Zhivkov Todor: Biography, qoyska

Zhivkov, Todor Hristov ahaa siyaasi Bulgarian iyo hogaamiyaha of sanado badan (ka 1954 si ay u 1989) ee xisbiga shuuciga Bulgarian. In ka badan 35 sano hogaanka xisbiga, wuxuu ahaa jagooyinka dhexe ee go'aan qaadashada dalka: Ra'iisul Wasaaraha (1962-1971) iyo Guddoomiyaha Golaha State oo ka mid ah Dadka Republic of Bulgaria (1971-1989), ie Qolyihii iyo Haartz, waxa uu ahaa madaxa gobolka.

Background, waxbarashada iyo dhalinyarada

ku dhashay ee Todor Zhivkov? Uu Biography bilaabay September 7, 1911 in tuulada Pravets, meel u dhow Sofia, in qoyska soo ridayeen a. In 1928 wuxuu ku biiray Bulgarian shuuciga Youth League, kaas oo si dhow u la xidhiidha xisbiga Shaqaalaha Bulgarian '(BRP). Tani urur siyaasadeed sharci ah waxaa la abuuray ka dib markii la ganaaxay ee 1924, shuuciga xisbiga Bulgarian, fuliyeen bishii September 1923 kacdoonka hubaysan in ay qabsadaan awoodda dalka.

Todor Zhivkov ka qalin jebin dugsiga sare ee Pravets 1929 ka dibna bartay at 6 (maanta 10 th) sano ee dugsiga sare ee Botevgrad. Markaas ayuu degay Sofia, halkaas oo uu ka qalin jabiyay dugsiga sare, ka dibna u baxay inuu ka shaqeeyo sidii typefounder guriga daabacaadda gobolka iyo nawaaxigeeda.

Bilowgii hawlo siyaasadeed

In 1932 Zhivkov Todor noqday xubin ka mid ah BRP ah. Waxa uu dhawaan noqday xubin ka mid ah Guddiga xisbiga Sofia iyo Xoghayaha Bureau labaad ee Guddiga. Magaciisa dhulka hoostiisa ahaa "Yanko." Inkastoo BRP oo laga mamnuucay ay la socdaan dhammaan dhinacyada kale ee siyaasadda ka dib markii kacdoonkii ee May 19, 1934, laakiin wuxuu sii waday inuu noqon Barlamaanka Qaranka, iyo Zhivkov in muddada prewar uu ku lug lahaa uu shaqada, waqti isku mid ah xoghayaha guddiga degmada ee CVT ee Sofia ah. Laga soo bilaabo July 1938 ilaa Nofembar 1942, uu ku dhuumanayay in qaar ka mid ah tuulooyinka Bulgarian (Deskot, Lesichevo, Govedartsi) ay weheliyaan xaaskiisa Maroy Maleevoy, oo u shaqeeyn jiray iyaga in sida GP leh.

kala guurka ah si ay halganka hubaysan ka dhanka ah xukuumadda

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, wareegyada talada haya ee Bulgaria madax Tsar Boris bay gaashaanbuur la ahaayeen Nazi Germany, siin dhul qaran in meel ciidamada. Ciidamada Bulgarian weerareen Yugoslavia iyo Greece ayaa lagu dhawaaqay dagaal on Great Britain iyo Maraykanka, laakiin waqti isku mid ah Bulgaria ayaa in aadan inay la diriraan USSR tagaan.

Communists Bulgarian la bilowgii dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, wuxuu bilaabay inuu abuuro ciidamada dhuumaalaysiga ah iyaga u gaar ah. Tan iyo June 1943 Zhivkov Todor go'aanka Guddiga Regional Sofia ee BRP ayaa loo magacaabay xubin ka tirsan shaqaalaha ee Sofia koowaad ee aaga operative mucaaradka. Waxaa juquraafi ahaa urur-dhismeedka t. Yeero. Dadka Liberation Army, abuuray March 1943. Iyadoo qayb ka ah zone ka shaqeeya laba-demisku dhexdhexaad, toban cutub iyo kooxaha dagaalka. Zhivkov ahaa wakiilka idman ee Shaqaalaha ee aagga sida a dhexdhexaad "Chavdar", ka dibna habeyn in guuto ka mid ah dhexdhexaad hoos amarka Dobri Dzhurova simaha u dhow ee Sofia. In muddo guudahaan, xulafadooda badan guutada Zhivkov "Chavdar" qabsadeen jagooyin caan ah ee hay'adaha dawladda Bulgaria.

