Ayaa wadamada Yurub ayaa la abuuray by Normans ah. The Normans in Europe

Ka hor inta aan ogaado waxa gobolka ee Europe ayaa lagu abuuray by Normans ah, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si aad u ogaato nooca dadka qarinaya magac in. Ereygan uu macnihiisu yahay fikradda sii faafto ee "Vikings". Waxay ahaayeen badmaax oo xirfad leh ka Scandinavia, kuwaas oo dooni ay nolol fiican ka tago ay dalka u adag isla markaana u tageen inay dhacaan horumarinta gobolka Dr Makumbe iman.

Period of jabsata xagga woqooyi ka soo wareegay qarnigii VIII-XI. Vikingarna waxay ahaayeen kuwa jaahilka ah oo Ilaah caabudeen karnoo mid ah wiilasha ilaahyada, taas oo ka kacay xilligii pre-Christian. doorka muhiimka ah ee diintooda ku qaadataa hal - ilaaha dagaalka. nololeedka xagjirka noorwiijiga, oo deenish ah iyo weerarada dalka Iswiidan ka cabsan Quluubta boqortooyooyinka Western Yurub, ayaa markii ay hoos u degto oo ay noqoto ilbaxnimada. Waxay ahaayeen yeedhay Vikings Normans (waxaa loo turjumi karaa sida "dadka waqooyiga"). Taariikhda qabiilooyinka waa kuwan ee kaa caawin doontaa in si fiican u fahmaan gobolka ee Europe ayaa lagu abuuray by Normans ah. History (Darajada 6) faahfaahsan gaar ahaan waxbarashada this topic in ay barnaamijka.

Ilaa dhammaadkii qarnigii iyo boobka guutadii IX ahaayeen unsystematic. Hoggaamiyayaasha kaliya xiiseynaya inuu wax soo saarka, kuwaas oo helay, waxay siiyeen amarka inay dib u laabtaan. Waqti ka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax walba oo bedelay. Haddaba gaajaysan, waayo, quudhin, iyo ammaan, si toos ah badmaax qabtay dalka iyo degeen iyaga oo ku.

Duchy of Normandy

Ka jawaabaya su'aal, taas oo dhigayaa in Europe ayaa la abuuray by Normans ah in meesha ugu horeysa waa in la ogaadaa ka Duchy of Normandy. dalalkan oo xagga woqooyi ee France afka reebin River ayaa la degan ku soo duulay marka hore xagga woqooyi ka. In 889, oo amiir u ahaa Vikings halkan degeen, oo loo yaqaan dadka lugaynaya ee Hrolf. Sidaa awgeed, iyadoo ciidamada uu, uu weeraray boqortooyada France, gaarey xataa tan iyo agagaarkeedii Paris. About ay asal ahaan in ay weli ka doodaan. In mid ka mid ah version waxaa ka mid ah - Dane, oo dhinaca kale ah - Norway.

The King of France ayaa awoodi waayay on gaar ah in la wado ajaanibta ka mid ah hantidoodii, sidaas in 911, Charles III ee Simple bixiyeen Buenafloroo (sida taariikhda Christian la odhan jiray Hrolf) si ay u qabtaan xaflad ka baabtiiska oo ay noqoto wiilkaagiiba ah Carolingian ah. Hogaamiyaha Vikings soo qaaday magaca Robert aniga iyo aasaaskii guri ammaan Norman dhigay. ayaa wadamada Yurub ayaa la abuuray by Normans ah? jawaabo gaaban oo ka mid ah duchy this. Waqti ka, ka Scandinavians shisheeye lagu daray iyadoo dadka deegaanka iyo qaateen af iyo caadooyinka. Tani waxay sidoo kale khuseysaa madaxda adag dhulgoosadka, aasaaska hore ee xiriirka ka mid ah aqoonyahanada dalka ee waqtiga.

Conquest of England House of Normandy

cayimista Liiska wadamada Yurub ayaa la abuuray by Normans ah, England sii. Ugaasyadii, kaas oo xukumi jiray Normandy, si rasmi ah u ahaayeen vassals taajkii Faransiis, laakiin Qolyihii kaliya aan joogay madax banaan, laakiin sidoo kale saamayn weyn ku garaafyada dariska ah iyo kuwa kale ee ka mid ah fiefs. In bartamihii qarnigii XI ee England Sharuucda Eduard Ispovednik, kuwaas oo waxaa iska lahaa guri ammaan Anglo-Saxon Wessex. In Normandy, uu casriga ah, waxay ahayd farac u Roberta waxaan Vilgelm. The King iyo Duke waxay ahaayeen qaraabada fog, kaas oo siiyey dambe midig rasmi ah ee isku xigta horyaalka ugu horeysay.

