Aayadda Accentual-syllabic: asal ahaan iyo cabbir

In this article, waxaan u falanqeeyaan doonaa si faahfaahsan aayadda accentual-syllabic. Sharaxaad ka bixi sida nidaamka this la soo bandhigay oo ay Russia yimid, waxa aanu sharixi cabbir ah.

Waa maxay?

aayadda Accentual-syllabic - hab gabay ku salaysan xaalad joogto ah oo isutagga ee talantaalli ah unstressed oo carabka ku adkeeyay dhawaaqyo. gabayo ku qoran sidan, dhawaaqyada oo dhan la isugu keenaa karaa cagta, taas oo xoogga wax-u - carabka ku shaqalada iyo meelaha - shaqalada unstressed. Sidaa darteed, falanqaynta gabayada waxaa la tilmaamay ma aha oo kaliya size, laakiin sidoo kale tirada cagaha in line hal.

asal ahaan

nidaamka versification Syllabic-tonic asalkiisu ka soo jeedo ee gabayada Yurub. Tani waxay dhacday mahad inay ku biirto ee aayadda syllabic, taas oo loo adeegsadey in luqadaha Romance, iyo tonic ah alliterative, ka luqadaha Germanic iman. Marxaladani waxay ku dhamaatay dal oo kala duwan wakhtiyo kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, in England syllabo-tonic hore aasaasay qarnigii 15aad, si Chaucer George. Mahad, iyo Germany oo keliya qarnigii 17aad ka dib markii dib u habaynta ee M. Opitz.

syllabic-tonic Ruush versification

tabarruc ugu weyn ee ay u toobad of dhawaaq gabay Ruush iska leh M. V. Lomonosovu iyo V. K. Trediakovskomu.

Sidaas daraaddeed, in ay 30meeyada ee qarnigii 18aad Trediakovskii bilaabaa inuu la Qoraallada hadlo, kuwaas oo qaab-dhismeedka si weyn uga duwan yihiin waqtiga nidaamka versification syllabic ku salaysan tirada dhawaaqyo per line, halkii on xaddiga lama filaan ah ama shaqalada unstressed. Sidaa darteed, by baranayay aayadda dad iyo qaab-dhismeedkeeda, waxaa soo gabagabeeyey in ku saleysan mabda'a ah tonics versification Ruush.

Kuwaas oo bilaabay baaritaano Trediakovskij sii Lomonosov. Waxa uu ahaa kii abuuray aayadda accentual-syllabic ee Ruush ah. Nidaamkan, oo ku salaysan iskhilaafka shaqalada carabka ku adkeeyay iyo unstressed, tixgelinayo-aragnimo ah ee ton ah. saldhig u tonics syllabo- mabda'a aayadda dad la dhigay - ratio of khadadka of goobta iyo tirada dhawaaqyo carabka ku adkeeyay.

Inta qarnigii 19aad waxaa ku badan gabayada syllabic-tonic. a gabayaaga yar oo keliya ayaa la bilaabay ilaa tijaabo, oo intaasu waxay ahayd inta badan ay sabab u tahay isku day in ay ku daysadaan yabban dad. Xaaladdan oo kale, oo ku saabsan bartamihii qarnigii 19aad inta badan loo isticmaalaa dvuslozhniki. The isticmaalka horeysay firfircoon mitir Woodward bilaabay Nekrasov.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qarnigii 20aad, wuxuu bilaabay inuu tijaabo ku ladhan oo degdeg ah, taas oo inta badan lagu soo hagaajiyaa tonic iyo adkaanta qaab gabay.

Cabirka aayadda accentual-syllabic

Iyadoo ku xiran tirada boosaska "xoog leh" iyo "daciif" in cagta, laba nooc oo ah tirada syllabic-tonic taagan - oo u dvuslozhniki trehslozhniki. Waayo, darajo laba dhawaaq iambic iyo ferrets saddex dhawaaq, oo iyana - dactyl, anapaest, amphibrach.

