Aragtida gaar ah muuqaalka dhabta ah ee sawirada carruurta ee kooxaha da'da yar

Asmer Vidadi gizi Abdullayeva

Azerbaijan State Academy of Arts

Department "History iyo Aragtida of Fine Arts" ee Baku

abdullayevaasmer@yahoo.com

 

aragtida gaar ah muuqaal ah xaqiiqada dhabta ah ee ku xeeran ee sawirada carruurta ee koox da 'yar  

 

Sida iska cad, sawir ee nolosha ilmaha uu leeyahay meel gaar ah. In geeddi-socodka of abuurka ilmaha ciyaaraa warqad tiro badan oo cayn kasta ah oo khadadka, qaababka joomateri, dhibco midab, racfaan mararka qaarkood aad u adag qorsheyaasha compositional iyo tabaha farsamo. Kuwani waa la fahmi karo oo kaliya in ay kid ah, ma aanan akhriyi calaamadaha iyo astaamaha in uu maanka waxaa lagu abaabulaa sheeko icon ah macquul macquul ah.

Iyada oo ku saleysan waxa uu arkay ilmaha tusin barbaro hab aad u taaban karin, mana ay guuri jirin shaqo gaar ah, sida - isku dayaya in ay u guuraan on warqada degna kacay caasinimada minikompozitsii muuqaal ah. psychologists badan oo, sharxaya arrin ku style la taaban karin in caruurta yar yar, isku raacsan yahay in horumarinta fikirka ilmaha hal abuur ay ka maqan yihiin ujeedada.

Jeestay cilmi berrinkii nafsiga ilmaha soo jeedinaya gaarnay heer ah in, in, dunida aan la taaban karin dhalanteed, taas oo ilmaha ka mid ah 2-7 sano on warqad, waxay ma ogsoona aan dib loo isticmaali, waxa ay sidoo kale noqon kartaa wax soo saarka ee horumarinta hawlaha maskaxda iyo aadan iyadoo ay sabab u arkaan in uu yahay mid taariikhi ah unit. Waxaan u arkaa in ay adag tahay in la raacsan gunaanad kuwan. Isku guryaha gaarka ah ee walxaha iyo waxay ka caawisaa in la abuuro image dhamaystiran oo aragtida - habka aadanaha iyo digtoonaan oo alaab ah iyo ifafaale ee adduunka ku xeeran oo ay saameyn toos ah ku leeyahay dareenka.

Aragtida xitaa qaar ka mid ah waxyaabaha fudud habka aad u adag oo ay ku lug leedahay shidma shaqada (xasaasi ah), iyo habab hadalka motor. Marka la eego hadalka graphic, habka of aragtida ilmaha ula xiriira dhinaca dareenka maskaxeed ee ilmaha, oo ay awood u gaar ah si ay u beddesho dunida ka mid ah waxyaabaha ku jira go'an adag ee dareenka, dareenkooda iyo khibradooda, sidaas samaynta wax dhab ah oo ku saabsan warqada in ganaax-habayn dareen ee "i- degdegin "gunaanadeen qaan gaadhin. xiisaha A dhabta ah ee caruurta yar yar ee geedi socodka of sawir ku xiran yahay, ugu horreeya oo dhan, iyada oo suurtagal ah ee ilmaha waxaa la heli karaa, dareen ahaan dhegeysiga, u noolayn wax soo saar sawirka dhabta ah ee dunida.

Inta badan carruurta ay barbaro galeen, imps, sculpt, dhisaan, iwm iyo habka abuurista unug hal abuur leh si buuxda iyo si buuxda iyaga qaadataa. Barbaro, ilmuhu si buuxda u nuugo in nidaamka this kakan, oo aan waqti badan oo uu go'aan ka waxa shaqo qabtay si dhaqso ah u lumiya xiisaha waxa ku jira, ku dhowaad marnaba in ay iyada soo laabtay tagaan. Awoodda ilmaha 2-7 sannadood foom heer hoose ah si ay sawir murugsan ee ay tirada goob sheeko, waxaa nooga la muujin shacuurta jilicsan daran, sida haddii aad maskax by taabashada, gelinayn ah Lahjadda ugu weyn compositional - waa mid gaar ah. Ka dib markii in, isaga weydiin su'aalo ku saabsan sheekada aan ka helno jawaab la taaban karo su'aasha ah, in uu yahay, in kasta oo ay la'aanta ah ee waayo-aragnimo iyo xirfado gaar ah farsamada ee ilmaha had iyo jeer ku siinaysaa magaca sawiro, oo sida xaqiiqada ah marna wac ay Metamorphosis "kalyaki" ama tareenka ka xun tiriyey . Inta badan ee dhibcood ee ciriiriga, khadadka iyo qabsatooyinkoodiiba, artist yar arkaa xayawaan cayn kasta ama dadka, waana duufsan in aad ka fikirto "sababta aynaan u arkaan?" Waxaan u maleynayaa in ay dhab ahaan waa in dhaca da'da aragtida aadanaha ee falalkooda muuqaal ah, iyo sidoo kale ay sii isbadal galay qaab gaar ah.