Marka in 1066 Edward dhintay, William dhawaaqay xuquuqda ay u leeyihiin carshigii English. Gudbaya on jasiiradda, Norman ee ciidanka adkaaday ee Anglo-Saxons iyo tartame Harold ee Battle of Hastings. Ugu dambeyntii boqortooyadii u jideeyey, in ay 6 sano. Sidaas daraaddeed, nooca dawladda ee Europe ayaa lagu abuuray by Normans ah? Jawaab - England. Dhacdooyinkaasi waxay ahayd muhiimka ah ee taariikhda oo dhan of Europe.

Qiimaha hoos jooge ee England

Falanqaynta waxa gobolka ee Europe ayaa lagu abuuray by Normans ah, mana samayn karno baxay qodobada of muhiimadda ay leedahay qabsaday u hayaamay Britain.

Waa midda koowaade, Albion ugu dambeyntii ka qarxay xiriir la Scandinavia. Ka hor this, Norway iyo Denmark madaxda isku dayay inuu hoosaysiiyo jasiiradda xooggiisa. Qaar ka mid ah ayaa lagu guuleystey (tusaale ahaan, Knud Veliky), laakiin ugu dambeyntii xaqiijisatay Vikings ma guulaysan in Britain. Jaahilka fuliyeen ee la soo dhaafay, ma ahan oo keliya, waayo, England laakiin Europe oo dhan. marxalad cusub. boqortooyada Scandinavian si tartiib tartiib ah isku duubay Masiixiyada oo waxay galeen kastana falagiisuu dhex horumarinta Yurub caadi ah.

Marka labaad, Britain laftiisa ayaa la bedelay. awood Halkan dambeyntii kaliya ee boqorka lagu ansixiyay, in sanadihii la soo dhaafay oo kaliya kor u kacay. waqti A markii jasiiradda coexisted qaar ka mid ah dalalka Anglo-Saxon ee la soo dhaafay. Kaliya inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada William ciidanka midaysan iyo ciidamada badda, tirakoobka A waxaa la abuuray, diiwaan geliyay caanka ah ee "Book Qiyaame." Norman abtirsan hadlay Faransiis iyo waxa ay u guureen jasiiradda. luqadda Ingiriisiga dhowr qarniyo calaamo oo ka mid ah dadka caadiga ah noqday. Laakiin, sida uu yahay kiiska la Hrolfa Vikings, iyadoo isbedel ah ee ka ab ka dhacay milmaan, kaas oo daalaeday badan oo erayada Faransiis ee luuqadda maxalliga ah.

Anglo-Norman

Norman guri ammaan u talin jiray ilaa 1135. Wilhelm iyo wiilashiisii aasaaskii ku dhigay gobolka English casriga ah, taas oo uu noqday UK. Iyada oo dhimasho aabbihiis, carshiga waxaa Dhaxli wiilkiisa, in samigiisa William II Auburn (Rufus) (1087 - 1100). Walaalkiis ka weyn Robert Kurtgoz helay Normandy. By habka, mid ka mid ah qabanqaabiyeyaasha saliibi koowaad ee Bariga Dhexe uu noqday.

Xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya qaraabada ayaa hareeyay khilaafka joogta ah in ka badan horyaal. khilaafka aan la xalinin, marka William lagu dilay ugaarsi. Waxaa is khilaafeen qof lagu mudayo iyo quudhsadeen aristocracy Anglo-Saxon maxaliga ah, taas oo hoos u aasaaskii gobolka.

carshigii English heystey ugu da'da yaraa ee walaalaha - Henry I (1100 - 1135). Robert dhawray isku dayayaan si aad u hesho wax taaj oo Ingiriisi ah, ilaa uu la qaatay maxbuus ee Battle of Tanshbre ee 1106. Waxa uu la xidhay 28 sano oo ku dhintay xabsiga. Henry ayaa sidoo kale helay Normandy oo ku biiray dhaxalka aabbihiis. Marka ay bilaabeen ballaarinta ee Wales. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa ay ku xiran yihiin gobolka Faransiis ah Brittany.