qabashada xoogga by Communists ah

By bilowgii September 1944 ee Bulgaria sii waday in ay noqon ciidamada Jarmal sokeeye ay, inkastoo dawladda iyo dalbaday in ay baxaan. Isticmaalka xaqiiqda, dowladda Soviet 5 September 1944, dagaal Bulgaria. September 8, 1944 Ciidamada Soviet ee Jabhadda Saddexaad Yukreeniyaan hoos Marshal Tolbukhin iyo Badda Madow Fleet magaalada qaaday on xeebta Badda Madow Bulgarian, halkaas oo ciidamada bixiyeen iska caabin ah ma. Maalinta ku xigta (September 9) fallaago shuuciga ee Sofia wuxuuna rogay Muravieva dowladda in maalin ka hor lagu dhawaaqo dagaal by Midowga Soofiyeeti go'aansaday inuu xaalad dagaal on Germany, laakiin ma uusan haysan waqti ay sidaa sameeyaan, sababtoo ah dib u dhac ku ah tababarayaasha waaxda military ee la xidhiidha Communists ah. Haddii mu'aamaraad siyaasadeed golaha Muravieva guuldareystay, Midowga Soofiyeeti lahaa si rasmi ah ciidamada keeno dhul cadowga ee Germany, taas oo keentay in mucaaradka lahaa ka xulafadeeda reer galbeedka.

Sidaas darteed of dhacdooyinkii September 1944 ee Bulgaria waayo nus qarni ah garoomada by xisbiga shuuciga ah oo noqday hoggaamiyaha dalka, Georgi Dimitrov, in tobankii sano ee ka socdeen ee uu dabeecadda u dhiirranow on nidaamka caanka ah Leipzig ka hor. At heerka ugu dambeeya oo ka mid ah ciidamada Bulgarian dagaalka ka qaybgalay waxa ay dhinac ee Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo ka qeybqaadatay dagaalka ee Yugoslavia, Hungary iyo Austria.

Kac mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ka dib markii xisbiga September 9, 1944

Laga soo bilaabo September illaa November 1944 Zhivkov Todor ahaa madaxa siyaasadda ka mid ah shaqaalaha in maleeshiyada Dadka wuxuuna noqday saddexaad Xoghayaha Guddiga City Sofia ee PDU ah. February 27, 1945 wuxuu noqday musharax u ah golaha dhexe ee xubnaha xisbiga. Laga soo bilaabo January 1948 waxa uu ahaa xoghayaha kowaad ee Guddiga City Sofia ee PDU iyo sidoo kale guddoomiyaha guddiga magaalada of Front Fatherland ah, kaas oo, marka laga reebo Communists ah, oo ka mid ah qaar ka mid ah xisbiyada kale ee Bulgaria. At shirweynaha shanaad oo ka mid ah BRP, lagu qabtay on December 27, 1948, loo doortay golaha dhexe ee xisbiga, taas oo dib u magaca shuuciga xisbiga Bulgarian (BCP). Zhivkov Todor si joogto ah dib loo doortay ee jirka ku jira maamulka ee BCP ah, ilaa December 8, 1989, markii uu ku eryey ka si buuxda.

Si ay dusha sare ee xisbiga awoodda

Bishii Oktoobar 1949, Zhivkov keentay Waaxda urur iyo Waxbarashada ee golaha dhexe ee xisbiga shuuciga Bulgarian, in January 1950, wuxuu noqday xoghayaha xisbiga shuuciga ah, iyo in uu November loo doortay xubin ka musharax oo ay kadago ah. Laga soo bilaabo July 1951 ilaa Nofembar 1989 Zhivkov - oo xubin ka ah Xafiiska Siyaasadda ee golaha dhexe ee xisbiga. Head of Xoghaynta Guddiga Dhexe ee xisbiga tan iyo 1953.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, awoodda dhabta ah ee xisbiga, oo uu ku bilaabay ka dib markii dhawr billood ka April ee golaha dhexe (2-6 April 1956), taas oo bilow u ah nidaam shakhsiyadda a debunking Vylko Chervenkov isbahaysi dhow Georgi Dimitrov, kuwaas oo ku dhintay 1949. Tchervenkov ee 1950-1956 GG. ahaa Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Bulgaria, oo sannadaha 1950-1954 - Xoghayaha guud ee golaha dhexe ee BCP ah. Intii uu boqortooyadiisa ayuu tusay daacad unquestioning in Stalin, ilaa si ay u kiciyaan style ee uu dabeecadda iyo muuqaalka.

Ka dib markii dhimasho Stalin ee, xoogga xisbiga ka Chervenkov si tartiib tartiib ah u noqday guurto Zhivkov. Marka hore waxa ay ku hareen post ah ee Xoghayaha Guud ee Guddiga Dhexe, iyo ka dib markii xisbiga Congress lixaad (March 4, 1954) Zhivkov waxaa loo doortay in post cusub ee la abuuray ee xoghayaha koowaad ee golaha dhexe ee xisbiga Bulgarian shuuciga (waxaa qabtay ilaa April 4, 1981).

isku darka ee xisbiga iyo dawladda posts

Laga soo bilaabo 1946 ilaa 1990. Zhivkov loo doortay ku xigeenka Golaha Qaranka (Baarlamaanka). November 19, 1962, ayuu waxaa lagu bedelay Anton Yugova inuu noqdo ra'iisul wasaaraha. Wuxuu qabtay this post ilaa July 9, 1971, markii uu ku bedelay Stanko Todorov.

Tan iyo 1971, Zhivkov noqday guddoomiyaha Golaha cusub ee abuuray of State of the Republic of Bulgaria (dhab ahaantii madaxa gobolka). Waxa uu xilka qabtay ilaa 17 November 1989.

