mid ah hagaajinta. Waayo, sifooyinka duulimaadka aerobatic iyo ma kala duwan yihiin ka-Yak 9D. Laakiin dhamaadka 1944, diyaarad ku dhisay VK-105PF-2 ah oo awood badan engine, kaas oo uu noqdo xawaaraha sii badan iyo heerka of fuulid. Yak-9 waxa uu noqday mid ka mid ah baabuurta ugu caansan ee kala duwan model Xarakada Yak-9. Photos of diyaaradaha this heli karo qof kasta oo War ka Great Patriotic. Wadar ah 4239 nuqullo ayaa la soo saaray.

Yak-9c

Diyaaradan ayaa waxaa la dhisay oo ku salaysan-Yak 9 milyan oo helay engine isku. Si ka duwan version aasaasiga ah waxaa la ansixiyay, oo ay ku jiraan qoryaha 23-millimeter ah NS-23 iyo labo ka mid ah synchronous qoryaha 20-millimterovyh BS-20C. Sababtoo ah oo ka mid ah natiijada lagu qancin ee imtixaanada gobolka ee 1945, model ahaa marna la gelin wax soo saarka serial.

Yak-9DD

In 1944, model la dhisay Tu-2, waayo, statistics agabka kuma filna xitaa Yak-9D. Intaa waxaa dheer, Midowga Soofiyeeti loo baahan yahay kala duwan oo diyaarad, duulimaad oo u oggolaan lahaa si ay u fuliyaan hawlgallo dagaal lala isbahaysiga diyaaradaha anti-Hitler ah. model A haboon ahaa-Yak 9DD. taangiyada Rakibaadda 8 garabka ayaa kor u kacay awoodda shidaalka ee model ah ilaa 630 kg. Intaa waxaa dheer, qalabka instrumentation iyo isgaarsiinta ayaa waxaa dib u habaynta si loo xaqiijiyo badbaadada fog iyo in xaaladaha cimilada allifey.

kala duwan oo ugu badnaan Yak-9DD duulimaadka ahaa 1800 km. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, uu miisaanka ahaa rikoor fasalka this of diyaarad - 3390 kg. dagaalka Hubaynta ahaa caadiga ah ee qoyska ka mid ah Yak - heerkiisa madfac of 20 mm iyo qoriga heerkiisa 12.7 mm. Yak-9DD arrin si weyn loo isticmaalo.

Dhamaadka xagaagii 1944 koox ka mid ah 20 diyaaradda u tageen inay salka sokeeye, oo ku yaalla meel u dhow magaalada Talyaaniga ee Bari si ay u taageeraan diyaaradaha gaadiidka Su-47, kaas oo ka samatabbixiyaa kuwa xamuulka inay Yugoslavia. Iyadoo qayb ka ah dib u dejinta waxaa fuliyey dhererka duulimaadka ee 1,300 km, iyo qayb ka mid ah ugu weyn ee masaafada u dhulkooda dhex maray. Kooxda ayaa ka dhigay 150 weera ah, kaas oo, inkastoo la'aanta ah ee kulan la diyaaradaha cadowga, waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad u daran. Waxaa xusid mudan in halka Su-47 degtey diyaarad iyo dejinta sameeyaa, Xarakada raad iyaga ka filan in hawada loo dirayo dib. Waayo, wakhtiga oo dhan ka ah hawlgalka diyaaradaha aan la diiwaan hal failure.

Yak-9P

Ma sahan-duwan oo gaaban, taas oo ka version aasaasiga ah ee Yak-9, sifooyinka oo aynu ognahay, joogitaanka camera anteenada ee qol a free kala duwan. qalab kuu oggolaanayaa in aad ka height ah 300 ilaa 3000 mitir toogtaan. version labaad ee badalaada this ahayd mid ku salaysan ka-Yak 9D. Wuxuu ma aha oo kaliya lahaa qalabka loogu soo ilaalayn, laakiin waxa uu ahaa in ka badan qaababka teknoolojiyad sare oo dhan. Yak-9P ayaa soo saaray tiro yar oo loo isticmaalo meelaha sahaminta by diyaarad kale oo ay adag tahay ama la xaajoon jiray halis dhab ah.

I-9B

Dagaalka-qarxiyay Yak-9B la dhisay on 9D model salka. In meesha bannaan ee ka dambeeya qol ah waxaa lagu qalabeeyay bay qarax oo ka kooban afar tuubooyinka, taas oo qaadi karta afar bam 100-pound ama afar cajalado, mid kasta oo ka kooban 32 anti qarax wadareed. tijaabooyin la qarxiyay bilawday Maarso 1944. Sida ay natiijada weera ah, ku-Yak 9B halaagnay 29 taangiyada, 22 gawaadhida gaashaaman, 1014 gaadiidka, saldhigyada 20 g / d 161 tareenka dhismaha baabuur, 7 qori, 18 tareen iyo 4 Kaydadka shidaalka. Guud ahaan, ay shirkadaha Soviet soo saaray 109 qarax oo kale.