Waxaa lagu hafray si caddaalad ah wax caadi ah ee hawsha hal abuur leh ilmaha daraasadda of cilmi nafsiga ilmaha. First, ilmahaaga, barbaro, uu uga takhalusi tamar taban qarqinayo isaga, gudbo dhibaatooyinka u gaarka ah ay. ilmaha labaad ee geedi socodka of recreating image gaarka ah waxaa la aasaasay sida qofka, iyo awooda gudaha ee abuuraha waa isha siyabo of waxyoonay iyo arrin asaasiga ah ee horumarinta guud ee ruuxiga ah ee ilmaha oo dhan. Saddexaad, carruurta, ay barbaro galeen, isbogsii ka xamilo dhibaato shucuureed iyo dhaawacyada ka dhaca ay ugu dago ee isgaarsiinta asalka facooda.

Laakiin mar kale, sida booska uu ka falanqaynta farshaxanka ma laakiin in la ogaadaa karnaa in ay sawiro ka mid ah reer binu 2-7 sano ugu yaraan waxaad ka arki kartaa calaamadaha halgan ilmaha naftiisa ama iyaga looga gudbo wax kasta oo dhibaato nafsi ah. In ilmaha, silsilad had iyo jeer si cad u goostay, midab dhalaal iyo in ka badan kala duwan, inta badan image kooban oo si cad u xiran dhagarta, sawirka guud ee had iyo jeer waa ay wanaagsan tahay iyo radiates iftiin diiran gaar ah. Booqashada bandhiga of sawirada carruurta, marka hore Garaaci farqiga da'da ee shuqullada, iyo had iyo jeer ma ay guushu ku qiimeynta kooxda sare my.

First of dhan, waa dhadhan. Inkastoo ay kala duwan ee midabada, in ay sawiro ka mid ah dhallinyarada waa midabka inta badan qabow ku baahday, image ee darey qaarkood la sameeyaa si sax ah iyo si taxadar leh, dhibco midab si nidaamsan oo si ula kac ah, sawiro farsamo la sameeyey dheeraad ah oo baahsan loo qaybiyey badan carruurta - Halabuurka ayaa ah mid qasan badnaa ee faahfaahin yar iyo xubno ka madaxtooyada. Tan waxa u sabab, dabcan, dhammaan la aragti isku mid ah oo ay casri ah da 'gaar ah. Waa in la ogaadaa in ilmaha da'da dugsiga si dhakhso ah Dadka'wax at casharo sawirka iyo sida macalinka bara mawduuca ku xiran tahay, in mustaqbalka, horumarinta fikirka hal abuur leh ee ilmo gaar ah. Marka ilmuhu waa in geeddi-socodka ah ee sawir oo doonaysa in ay muujiso maaddo gaar ah oo dad ama xayawaan ah, macallinka inta badan soo rogay everyman lagu hafray ilmaha - sax ama qalad, la mid ah ama aan. Taa baddalkeeda, dadaalkaas oo ilmaha keenaysaa in Xaaladaha intooda badan in xaqiiqda ah in artist dhallinyarada si deg deg ah u lumiya muujin shacuurta in carruurta gaarka ah ee in la joogo in shaqooyinka uu dugsiga ka hor ahaa.