Bulgaria dhawaadeen Jamhuuriyadda 16aad ee USSR

December 4, 1963 Todor Zhivkov sida Xoghayaha koowaad ee BCP golaha dhexe iyo Ra'iisul Wasaaraha shaqsi ahaan soo bandhigay Goluhu Guddiga Dhexe ee racfaanka Bulgarian soo jeedinta in ay golaha dhexe ee CPSU ku saabsan su'aasha ah ee wada dheeraad ah iyo midaynta mustaqbalka ee Dadka Republic of Bulgaria iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti, taas oo ka dhigaysa Jamhuuriyadda 16aad ee Soofiyeeti Midowga, sidaas noqdo, inay halis ku madaxbanaanida dalka ee. Goluhu golaha dhexe ammaanay hindisaha sida "muujinta a cajiib ah wadaniyada iyo internationalism", taas oo kicin doonaa ah "saaxiibtinimo siweyn looga iyo iskaashiga dhamaystiran u dhexeeya dalka iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti heer cusub." Hindisaha "si ay u abuuraan xaalad dhaqaale, siyaasad iyo fikradeed for midoobidda dhamaystiran oo labada dal our siweyn looga "si wadajir ah waxaa la ansixiyey ee fadhiga dhanyahay oo si shakhsi ah u saxiixay by Todor Zhivkov, balse ay ka diideen Midowga Soofiyeeti.

Part in xakamaynta of Spring Prague ah

Go'aanka ku saabsan ka qaybgalka Bulgaria in faragelinta ciidamada ka dib markii Spring Prague ee la ansixiyay Golaha Wasiirada, shir Todor Zhivkov. Waxaa la soo saaray a Golaha sare-qarsoodi ah Wasiirada Qadarka № 39 of 20.VIII.1968 NRB la dhiirogelin go'aanka qaab "si ay u bixiyaan gargaar military in xisbiga shuuciga ee Czechoslovakia iyo dadka Czechoslovak". Hawlgalka ayaa ciidamada lug ku regiments lugta 12aad iyo 22th tirintii 2164 nin iyo guuto taangiga 26 mashiinada T-34 ah.

Ka kaxaynta xafiiska

In 1989, tiro ka mid ah dalalka of Communists xerada hantiwadaagga awood badiyay iyadoo ay sabab u kacdoonkii oo jirijirtay, curin ay daciifaan guud ee Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo booska joojinta taageerada dhaqaale ee ka dhanka. Waxa aan ka soo baxsaday qaddar caadiga ah iyo Bulgaria. November 9 kulan ka mid ah Bureau siyaasadeed ee golaha dhexe ee xisbiga Bulgarian shuuciga Zhivkov Todor iska casilay jagada guddoomiyaha xisbiga, Goluhu soo socda maalin ka mid ah golaha dhexe, kaas oo la ansixiyey uu is casilay iyo ku talinaynaa in Golaha Qaranka in ay isaga ka post ee Guddoomiyaha Golaha Gobolka daayo. November 17, Zhivkov laga badiyay iyo this post. Bishii Janaayo 1990, wuxuu la xiray, uu soo bandhigay in tiro ka mid ah eedeymaha xadgudubka awoodda. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in maamulka ee Bulgaria 90 sano 20 st. ilaashaa xisbiga shuuciga ee hore, baxshay ah, t e xisbiga SF.. hadhay ee gacmaha asxaabteena yar Zhivkov, uu qaddar ma ahaa sida arxan sida hoggaamiyaha shuuciga Romanian ee Ceauşescu. Ilaa 1996, Zhivkov xabsi guri jiray, kiiska isaga ka gees ah waa la baarayaa daalid, iyo caanka ah ee hogaamiyihii hore ee asalka ah ee sii xumaanaya xaaladda dhaqaale ee dalka koray. Laakiinse waxaa isaga loo horeba si buuxda xaq uma uu dhicisoobay. Bishii Agoosto 1998, wax yar ka hor da'da 87, wuxuu u dhintay pneumonia.

Todor Zhivkov: Qoyska

Siyaasi ayaa la guursaday (in July 1938) ee Mare-Jivkova Maleeva, kuwaas oo ku dhintay 1971 ka kansarka. Waxay lahaa wiil iyo gabadh. gabadhii Todor Zhivkov ee Lyudmila (Photo hoos ku arki.), taariikhyahan ah oo caan ah Bulgarian tahay, muddo lix sano ah madaxa Guddiga dowladda Bulgarian ee HIDDAHA IYO DHAQANKA. Waxay ku dhintay 1981 ka stroke ah.

Wiilka uu dhalay siyaasi Vladimir weli waa nool yahay, oo isna dhalay oo lagu sharfayo awoowe caanka ah ayaa loo magacaabay Zhivkov Todor. Maayso of Politika Evgeniya (gabadhii Ludmila Zhivkova) waa siyaasi Bulgarian iyo naqshadeeye, sagaal jeer (2001 iyo 2009) waxaa loo doortay in Golaha Qaranka.