Sababtoo ah ee qaab-dhismeedka waxaa weeya afka Ruush mitir Woodward u muuqdaan in ay akhristaha si music dheeraad ah, tan iyo gabay erayada uu doorto saddex dhawaaqyo iyo dhif leedahay in la sameeyo "bedelka stopnye."

bedelay waxaa laga heli karaa in shuqullada trochaic iyo iambic, sida in qofka joojiyo marar aad u badan jagooyinka xoog badan yihiin dhawaaqyo unstressed, oo daciif ah - durbaanada. Marka tan la eego, waxaan dhihi karaa in, marka lagu daro cagaha ugu weyn ee laba dhawaaq, waxaa jira 2 kaabayaal ah:

• Taasi badalkeeda - waa 2 dhawaaqyo oo isku xigta la shaqallada ah unaccented.
• Sponda - waa 2 dhawaaqyo oo isku xigta la shaqallada ah carabka ku adkeeyay.

Isticmaalkooda Aayaadkanaga bixiyaan khadadka wax soo saarka gaarka ah ee codka jiibta.

trochee

Tani waa mid ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan ee mitir disyllabic. Cagtiisa 2 keliya dhawaaqyada - saameynta ugu horeysay kharashka, kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - unstressed. Ferrets waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa lyrics song.

Tusaale ka mid ah chorea 5-ororodid waa gabay Pasternak ee loo yaqaan "Hamlet": "waxaa la ii baray habeen fiid / kun oo casriga on dhidibka ...". 3 orod - shaqo ah M. Yu Lermontova "From Goethe ee '' Deggan Valley / full of ceeryaamo cusub ... '..

iambus

aayadda Accentual-syllabic jiray taasoo keentay in gabayada Ruush ee qarnigii 19aad, oo uu ahaa size a pentameter jecel AS Pushkin.

Sidaas iambus - meter dissyllabic, oo ka kooban 2 dhawaaqyo - koowaad iyo labaad dubbe unstressed. Kantaroolka stop stress beddelin badalkeeda, iyo muuqaalka kore ee dheeraad ah - in spondee.

pentameter 4-hstopny ahaa kuwa ugu caansan iyo inta badan loo isticmaalaa in gabayada Ruush. Qarnigii 18aad in ay meter this, sidaas darteed, waxaan ugu baaqeynaa noocyo "sare", oo diiradda saaraya farqiga u dhexeeya wax soo saarka odic iyo "gabayada iftiin", kaas oo ahaa madaxdii muusikaystayaasha qoran. Laakiin pentameter qarnigii 19aad lumiyo la xidhiidha mowduuc la gabay iyo noqdo mitir universal.

Tusaalaha ugu cad - waa Pushkin ee "Eugene Onegin": "Laatiin hadda waa out of fashion: / Sidaas, haddii aad runta u sheegto ...".

trisyllabic

Waxaan hadda u fiirsada mitir Woodward versification syllabic-tonic Ruush.

Dactyl - mitir oo saddex dhawaaqyada, kuwii hore ka mid ah taas oo lama filaan ah. Tusaale ahaan waa "xukumaadda Ilaah ku dul kiniisadda ah" (VA Zhukovsky), "Mason" (V. Bryusov Ya.). Dactyl waxaa caadi loo isticmaalaa si loo jilo hexameter ah.

Amphibrach - sidoo kale mitir oo saddex dhawaaqyada, laakiin markan waa lama filaan labaad. versification The Ruush, waxaa guud ahaan loo isticmaalo epics qoraal. Tusaale ahaan waa "airship" - Balcad Lermontov a: "From xabaashii halka gooyo / Toosinta ilaa si lama filaan ah waa ...".

Anapaest - meter trisyllabic saddexaad, taas oo lahjadda uu hoos u dhaco ku dhawaaq la soo dhaafay. Tusaalooyinka dhismaha ka mid ah aayadda sida uu noqon karaa mid gabay: "KA TAN BADIYEY AWOODDA balbalada hore" (Nekrasov) iyo "Bilowga Iyada ha ku soo toosin" (Fet).