Laakiinse dib bay u kids sawiro, waxaad u qeexi karaan astaamo guud iyo taabtona waa shaqsi si uu shuqulka carruurta 2-7 sano jir ah, iyo sidoo kale saamaynta arrimo kala duwan oo ku saabsan dunida aragtida muuqaalka ah artist yar. Tani waxay noqon kartaa a deegaanka bulshada, taas oo mustaqbalka ay sii wadi doonto si ay u horumariyaan abuurka, inay sameeyaan waxa waalidka, saaxiibada, facooda leh, sinnaanshaha shakhsiyadda dadka uu ku dhow isaga (walaalkaa, walaashaa, iwm) in, dhibaatada fahamka hababka qaarkood.

Daawashada abuurka kids ka soo baxeen qaar ka mid ah qaababka aan muhiim ahayn qeexo shaqadooda ee macnaha guud ee deegaanka bulshada.

Falanqaynta qof gaar ah ama muuqaalka muujinayaa ilmaha in meesha ugu horeysa, waxaa lagu foorariyay in waxa niyadda ilmaha furfuraya dhibaato meel isaga ka soo hor madaama uu shakhsi ahaan la xidhiidhaan mawduuca la siiyo. Tusaale ahaan, iyagoo muujinayay in goobaha dagaalka ama xaaladaha isku dhaca, artist dhallinyarada weyn oo taariikhi gaysteen tirada taas oo u dhaw iyo jeeeeshihiin Ilaahay isaga in (inta badan aysan tusin qudhiisa iyagoo muujinayay in guusha, ama meel u dhow iyo gacaliyo si uu qof).

Waa inaad sidoo kale ka fiirsan xaqiiqda ah in marmar dhif ah, carruurta oo ka tirsan kooxda da'da yar ku soo rogi karaa, silsilad ah ee sawirka mustaqbalka, iyo waa horrayn muujinaysaa madaxbannaanida bulshada iyo xorriyadda xagga ruuxa gudaha iyo aqoonsiga (inta badan waalidiinta iyo daryeelayaasha la geran karo sida caasinimada) ee ilmaha. Intee in le'eg oo ilmaha joogsadaa cadaadiska arrimo badan oo dibadeed, iyo sidoo kale kala duwan ee isag doortay isaga by waysay ogaado sawirka guud ee horumarinta qaarkood tayada muhiim ah aadanaha ee ilmaha mustaqbalka. Falanqaynta sawirada carruurta abuuray by caruurta 2-7 sano jir ah oo ka adduunka oo dhan, kala duwanaanta weerarada ka yeel malayaasha:

theme Common: qoyska (hooyaday, aabe, walaalkaa, walaashaa), muuqaalka dhirta (qorraxda, samada, dhulka, qoryaha), duur-joogta (shimbiraha, fardaha, eyda, bisadaha), khiyaali, maadooyinka mythological (wuxuush, dinosaurs, iwm ).,

characters of sawir iyo sheekooyinka, oo sideeda oo fasmagoricheskie (space, magaalada mustaqbalka, cajaladood oo duulaya , iwm).

Obscheopredelyayuschim saxiixa doorbidida mowduuc carruurta 2-7 sano jir waa maadooyinka jecel yahay, kaas oo mashquulin ee nolosha ilmaha waa muhiim kaliya isaga u meel iyo tijaabiyey in dago ilmaha marxalad qaar ka mid ah aragtida ah image ah.

Carruurta 2 -7 sano inta badan wax ugu horayn muuqaal ah isu doortaan oo naftiisa la kulaney ee darey xaaladeed kala duwan, isaga qudhiisu aad dooranayso actor ee maaddo gaar ah, aysan tusin abuuraa image ah qurxiyey oo is xaaladaha qaarkood, qayb dhexe ee taas oo uu, iyo inuu keligiis, oo ku wareegsan ururin xubno kuwaas oo macnaha waa compositionally fudud. laftiisa Positioning leh qof gaar ah oo dhab ah ama aan dhab ahayn, ilmo, in mabda, isu arkaan xisbi labada goobaha dhabta ah oo fantastik ah, daacad ah rumeeyaan wuxuush iyo shisheeyaha, ogolaanshaha sida jilayaasha ku nool, waxay u dhow. Just inta aan la gaadhin da 'gaar ah, ilmaha ka tago iimaanka ee adduunka, ma aannu arki karo. Oo waa in muddo this in sawiro ilmaha uu jiro kala-guurka ah oo ka taaban karin si ay u qorsheyaasha compositional sheeko maaddo-muuqaalka tusaale ah.

