Aleksandr Gertsen: Biography, oo dhaxalkaygiina suugaanta

taariikhda Ruush waxaa ka buuxa Addomahaaga, kuwaas oo diyaar u ah inay iska dhigaan wuxuu naftiisa u bixiyaa inuu fikrad.

Aleksandr Ivanovich Gertsen (1812-1870) wuxuu ahaa hantiwadaagga ugu horeysay ee Russian kuwaas oo ku wacdiyeen fikradaha sinnaanta iyo walaaltinimo. Oo in kastoo uusan raacin qaadan toos ah qayb ka mid ah hawlaha kacaan, laakiin waxa uu ka mid ah kuwa ay jidka u bannaysay for its horumarinta ahaa. Mid ka mid ah madaxda reer Galbeedka, ayuu markii dambe u noqday arinsadeen qaabka ay hadafyada Jidka Yurub ee horumarinta Russia, wuxuu u dhaqaaqay xerada ka soo hor jeedda, oo ahaa aasaasihii durkin kale oo taariikhda dhaqdhaqaaqa ee - loona keenay.

Biography Aleksandra Gertsena ula xidhiidha tirooyinka sida kacaanka Ruush iyo dunida sida Ogarev, Belinsky, Proudhon, Garibaldi. naftiisa oo dhan, wuxuu had iyo jeer isku dayeen in ay ka heli habka ugu fiican ee si xaq ah bulshada. Laakiin waa jacayl ah dareen dadkiisa, daahirinteeda u hadafyada oo ka mid ah loo doortay - waa waxa kasbaday ixtiraamka ah, oo durriyadii Gertsen Aleksandr Ivanovich.

Biography kooban iyo guudmar shuqulladii ugu weyn ee u ogolaan doonaa akhristaha in ay bartaan fekeraya Ruushka. Ka dib oo dhan, oo kaliya in our xasuusta, waxay awoodi karaan inay weligaaba noolow oo ay sii wadaan in ay saameyn ku Kasaan ama uu noqon doono.

Gertsen Aleksandr Ivanovich: Biography fekeraya Ruush

A. I. Gertsen ahaa wiilkii sharci darrada ah nin oday ah oo qani ah Ivana Alekseevicha Yakovleva iyo gabadhiisa saaraha rasmiga ah, 16-sano jir ah German Henriette Haag. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in guurka rasmi ah ka diiwaan gashan ma ahaa, ina soo dhaafay aabbihiis abuurtay. Turjumay ka Jarmal ay ka dhigan tahay "ilmaha wadnaha".

ilaa aan ka soo bixiyey publicist mustaqbalka iyo qoraa guriga adeerkiis on Tverskoy Boulevard (hadda waa Institute Suugaanta ee iyaga Gorky.).

Laga soo bilaabo da'da hore uu bilaabay inuu ku wareerin "riyo xorriyadda-jecel", taas oo aan la yaab leh - macallinka suugaanta IE Protopopov barasho ee ardayga la gabayo of Pushkin, Ryleeva Bouchaud. Revolution Faransiis The, fikradda ahayd in hawada si joogto ah tababar qolka Alexander. Horeba waqti Herzen in la saaxiibo Ogarev, oo dhammaantood way wada baabiiyo qorshe inay u beddesho dunida. aragti aan caadi ahayn xoog on saaxiibo sameeyey kacdoonkii Decembrist, ka dib markii ay kor u shiday hawlaha kacaan oo wuxuu ku dhaartay in dhamaadka naftiisa u difaaco hadafyada xorriyadda iyo walaaltinimo.

Buugaagta wax Nuurin la'aantiis Faransiis ah ahaayeen buug cunto maalin kasta Alexander - uu akhriyi badan oo Voltaire, Beaumarchais, Kotzebue. Ma uusan u gudbin by oo hore nasjonalromantiske Jarmalka - shuqullada Goethe iyo Schiller qotomiyey in ruux xamaasad leh.

jaamacadda goobada

In 1829, Aleksandr Gertsen waxa uu galay Jaamacadda Moscow ee Physics iyo Waaxda Xisaabaadka. Oo waxaa isagu ma uu qeyb saaxiibkiis carruurnimada Ogarev, kii ugu dhakhsaha badan ay u sameeyay goobo ka mid ah dadka sida maskax. Waxaa kaloo ka mid ah si fiican u yaqaan in mustaqbalka, qoraa iyo taariikhyahan iyo turjumaan V. Passek N. Ketscher. Ugu kulan ay, xubno ka mid ah goobada ayaa hadlo fikradda Saint-Simonianism, sinnaanta ragga iyo dumarka, la baabiiyo hantida gaarka ah - in gaaban, waxay ahaayeen hantiwadaagnimadu ugu horeysay ee Russia.