Yak-9PD

Tani interceptor la motor-105PD M, supercharger oo kordhay badh Raven mitir. saqafka la taaban karo version tani waa 13 100 km. In 1943, ku salaysan Yak-9 5 baabuurta ka mid ah ayaa soo saaray, iyo in 1944, oo ku salaysan-Yak 9U - 30.

Yak-9U

Dabayaaqadii 1943, waxaa la abuuray by laba Xarakada hoos magaca Yak-9U: mid ku qalabaysan motor ah M-107A, iyo kuwa kale oo - u M-105PF-2. Intaa waxaa dheer, ee design iyo aerodynamics of version saldhigga ayaa lagu soo hagaagtay. Hubaynta labada lagu daydo la soo bandhigay qori dhexe (heerkiisa of 23 mm for engine ee dagaalka M-105PF-2 iyo heerkiisa ah 20 mm for version la motor M-107A) iyo labo ka mid ah 12.7 millimterovyh qoryaha. Natiijada imtixaanka ee Institute Ciidamada Cirka ah, kala duwanaansho leh motor M-107A aqoonsan yahay sida ugu fiican ee Xarakada halkaas tijaabiyey weligiisba. Bishii Abriil 1944, wax soo saarka mass of diyaaradda ayaa la aasaasay. In dayrta ee 1944, inta lagu guda jiro maxkamad laba bilood ah in 18 dagaal duuliye toogtay hoos 27 FW-190A iyo 1 BF-109G. Isla mar ahaantaana waxaa laga badiyay kaliya labo ka tirsan. Faa'iida kaliya muhiim ah mishiinka ahaa share yar oo ah warshad koronto ka.

Yak-9UT

Waa Yak-9U oo leh hub aad u fara badan. Duulimaadyadu waxay ku qalabeeyeen saddex qori: 37 milimitir dhexe iyo laba laba jibbaar. Cabbirka salvo labaad ee dagaalkan ayaa ahaa waqtigaas rikoodhka USSR - 6 kg. Meesha ka hoosaysa saxaafada dhexe ayaa midaysan. Ka dib markii lagu rakibay 45-malyan oo karoon, waxay ahayd suurtogal in kor loo qaado miisaankii labaad ee 9.3 kg. Inta kale ee diyaaraduhu way ka duwanaydeen Yak-9U. Muddo 3 bilood ah oo la sii daayo 282 nuqul ayaa ka soo baxay khadadka. Tiro yar oo dagaalyahanno ah ayaa maareysatay in ay ka qaybqaataan dagaalladii ugu dambeeyay ee dagaalka.

Yak-9 "Courier"

Waa dayuurad gaadiid ah oo gaadhi karta hal qof oo rakaab ah xaaladaha hore. Qaabka ayaa noqday nooc ka mid ah udubdhexaad u dhexeeya dagaalyahanada dheer-dheer iyo Yak-9DD iyo diyaaradaha tababarka Yak-9V. Qolka dambe, halkii laga heli lahaa dashboard iyo kontarool, dabaqa iyo daboolka ayaa lagu rakibay. Diyaaradda ayaa lagu sii daayay hal nuqul ah xagaaga 1944. Ma uusan tagin taxanaha.

Yak-9P

Nooca casriga ah ee Yak-9U, oo leh qalab casri ah oo casri ah iyo qalab caawiya. Soo saarida qaabkani wuxuu bilaabmay 1946, waxana uu ku dhammaaday 1948. Wadar ahaan 801 diyaarad ayaa la soo saaray. Dagaalyahanada Yak-9P waxay adeegsadeen USSR, Poland, Hungary, China iyo Yugoslavia.

Gabagabo

Maanta waxaan eegnay diyaaradda jilicsan ee Yak-9, sawir kaas oo si wacan loo og yahay in badan oo ka mid ah duuliyayaasha. Inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in qaabkani uu ahaa 6 sano jir, waxay ku guulaysatay inay caan ka noqoto caalamka oo dhan, iyada oo ilaalinaysa in ka badan darsiyo magaalo oo ka mid ah magaalooyinka reer Soviet ee ka soo horjeeda cadawga. Diyaaradahan tiknoolajiyadeed iyo kuwa soo jiidashada leh waxay noqon doonaan taageerayaal badan oo ka mid ah ganacsiga duulista muddo ka badan hal sano oo ah mashiinka mashiinka. Dagaalka udhaxeeya Yak-9, oo gacan ka gaysan kara hubka hawada ee ugu wanaagsan, wuxuu gacan weyn ka gaystay natiijada ka soo baxday Dagaalka Waddaniga ah.