Jecel "ISO-mawduuca" ilmaha waa qoyska, iyo ma aha la yaab leh, sababtoo ah ilmuhu aanu is arko halka oo keliya, ha isu Arkaa aan dadkoodii ay jeclaayeen iyo image oo aan isaga qudhiisa aan la aqbali karin, waayo ilmo caafimaad qaba. Martigeliso, theme qoyska la kala duwanaayeen karo, laakiin fikrad ahaan waxa ay had iyo jeer waa isku mid, oo fikrad this lagu tilmaami karaa mid ka mid ah lagu xukumay (I, hooyo, aabbe, walaalkaa ama walaashaa, kuwaas oo midba midka kale ku jeclahay). Dabcan, waxaan ula jeedaa fikradda guud ee qoyska dhamaystiran iyo kid kasta maqan images in xulashada ee loo dejiyay ama farqiga, in uu yahay, waxay leeyihiin arinka kalifay qarsoon gaar ah. Inta badan ilmaha, iyagoo muujinayay in gebi qoyskiisa, isku dayayaan in ay ku xidhmaan Coca qof kasta waa dun caadi ah (hub lala, ama meelaha caadiga ah ee midabka dharka, qaybo ka mid ah jidhka, ka weji isku mid ah, iwm) oon ku Sawirashada hawadooda hoose aanay ka warqabin. Tani waxay soo jeedinaysaa in ilmaha, isagoo awood u gaar ah waxay ka dhigan tahay diyaarad yar inuu u ciyaaro waxa ay tiigsanayaan, hawadooda iyo dareenka, sidoo kale waa awood u heer dareen in lagu soo qabto dhibaatooyinka mustaqbalka ee qoyska in aynu nahay dadka waaweyn, sababta oo ah aragti uu helaba ma aragto ama aadan rabin in aad aragto. carruurta Optically ee indhaha arka sawir gaar ah sida aan, laakiin waxa ay qaadataa hab buuxda u kala duwan, iyo caddaynta in ilmaha ka weyn, isagu waa xirfadle awooda badan ee shaqada, waa ku sii adkaanaysaa fikirka da'ayeen, waa laga doodi karaa.

Waxa hubaal ah ilmaha 7-12 sano iyadoo ay sabab u formation of Ujeedada fikirayo wax sawiro ah u muuqataa dheeraad ah oo macquul ahayn in ilmaha la mid ah 2-7 sano. Laakiin ugu horreeya oo dhan, marka qiimayn guud ee sawirada carruurta, mid ka mid ah waa in ay ku tiirsan yihiin si qoto dheer ee furitaanka goob a, iyo sidoo kale heerka uu boos xal farcan dago. dhallaanka intooda badan aysan tusin xulay circuit kiis cad oo leh walxo caadi dhexe:

qofka (s) - qorraxda

qofka (s) - dhulka-Samada

qofka (s) - dalka Sun-nebo-

qofka (s) - guriga alaabooyinka nebo- qorraxda

dadka - guriga - dhulka-Samada - geed - Badda

Waxa la yaab leh in tani ma aha nidaamka ah oo baahsan ee dalka durkiya muhiim aasaasiga ah iyo macnaha qarsoon ee aragtida dunida jideeyey - dadka, qorraxda, dhulka, cirka, biyaha, dabeecadda, guriga. Maxay waa dareen? Awooda male ilmaha? Or oo dhan awood isku mid ah u gaar ah ee ilmaha - ". Bislaadaan at xididka" si gaar ah in ay la kulmaan xeeran iyo Mararka qaarkood fursado carruurta ee dulmar kooban oo qaabka loo bedelay oo arki khadadka story adag soo jeedinaya fikradda guud ee "tayo" ee caruurta 2-7 sano, iyo qoondaynta carruurta shaqsi in koox ka mid ah ardayda hibada leh iyo muranka sida qiimeynta ay shaqada sida ay mabda'a; wanaagsan - xun, oo qurux badan - fool xun, heer hoose ah oo ay adag tahay.