Wiilkiisa iyo bedelka, Wilhelm murugo leh ku dhintay 1120 ka dib markii uu shil ku saabsan "Markabka White" in Channel Ingiriisi ah. Dhacdadani waxa ay ayaa afaysteen dhibaato saldanadii. Ka dib markii dagaalkii sokeeye dhimasho Henry ayaa ka qarxay inta u dhaxaysa uu adeer Stephen iyo gabadhiisa Matilda. Wiilkeeda, Henry II kor uguma carshiga ee 1167, ka dib markii taas guri ammaan ugu dambayntii gaabin, sidii uu Boqor cusub ee aabbihiis iska lahaa qoyska Plantagenet ah.

Waxa ay ahayd inta lagu guda jiro guri ammaan this bilaabaa biirtay Kooxaha Norman iyo dadka Anglo-Saxon, taas oo keentay in dhalashada ee Qaranka English ee qarniyadii dhexe soo daahay.

gobolka of Aversa

Sheekada cajiib ah oo calooshood u Scandinavian dhex galay koonfurta Italy iyo abuuray waxaa leedahay boqortooyo, inaan la Halmaameen karo marka ay timaado nooca dawladda ee Europe ayaa lagu abuuray by Normans ah.

Hantidooda ugu horeysay ku saarney Apennine ahaa gobolka of Aversa ololayaasha casriga ah. Waxaa la siiyay Raynulfu Drengo Duke taliye Sergiyos Bawlos IV ee Naples ee 1030. Future Earl ka mid ah calooshood u badan oo ka soo North of France diriray Empire ee Byzantine, Talyaaniga anti-dhulgoosadka.

gobolka Puglia

Midka ahaa qaddar ee qoyska ka mid ah qoyska William Hauteville (ilaha qaar ka mid ah - Hauteville). Waxa uu sidoo kale ahaa waxyaabo isdabo mar ah, iyo in colaadaha military badan oo noqday Tirinta ee Apulia, ceyrinta Byzantines ee 1042. Waqti ka, waxay sameeyeen kordhay hantidoodii, isu garashada vassals of Quduuska Roman Empire ah, Pope ka.

Sidaas daraaddeed, in 1071, Robert Guiscard Muslimiinta ka jasiiradda Sicily laga eryey, ka dibna galay dalkii hantida u ahaa magac la mid ah ka Pope County. Dhammaan dowlad-goboleedyada waxyaalahan waxaa loo abuuray by Normans ah.

Kingdom of Italy

Ka dib markii dhowr guurka u dhexeeya qolooyinka reer ex-calooshood iyo dhammaan sannee dhaxal khuseeya koonfurta Italy ku jiray gacmaha Roger II, kaasoo sidoo kale waxaa iska lahaa guri ammaan qoyska Hauteville ah. Ugu Christmas 1130 antipope ku Anaclet II inoo sheegay oo ahaa boqorkii reer Sicily. Later, horyaalka waxaa loo aqoonsan doonaa in Rome. boqortooyada Sicilian Qabanay dhowr guul ciidamada Byzantium oo qarnigii a ahaa ciidanka adag Mediterranean. Waayo, wakhtigu waa qaar ka mid ah, oo xataa wuu u addeeci jirtay dalka Waqooyiga Afrika iyo Greece.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee guri ammaan asal ahaan kasoo jeeda Normandy carshiga socday muddo gaaban. In 1194 waxay uga gudubtay in guri ammaan Hohenstaufen ah, taas oo ka mid ah boqorada ka dibna Jarmal. Guud ahaan, boqortooyada Sicilian socday ilaa 1816, markii la baabiiyo dhamaadka ee Congress of Vienna ka dib Wars Napoleonic ah. Sayidka dhamaado sheekada waxa gobolka ee Europe ayaa lagu abuuray by Normans ah. Jawaabtu waa run ahaantii la yaab leh, tan iyo quruumaha yar maareeyeen in ay gacanta horyaal ee gobolada kala duwan ee UK ay u Mediterranean.

Cawaaqibka furasho Norman ah

Wiilashii Viking ee saameyn ku leh qaaradda oo dhan qarniyo. State ee Europe by Normans ah, kaliya ma aanay badalin map siyaasadeed, laakiin sidoo kale qeyb ka variable qowmiyadaha, tusaale ahaan, in England.

War la bari (oo ay ku jiraan yimaddeen) xaqiijisatay ee Old Masiixiyiinta adduunka. Taariikhda waxa gobolka ee Europe ayaa lagu abuuray by Normans ah, oo kooban oo ah kaas oo la kor lagu sharaxay, waxay muujinaysaa in xitaa lakabka yar oo ah dadka dareen ka bedeli kartaa qaddar ee qaaradda oo dhan.