Aasaaska Computer Logic

qalab kasta ama hab abuuray by nin, oo ku salaysan shuruucda gaarka ah ee ay shaqada, kaas oo u qoondeeyo doonaa iyada oo muuqaalada codsiga iyo ka shaqeynayaan. Baahida loo qabo si loo daboolo baahida deg-deg ah waa ku heshaa ugu weyn ee horumarinta noocyo cusub oo mashiinada, teknoolajiyada, iwm Tan waxaa suuragal ka dhigay raasamaal aqoonta meelo badan oo sayniska iyo tiknoolajiyada, isticmaalka kaas oo u ogolaanaya in aad sameysato a goobta macquul ah marka hore meelaha cusub ee technology, sida aasaaskii macquul ah ee computer ah, ka dibna u turjum noocyo cusub oo qalabka. luqada aadanaha fudud loo gudbiyo sida "horumarka farsamo".

wadadii uu ah ee kombiyuutarada waxay ahaayeen laba ujeedooyinkooda wadidda: baahida loo qabo in tiro badan oo ah processing macluumaad iyo guulaha ee beeraha kala duwan ee sayniska iyo tiknoolajiyada (korontada, xisaabta, fisigiska iyo technology ee semiconductors, biraha iyo qaar kale oo badan). The-baarka ugu horeysay ee Kombuyuutarada electronic qalabka xaqiijiyay mabaadi'da computer iyo bilaabay xilligii horumarka deg deg ah ee fasalka cusub ee shay farsamo, loo yaqaan "kombiyuutarada elektaroonik ah".

Waayo, hirgelinta fikradda farsamo ee qalabka kombiyuutarka aasaaska computer macquul ah la diyaariyey iyadoo la isticmaalayo algebra ee macquulka ah, la qeexo set oo ah muuqaalada iyo sal afka baarkiisa. sharciyada Boolean in lagu qeexaa aasaaskii macquul ah ee computer ah, qaabeeyey in qarnigii 19aad England John Bull.. Dhab ahaantii, waa aasaas u teori nidaamyada digital of processing macluumaadka. Its nuxurka noqonaya xeerarka xiriirka macquul ah oo u dhexeeya tirooyinka: kaashanaya, disjunction oo kale ah, taas oo ah mid aad u la mid ah ee xiriirka si fiican u yaqaan aasaasiga ah ee u dhexeeya tirooyinka in xisaabta - dhufasho, Intaa waxaa dheer, iwm lambarada ee aljabra Boolean waa wakiil u binary, ie, wakiil oo kaliya in tirooyinka 1 iyo 0. falalka waxaa ku tilmaamay tirooyin of Boolean calaamado dheeraad ah. walxahaasi ogolaan isku darka xisaabta sharciyada macquul hoose qeexo wax dhibaato ah xisaabeed ama talaabo gacanta by calaamadaha gaarka ah, in uu yahay, "in ay qoraan barnaamij." Isticmaalka hubka talooyin ah, barnaamijkan waa "muxaafidka" galay computer ka iyo waxa kale oo a "qashin" in la sameeyaa.

qalab Input badasha calaamadaha soo socda galay signallo koronto sida a code binary, iyo hawlaha iyaga on - gudbiyo iyo diinta ogaaday qabtaan xisaab iyo hawlaha macquul ah waxa sameeya qalabka elektarooniga ah loo yaqaan irdaha, jilbiska, dhajisan-Mail iwm Waxay ka koobnaan Walxaha farsamo computer ka, halkaas oo ay ku soo tirisaa ee tobanaan kun oo alaabta.

Dhismaha ayaa ka kooban a computer ugu weyn qaybta 4: CU - unit gacanta, RAM iyo ROM ah - awood xasuusta Guntin iyo kaydinta, Alu-ka - unit macquulka ah xisaabta, IOCTL - qalab aqbasho O. Dabcan, mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid waafaqsan by design ee aasaaska macquul ah ee computer ah. habka computer Work ka mid ah loading RAM ama hawlgalka ROM barnaamijka, qoran ee codes gaar ah galay, waxa lagu kaydiyaa on kaararka feeray, cajalado magnetic, saxannada magnetic iyo indhaha oo kale warbaahinta. Barnaamijkan waxaa loogu talagalay khalkhalgelinta UU socodka hadda ama macluumaad ka hawlgala iyo helitaanka natiijada barnaamijkii, tus, soo bandhigeen sawir ilaaliye ama diinta signal audio a digital, iwm Si taas loo gaaro, CU qabata kala iibsiga kala duwan ee blocks macluumaadka u dhexeeya dhammaan qalabka ku jira kombiyuutarka.

The "xarunta dareemayaasha" muhiimsan waa Alu-computer ah - jilaa oo dhan xisaabta iyo hawlgallada macquulka ah. Currently, Alu qabanayo qalab shaqo oo la yiraahdo processor ama microprocessor, taas oo ah qalab Semiconductor a size ee laba taraq, tiro go'an cajiib ah hawlaha. Tartiib tartiib ku daray in ay microprocessor ku shaqo gacanta ah qalabka dibadda - ilaaliyeyaal, madbacadaha, iwm horumarka dhowaan ka dhacay degaanka ayaa loo ogol yahay in la abuuro microprocessors iyadoo ay ka buuxaan cutubyo functional kombiyuutarada, si ay u muuqatay kombiyuutarada-hal qori oo jeebka-size qoreysa computer ka buuxaan. waa la yaab leh waxa ay tahay in aasaaska macquul ah ee computer loogu talagalay mar qalabka kombiyuutarka ugu horeysay, ayaa waxba iska badalin ilaa maantadan la joogo.