Jidka soo socda muuqaal muhiim ah waa hooyada. Toddlers inta badan sawir hooyadiis, oon diinta image galay calaamad u ah dunida dhabta ah, halkaas oo ilmaha kaliya ma uusan qaadan oo aan hooyo. Ma aha la yaab leh, inta badan ilmaha, barbaro hooyadiis, waa qaab hypertrophied. Markii waagu beryo ilbaxnimada heer hoose ah dadka iska dhigaya ilaahadood ay (characters - bacriminta, kuna imannin, iwm) iyo sidoo kale kids waxay ahaayeen image dumar ah ee guud, foomamka la weyneyn.

artist Young "furin" warqad uu jacayl buu u ballaadhan yahay iyo jacaylka hooyada, ka jira dago sida nooc ka mid ah calaamadaha israacinayo muujiyay dhex dareenka taabashada, ilmahaagu wuxuu diiradda saarayaa qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee jirka - gacmaha, lugaha, caloosha, xabadka, iwm

In sawiro badan oo carruurta tirada hooyo - image laftiisa waa xarun compositional of images shabahaad carruurta, mar walba soo bandhigay dhalaalaya, taariikhi, expressively. In uu Dakatu ilmaha ugu indhuhuu dareenka daawadayaasha ayaa muhiim ah, in garashadiisii, ayaa qayb ka ah image waalidka.

Hands, faraha splayed, garbaha ballaadhan - calaamad u ah ilaalinta, nasasho, diirimaad iyo hab.

Lugaha - mar walba qaab xagal - calaamad u ah xasilloonida, cimri dherer iyo dheelitirka.

Indhaha - ferjiga, balaartay - mar walba calaamad u tahay jacayl hooyada, daryeelka, xoog.

Dhegaha - calaamad u tahay in hooyada mar walba maqli oo garta.

Laga bilaabo inaan ka dhaansado inta badan carruurta in meesha ugu horeysa, tixraac tiradaasi hooyada, iyada la siiyo meesha bannaan ee compositional meesha dhexe in kaliya uu xaqiijinayaa in, si ka duwan carruurta dugsiga iyo dhalinyarada in ay carruurta yaryar sawirtaa image tani waa bond a non-verbal isha la jabin karin dareenka u dhexeeya isaga iyo hooyadiis. Aan awoodin in ay nadiifiso hadal diyaarin ay aragtida jacaylka hooyada, ilmaha si cad iyo si cad u barbaro uu xiriir la socday hooyadiis la qalin ama rinjiga.

Marka falanqaynta guud ee sifooyinka gaarka ah ee hal-abuurka carruurta ee macnaha guud ee aragtida muuqaalka, qoraaga si ula kac ah ka mawduucyada si fiican u bartay la xidhiidha cilmi nafsiga carruurta, dejinta gool inaad wax ka barato dhibaatadan iska dhaqaaqay ma aha caafimaad, laakiin dhibic of view of farshaxanka.

 

tixraacyada  

 

1. Falanqaynta iyo farshaxanka fasiraadda. co-abuurka iyo farshaxanka. Edited by NA Yakovleva. Moscow, 2005, 549 p.

2. R. Arnheim Art aragtida muuqaalka. M., 1974. 392 p p.1.

3. R. Arnheim Art aragtida muuqaalka. Trans. ka Ingiriiska. VN Samokhina. Tot. Ed. Oo bilowdo. Qodobka V. Shestakov. M:. Progress, 1974.392 c.

4. Rs Burns, Kaufmann SH sawirka qoyska ogeed: hordhac ah si fahamka carruurta iyada oo loo marayo sawiro ogeed / Trans. ka Ingiriiska. M., 2000. - 146 p.

5. Bozovic LI Marxaladaha formation of shakhsiyadda in ontogenesis // Su'aalo ee cilmi nafsiga. - 1979. - №4. - p.23-24.

6. Volkov NN garashada shayga iyo sawir. M. 1950.

7. Daniel S. Farshaxanka oo ay u arkaan. L., 1990

8. sawir Dileo D. Carruurta: ogaanshaha iyo fasirkeediiba. - M., 2001. - 272 p.

9. Dmitrieva N.Izobrazhenie erayga .M. 1962.

10. K. Machover saadaalinta barbaro aadanaha / Trans. ka Ingiriiska. - M., 2000. - 154 p.

11. Muhina VS Psychology. - M:. Academy, 1997. - 432 p.