"Prague Spring" - kacaan ama shirqool?

"Prague Spring" 1968 ciyaartaa door muhiim ah in taariikhda hantiwadaagga dunida. Qeexidda nidaamka taariikhiga this muddo gaaban gudaheed ayaa iska badaley - ka dibna "gurguurta counter-kacaanka" hadda uu leeyahay magaca kacaanka dimuqraadi ah si nabad ah.

Waxa ugu xiisaha badan waa in geeddi-socodka dib u habaynta ku, kaas oo uu soo jeediyay xubno ka mid ah xisbiga shuuciga ah ee Czechoslovakia, waxaa Xumeeyaan cadaadis xoog military communists talada haya ee dalalka-Sokeeyaha Czechoslovakia deriska by Heshiiska Warsaw ah. Waxa ay u muuqatay in "Prague Spring" oo ku baabbi'iyeen gebi ahaanba la illoobay, laakiin fikrado iyada ahaayeen saleysan dhaqdhaqaaqa mass ee dalalka hantiwadaagga ku bahoobay, raaceen in 80s iyo keentay in isbeddel nabadeed ee xukuumadda iyo amarka bulshada.
Marka hore waxaan u baahan tahay si ay u fahmaan waa maxay macnaha erayga "Prague Spring"? Marka hore, waxaan dhihi karaa hubaal ah in this ma ahaa qorshe khiyaanadu ka mid ah counter-wareeg, ama ciidamada garabka midig iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in la beddelo nidaamka siyaasadeed ee Czechoslovakia. Marka labaad, fikradda ah isku day ay dalalka xubnaha ka ah NATO in ay ka xerada hantiwadaagga kala Czechoslovakia waa in aan la fududaysan qaaday. Maxaa yeelay, 1968 dalka this ujeedada ugu weyn ee bulshada ay ahayd xoriyadda hadalka iyo saxaafadda ah, dimuqraadiyadda ee Itobiya, dib u habaynta dhaqaalaha iyo diidan ee dhismaha communist nidaamka Stalin.

Ha illoobin in ay ahayd markii ugu of 60 - ka muddo rajo weyn ee dalalka hantiwadaagga, halkaas oo fikradda ah hagaajinta siyaasadda ee hadda jira dhaqaale firfircoon uga wada hadleen. Ahaa laga reebo lahayn, iyo Czechoslovakia, taas oo ka mid ah ururada intelligentsia iyo ardayga hal abuur ahaayeen dood kulul iyo doodo ku saabsan horumarinta dheeraad ah dhaqan-dhaqaale ee dalka. CSSR waagaas ilaa hadda ka dambeeya ay deriska yihiin reer galbeedka, iyo in si kasta oo macquul isku dayeen inay soo yareyso farqiga. Si taas loo gaaro, dib u habaynta kala duwan ayaa loo soo jeediyay, sida dhaqaalaha, kaas oo ahaa in la abuuro shuruudaha isbedelka mustaqbalka qaab dhismeedka siyaasadeed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida caadiga ah waa kiiska, wadadii uu isbedel ayaa adeegay sidii isbedel shaqaalaha at munaaraddii awoodda. Sababo la jirta shirqool, ka post ee xoghayaha koowaad ee golaha dhexe ayaa lagu qasbay inuu A. Novotny, kuwaas oo meesha ka dibna qaaday Alexander Dubcek, kuwaas oo caan ku ahayd in ay xubno ka mid ah CPSU ah. Laga soo bilaabo in, iyo warbixinta "Prague Spring" ayuu ku bilaabay.

Ka dib markii in, in Czechoslovakia waxa uu ahaa mid yara xasilloon, waxaa jiray wada hadal ku saabsan mustaqbalka iyo nooleenta ee gobolka hantiwadaagga. Sidoo kale sahlan faafreebka, abaabulo cusub ururada, sida Club oo ka mid ah xisbiyada non - "CAS", iyo dad badan oo deggan Jamhuuriyadda lahaa dareen ah madax-bannaanida iyo xorriyadda. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo in xukuumadda gobolka, gudahood HRC ee halganka kasii for qeybiyey ee xilal, taas oo soo Haddhay, hoggaanka dalka ee ku saabsan siyaasadaha dib u habaynta qorsheeyay. Oo sidaas daraaddeed xoogga kala guurka si tartiib ah in a in ciidamada siyaasadeed non-dhaqanka ee Czechoslovakia.
Bishii Maarso 1968, Golaha Dhexe ee CPSU u diray ololeeya xisbiga diiwaan on xaaladda Czechoslovakia. Waxaa welwel ku saabsan daliilka dareenka anti-hantiwadaagga ee bulshada, iyo baahida loo qabo in si kada ah tallaabada kacaan. Laakiin Dubcek had iyo jeer u sheegay in xaaladda ka jirta dalka waxaa gacanta ku soo jeed ee xisbiga.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waqtigan dalabaadka iyo aad u badan ayaa lagu on abuuritaanka mucaaradka rasmiga ah ee Czechoslovakia maqlay. Dalka gudihiisa, si firfircoon uga wada hadleen haboonaanta xirfadeed ee inta badan ee hoggaanka xisbiga. Qabtay qaab iyo mudaharaadyo kala duwan, shirkadda ahaa diyaar u ah counter-kacaanka, iyo Alexander Dubcek tegey oo aan waxtar lahayn.

Oo waxaas oo dhan ma tegi dareemo by dalalka of Warsaw Heshiiska ka, kuwaas oo askar iyo taangiyo habeenkii Czechoslovakia galay August 20, 1968. Isla mar ahaantaana, diyaaradaha milatariga Soviet degay garoonka Prague ah, iyo xubnaha KGB ayaa xabsiga la dhigay xoghayaha koowaad iyo xubin oo ka mid ah Presidium Guddiga Dhexe. Oo iyana waxay Prague, sida masaal, xidhay albaabyadii ay. shaqo joojin guud ayaa lagu dhawaaqay magaalo, jidadka ahaayeen cidla ah. Dadka deegaanka Jamhuuriyadda Czechoslovak ma jawaabaan rabshado wata rabshado. oo degan loo sameeyey hal shot a. Wadajir inta lagu guda jiro geeddi-socodka, gudbiyo sida "Prague Spring", in ka badan 70 qof ayaa lagu dilay Czechoslovakia, 250 ay ku dhaawacmeen oo kun oo qof waxaa lagu tuuray masaafuriyey. Sidaas daraaddeed waxaa ku xakamaynta ah "Prague Spring" - isku daygii labaad habeyn xerada hantiwadaagga ka dib markii Hungary ee 1956.
Dhab ahaantii, qabanqaabiyeyaasha oo ka mid ah dib u habaynta Czechoslovak ayaa ka soo horjeeda in ay dalkooda ka noqday raasammaaliyade, kulligood way wada communists dhaadhacsan. Iyagu waxay keliyahoo doonayeen si ay u dhisaan socialism "dad weji".