"Taariikhda Malovskaya"

Waxbarashada at the University of duugowday iyo sugeysayna. macalimiinta dhowr inay soo bandhigto ardayda in ay muxaadarooyin la fikrado horumarsan falsafada Jarmal. Herzen doondoonay jidka ka soo baxay oo ay tamar ka qayb dheel dheel ah jaamacadda. In 1831 wuxuu ahaa ku lug-ka loo yaqaan "taariikhda malovskoy" ah, oo waxaa ka soo qeyb Lermontov. Ardayda laga saaray professor dhagaystayaasha sharciga dembiyada ku. Sida uu markii dambe dib loogu soo yeeri Alexander Malov MJ ahaa doqon, qallafsan iyo professor wax baran. bayaan Ardayda ka quudhsatay oo qoslay isaga fasalka. Waayo, mucaaradka Escapade uu helay off fudud - dhawr maalmood aan ku qaatay in gacanta cadaab.

link The ugu horeysay

Hawlaha goobo saaxiibtinimo ee Herzen lahaa halkii aan waxba galabsan ee dabiiciga ah, laakiin Chancellery Imperial arkeen in ay aaminsan yihiin ay khatar ku tahay awoodda Imperial. In 1834, dhamaan xubnaha ururka ayaa la xiray iyo dibad. Herzen marka hore u muuqday in Perm, ka dibna la goostay uu ugu adeegtid Vyatka. Waxaa uu diyaarin bandhig xagga shuqullada maxaliga ah, taas oo siiyey kor u Zhukovsky codsan in lagu wareejiyo Vladimir. Waxaa Herzen la kaxaystay, oo uu aroosadda ka Moscow. Oo waagaas waxay ahaayeen farxada badneyd ee daaraysaa iyo nolosha qasan qoraaga.

Kala fikirka Ruush ee Slavophiles iyo reer galbeedka

In 1840, Aleksandr Gertsen in Moscow ku noqday. Halkan, qaddar u keeneen goobada suugaanta ee Belinsky, kuwaas oo ku wacdiyeen oo si firfircoon laydinku tallaalay fikrado Hegelian. Xamaasad caadiga ah iyo xubnaha intransigence Ruush goobada this gartay fikrado falsafo Jarmal macquulsan ee dhan ee dhabta ah xoogaa hal dhinac. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Herzen naftiisa ka Hegel dhab sameeyey gabagabadii ka soo hor jeedda. Sidaas darteed, goobada waxaa loo kala qaybiyey Slavophiles, hogaamiyayaasha ay ahaayeen Kirievsky iyo hamsters, iyo reer galbeedka in ay iskugu yimaadaan agagaarka Herzen iyo Ogarev. Inkastoo aragtida aad u kala duwan oo ku saabsan Jidka mustaqbalka ee horumarinta Russia ee, iyo kuwa dadka kale iyo waddaninimo dhab ah oo midaysan oo aan ku salaysan jacayl oo indha la 'ee qarannimada dalka Ruushka, iyo rumaysadka aan labaweji lahayn ee xoog iyo itaal dadka. Sida uu qoray ka dib, Herzen, waxay ahaayeen mid ah Janus laba-soo foodsaarayso, oo wejigooduna wuxuu isku beddeli jiray in jiho oo kala duwan, oo mid ka mid ah wadnaha garaaca.

burburkii hadafyada

Gertsen Aleksandr Ivanovich, kuwaas oo Biography iyo sidaas waxaa ka buuxsamay dhaqaaqdo soo noqnoqda, qeybtii labaad ee nolosha wadajir ku qaatay meel ka baxsan Russia. In 1846, wax qora ee Aabbahayo wuxuu ku dhintay, tegaayo dhaxalka weyn Herzen. Tani waxay siisay fursad Alexander Ivanovich dhowr sano in ay u safraan Yurub. safarka ayaa aasaas ahaan jidka fikirka qoraaga bedelay. Markaasaa saaxiibkiis u galbeedka ahaayeen naxay markii ay akhriyin soo daabacay wargeyska "Notes ah Fatherland" article Herzen cinwaan looga dhigay "Waraaqo ka Marigny Avenue ah», kuwaas oo markii dambe u noqday oo loo yaqaan "Waraaqaha ka socda France iyo Italy." Fikirka anti-ganacsade cad waraaqaha kuwa marag furay in xaqiiqda ah in qoraaga uu ka xun yahay in koboca ku kacaan fikradaha reer galbeedka. Ka dib markii markhaati failure ee kacaanka silsiladda in xaaqeen Europe sannadaha 1848-1849, ee loo yaqaan "guga quruumaha" ee, wuxuu bilaabaa in ay horumariyaan aragti ah "hantiwadaagga Ruush", taas oo u dhashay durdur cusub oo fikirka ah falsafada Ruush - loona keenay.

