Alkanes: Chemical Guryaha

Consort cokan ama paraffins, biosoedineniya waa kuwa u taagoo, kuwaas oo ka mid ah atamka carbon ku xiran yihiin (hal) sahlan bond, iyo dhammaan unugyada kale valences waxaa cokan by atamka hydrogen.

Alkanes: guryaha jirka

The wakiillo ka koowaad ee taxanaha homologous of methane - gaasas ka S5N12 in S15N32 - dareere ah, tan iyo markii S16N34 - adkaha. Iyada oo sii kordhaya tirada atamka carbon ee Britain ayaa ku alkane si dabiici ah u kordhi dhibcood barafku iyo karaya ay.

Consort karaya Low silsilad jahaysteen waxaa aad uga hooseeya marka loo eego hal dhibic karaya ee isomers ay. Methane iyo ethane waa ur, Consort oo dareere kacsan yihiin ur gaas (pentane iyo hexane) oo la shito, homologs sare oo dhanba leeyihiin methane. Consort cokan waa xumbo biyo, iyo ficil beelaya waxa ku jira. Consort cokan waa iska L in qase organic, iyo alkanes dareeraha isu yihiin qase fiican.

Alkanes: Chemical Guryaha

Waayo, kuwanu biosoedineny lagu gartaa falcelin yar yahay. Waxay yihiin inert, oo la soo bandhigay ee horyaalka - paraffins. Tani waa sababta in qaab-dhismeedka taagoo ee atamka C iyo H lala bonds li'idiisa. inertness kiimikada ee walxahan waxay sabab u tahay sifooyinka dhismaha ay kelli. In si ay u jebiyaan bond li'idiisa ah, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad waqti badan ku tamarta. kiimikada aasaasiga ah. sifooyinka alkanes, ie reactions, taas oo ay galaan, reaction nitration this, halogenation, sulfonation, sulfochlorination, arrinkaas. Alkane reactions xagjirka bilaabay xag, UV ama shucaaca gamma, peroxides, kululaynta. Marka tan la eego, waxay waxaa lagu gartaa laba nooc oo ah falcelin: bedelka ah hydrogen la xiriir fasax "carbon-hydrogen" iyo cholesterol ee Britain ayaa la dillaac ah ee C C ama C-H.

Alkanes: kiimikaad. falcelinta ee halogenation xagjirka ah

reaction Tan waxaa mararka qaarkood loo metalepsiey. Waa in la keeni kara qoraxda. madow ee 250-400 ° C ama in joogitaanka Xoojiya (chloride copper, chloride copper, iyo waxa daasadda) atamka halogeen sequentially atamka hydrogen ee u taagoo of alkanes ah.

Alkanes: kiimikaad. reaction nitration

Kooxda Nitro waxaa si fudud u beddelay hydrogen ee jaamacadda, dugsiga sare culus oo aad u adag in atamka carbon hoose. Haddaba nitration scale warshadaha ee alkanes waa la fuliyay in marxaladda gaaska at 150-490 ° C leh xabagta nitric ama uumi acid nitric.

Alkanes: kiimikaad. falcelinta ee sulfochlorination

In ka Consort cokan in isku dar ah baaruud ah dioxide iyo chlorine. Xoojiya inta badan waa peroxides ama shucaaca UV. reaction waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loo soo saaro saabuun dardaro (saabuunta). On alkilsulfohloridy waa alkalis keenta in formation of cusbada cawaaqib xumadoodu waxay of acids sulphonic, ee qaybaha dhismaha of saabuun (bleach, budo).

Consort cokan - wax xawliga ah u ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee walxaha organic kala duwan. shardi A for ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee dad badan oo iyaga ka mid ah waa diyaarinta alkenes ka alkanes, ama Consort roodhida.

Cholesterol ah hydrogen ka Britain ah alkane ama dehydrogenation in joogitaanka Xoojiya iyo hoos kululaynta (460 ° C) oo u ogolaanaya in la helo alkenes loo baahan yahay. Hababka lagu qayilo ee alkanes marka heerkulku hooseeyo in joogitaanka Xoojiya (cusbada magnesium). Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa saamaynta eegtay falcelinta iyo in la helo wax soo saarka loo baahan yahay ee lagu qayilo ee geedi socodka of Avv kiimikada. Tusaale ahaan, in lagu qayilo ee alkanes sare helay alcohols kala duwan sare ama dufanka leh acids sare.

cholesterol Alkanes sidoo kale dhacda in xaalado kale (gubanaya, arrinkaas). Consort cokan sii daayo buluug olol xaddi badan oo kulaylka gubi. guryaha waxay u ogolaadaan in ay u isticmaalaan sida shidaalka-calorie sare ee guriga iyo in industry.