falsafad cusub

In France, Aleksandr Gertsen noqday saaxiibtinimo la Proudhon, kaasoo uu kula soo bilaabay si ay u daabacaan wargeyska "Voice of Dadka". Ka dib markii xakamaynta mucaaradka xagjirka ah, wuxuu u dhaqaaqay Switzerland, ka dibna si Nice, halkaasoo uu kula kulmay Garibaldi, dagaalka caanka ku ah xoriyada iyo madaxbanaanida dadka Talyaani. Si aad muddada this iska leh daabacaadda maqaalka "Laga soo bilaabo Shore ee kale", taas oo soo bandhigay fikrado cusub, kaas oo la kaxaystay Gertsen Aleksandr Ivanovich. falsafadda ah Manhajkooda a xagjirka ah ee amarka bulshada mar dambe ku qanacsanaa qoraaga, Herzen iyo ugu dambeyntii nabad gelyo inuu deeqsi ah aaminsan yiri. fikirradiisiina wuu la bilaabaan inay soo booqdaan cadaab on Europe hore iyo awood weyn dunida Slavic, lagu qasbay in ay ogaadaan aragtida hantiwadaagga.

A. I. Gertsen - Wariye Ruush

Ka dib markii dhimasho naagtiisa, Herzen dhaqaaqay London, halkaas oo uu bilaabay si ay u daabacaan uu wargeyska caanka ah "Bell The". Wargeyska saameynta intooda badan ku riyaaqay in muddo la soo dhaafay la baabiiyo of serfdom. Markaas ay wareegga bilaabo inuu soo daadiyaa, gaar ahaan saameyntiisa xooggan ee ay caanka ah ee ay xakamaynta of kacdoonkii Polish ee 1863. Sidaas darteed, fikradda ah Herzen laakiin kama ay helin wax taageero ah ka mayalka, mana Libaraalka, waayo marka hore, waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad u dhexdhexaad ah, oo ugu dambaysta waa mid aad u xagjirka ah. In 1865, dawladda Ruushka ayaa joogto ka dalbaday in Her Majesty Queen of England, tifatirayaasha ah "dawanno The" laga saaray dalka. Aleksandr Gertsen oo isaga saaxiibbadiis ah ayaa lagu qasbay in ay u guuraan Switzerland.

Herzen dhintay pneumonia ee 1870 ee Paris, halkaas oo uu ka soo gaaray arrimaha qoyska.

dhaxal ahaan suugaanta

Raadraaca Gertsena Aleksandra Ivanovicha uu leeyahay tiro badan oo articles ku qoran Ruush iyo ka haajirid. Laakiin inta badan caan ku ah buugaagta uu, gaar ahaan, shaqada ugu danbeeyay ee nolosha, "My hore iyo Afkaarta". Sam Aleksandr Gertsen, kuwaas oo Biography waxaa mararka qaarkood samayn zigzags fakari karin, loo yaqaan shaqada this qirasho, taas oo sababtay noocyo kala duwan oo "fikirrada cadaab." Waa ereygu ka mid ah saxaafadda, qorkiisa, Wehbe suugaanta iyo taariikhda taariikhiga ah. On novel ah "Yaa eed?" Qoraagu wuxuu ka shaqeeyey muddo lix sano ah. Dhibaatooyinka sinnaanta ragga iyo dumarka ee xiriirka guurka, waxbarashada waxa ku bixiya shaqada this si ay u xaliyaan iyadoo la kaashanayo ku hadafyada sare ee humanism. Sidoo kale waxaa iska leh in uu sheekada ostrosotsialnye qalinka "The Thieving Magpie", "cereals Dr.", "musiibo ee hal galaas oo grog", "xiiso" iyo kuwa kale.

malaha ma jiro hal qof aqoon, kuwaas oo ugu yaraan ma aha by malo ku garanayaa kii Aleksandr Gertsen. Biography Warbixinta Gaarka ah ee qoraaga helay Soviet Weyn Encyclopedia, Brockhaus iyo Efron, laakiin ma ogid waxa ilo kale! Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa fiican in la helo qof aqoon u leh qoraa buugaagta uu ka - in ay dhererka buuxa helo qofku shakhsiyadiisu.